Amir Sarshin, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Mehdi Zargani, Sahar Sedighi, Mona Abdolhamid Tehrani, Foad Feizolahi
Background: Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is a common health problem in women of reproductive age, affecting the individual’s health, job performance, and quality of life. Objectives: This research investigated the effect of three ten-day yoga courses and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea in non-athlete girls. Methods: Forty-eight girls (18 to 25 years old) suffering from dysmenorrhea in Karaj participated in this clinical trial. Cluster sampling was used to select the subjects, and they were allocated to four groups: the placebo group, the yoga and placebo group, the zinc sulfate group, and the yoga and zinc sulfate group. Before the research, the serum levels of prostaglandin E were measured in the laboratory using the ELISA method. Then, the yoga training group (from the 22nd day of menstruation to the third day of bleeding for ten days, 45 minutes every day) performed yoga exercises. The exercise program of this research was five asanas. Also, yoga, stretching, strength training, and breathing and relaxation techniques were performed between the asanas training, which mainly involved the abdomen and lower back. Results: The results showed that yoga exercises and zinc sulfate supplementation significantly affected (decreased) the levels of prostaglandin E in non-athlete girls (F1,43 = 17.564, P = 0.001, η = 0.290). Also, exercise alone affected prostaglandin E levels significantly (P < 0.05) compared to other groups. However, the supplement alone did not influence prostaglandin E levels significantly (P > 0.05). In addition, exercises and zinc sulfate supplementation significantly affected anthropometric measures. Conclusions: According to the results, three ten-day yoga exercise programs and zinc sulfate supplements improved primary dysmenorrhea.
背景:痛经(痛经)是育龄妇女常见的健康问题，影响个体健康、工作表现和生活质量。目的:本研究探讨3天瑜伽课程和硫酸锌对非运动员女生原发性痛经的影响。方法:选取Karaj地区48例18 ~ 25岁的痛经女生进行临床试验。采用整群抽样的方法选择受试者，将受试者分为四组:安慰剂组、瑜伽加安慰剂组、硫酸锌组、瑜伽加硫酸锌组。研究前，在实验室采用ELISA法测定血清前列腺素E水平。然后，瑜伽训练组(从月经第22天到出血第3天，连续10天，每天45分钟)进行瑜伽练习。这项研究的锻炼计划是五个体式。此外，瑜伽、拉伸、力量训练、呼吸和放松技术在体式训练之间进行，主要涉及腹部和下背部。结果:瑜伽锻炼和补充硫酸锌显著影响(降低)非运动员女生前列腺素E水平(F1,43 = 17.564, P = 0.001， η = 0.290)。此外，运动本身显著影响前列腺素E水平(P <0.05)。然而，补充剂本身并没有显著影响前列腺素E水平(P >0.05)。此外，运动和硫酸锌补充显著影响人体测量值。结论:根据研究结果，三个为期十天的瑜伽运动计划和硫酸锌补充剂改善了原发性痛经。
{"title":"The Effect of Three Ten-Day Courses of Yoga Exercises and Zinc Sulfate Supplementation on Prostaglandin E in Non-athletic Young Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea","authors":"Amir Sarshin, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Mehdi Zargani, Sahar Sedighi, Mona Abdolhamid Tehrani, Foad Feizolahi","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is a common health problem in women of reproductive age, affecting the individual’s health, job performance, and quality of life. Objectives: This research investigated the effect of three ten-day yoga courses and zinc sulfate on primary dysmenorrhea in non-athlete girls. Methods: Forty-eight girls (18 to 25 years old) suffering from dysmenorrhea in Karaj participated in this clinical trial. Cluster sampling was used to select the subjects, and they were allocated to four groups: the placebo group, the yoga and placebo group, the zinc sulfate group, and the yoga and zinc sulfate group. Before the research, the serum levels of prostaglandin E were measured in the laboratory using the ELISA method. Then, the yoga training group (from the 22nd day of menstruation to the third day of bleeding for ten days, 45 minutes every day) performed yoga exercises. The exercise program of this research was five asanas. Also, yoga, stretching, strength training, and breathing and relaxation techniques were performed between the asanas training, which mainly involved the abdomen and lower back. Results: The results showed that yoga exercises and zinc sulfate supplementation significantly affected (decreased) the levels of prostaglandin E in non-athlete girls (F1,43 = 17.564, P = 0.001, η = 0.290). Also, exercise alone affected prostaglandin E levels significantly (P < 0.05) compared to other groups. However, the supplement alone did not influence prostaglandin E levels significantly (P > 0.05). In addition, exercises and zinc sulfate supplementation significantly affected anthropometric measures. Conclusions: According to the results, three ten-day yoga exercise programs and zinc sulfate supplements improved primary dysmenorrhea.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cyclops lesions or arthrofibrotic nodules of the knee, first described by Jackson and Schaefer, occur in the anterior aspect of the intercondylar notch. Arthroscopically, they appear as head-like fibrous lesions with reddish-blue discoloration areas and consist of a pedunculated nodule of fibrovascular proliferative tissue, with or without bone or cartilaginous tissue. The cyclops lesion is a localized arthrofibrotic nodule most commonly seen following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction but rare on posterior cruciate ligament injuries (PCL). In this study, we present a novel case of cyclops lesion from a minor PCL injury without laxity or previous surgery. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic complaining of mild knee pain, intermittent locking, and extension discomfort after minor trauma. These symptoms started 3 weeks prior, during his usual baseball activity. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intact ACL. Still, it had a partially injured PCL, a small suprapatellar effusion, and a cyclops lesion (2.4 × 3.4 × 2.5 cm) in the intercondylar notch of the femur, originating from the PCL. An arthroscopy confirmed and excised a cyclops lesion originating from the PCL. The microscopic findings included congested blood vessels of irregular-sized veins and hemorrhagic necrosis within the wavy ligament tissues, which confirmed its origin from the ligament tissue. After arthroscopic excision, the patient’s symptoms were relieved without laxity. Conclusions: While most of these lesions can be treated efficiently by arthroscopy, the differential diagnosis should be performed for unique cases with a lesion from minor PCL injury without laxity or previous surgery.
{"title":"Case Report: A Post-Traumatic Cyclops Lesion Arising from Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury with Loss of Extension","authors":"Hyun-Soo Ok, Sang-Jin Han, Yang-Seon Choi, Du-Bin Yang, Kyung-A Choi, Woo-Sung Kim","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-136107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-136107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cyclops lesions or arthrofibrotic nodules of the knee, first described by Jackson and Schaefer, occur in the anterior aspect of the intercondylar notch. Arthroscopically, they appear as head-like fibrous lesions with reddish-blue discoloration areas and consist of a pedunculated nodule of fibrovascular proliferative tissue, with or without bone or cartilaginous tissue. The cyclops lesion is a localized arthrofibrotic nodule most commonly seen following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction but rare on posterior cruciate ligament injuries (PCL). In this study, we present a novel case of cyclops lesion from a minor PCL injury without laxity or previous surgery. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old man visited the outpatient clinic complaining of mild knee pain, intermittent locking, and extension discomfort after minor trauma. These symptoms started 3 weeks prior, during his usual baseball activity. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intact ACL. Still, it had a partially injured PCL, a small suprapatellar effusion, and a cyclops lesion (2.4 × 3.4 × 2.5 cm) in the intercondylar notch of the femur, originating from the PCL. An arthroscopy confirmed and excised a cyclops lesion originating from the PCL. The microscopic findings included congested blood vessels of irregular-sized veins and hemorrhagic necrosis within the wavy ligament tissues, which confirmed its origin from the ligament tissue. After arthroscopic excision, the patient’s symptoms were relieved without laxity. Conclusions: While most of these lesions can be treated efficiently by arthroscopy, the differential diagnosis should be performed for unique cases with a lesion from minor PCL injury without laxity or previous surgery.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryota Sone, Keisei Kosaki, Rei Tahara, Koichi Watanabe, Koichiro Hayashi
Background: Excessive production of salivary nitric oxide (s-NO) is a risk factor for oral diseases such as Sjögren syndrome and periodontal disease. Although s-NO is known to be affected by exercise, it is unclear how the difference in exercise intensities affects the s-NO response. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different exercise intensities (high vs. low intensity) on s-NO production using a cross-over design. Methods: Five healthy male young adults (21.6 ± 0.9 years) performed two ergometer exercises for 30 min at different exercise intensities: 50% heart rate (HR)reserve (low-intensity condition) and 80% HRreserve (high-intensity condition). Saliva samples were collected before (pre) and after (post 0-h and post 1-h) exercises. Results: The s-NO concentration significantly increased (P < 0.05) after the high-intensity exercise (∆changes in post 0-h; +244 ± 53 µmol/L, post 1-h; +352 ± 58 µmol/L), but the s-NO concentration did not change after the low-intensity exercise (∆changes in post 0-h; +11 ± 37 µmol/L, post 1-h; +64 ± 69 µmol/L). Conclusions: This study reveals that s-NO production is dependent on exercise intensities, suggesting that low-intensity exercise can be possible without increasing the risk of oral diseases.
{"title":"Comparison of Low-Intensity and High-Intensity Exercise in Salivary Nitric Oxide Response: A Pilot Study","authors":"Ryota Sone, Keisei Kosaki, Rei Tahara, Koichi Watanabe, Koichiro Hayashi","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-129312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-129312","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Excessive production of salivary nitric oxide (s-NO) is a risk factor for oral diseases such as Sjögren syndrome and periodontal disease. Although s-NO is known to be affected by exercise, it is unclear how the difference in exercise intensities affects the s-NO response. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different exercise intensities (high vs. low intensity) on s-NO production using a cross-over design. Methods: Five healthy male young adults (21.6 ± 0.9 years) performed two ergometer exercises for 30 min at different exercise intensities: 50% heart rate (HR)reserve (low-intensity condition) and 80% HRreserve (high-intensity condition). Saliva samples were collected before (pre) and after (post 0-h and post 1-h) exercises. Results: The s-NO concentration significantly increased (P < 0.05) after the high-intensity exercise (∆changes in post 0-h; +244 ± 53 µmol/L, post 1-h; +352 ± 58 µmol/L), but the s-NO concentration did not change after the low-intensity exercise (∆changes in post 0-h; +11 ± 37 µmol/L, post 1-h; +64 ± 69 µmol/L). Conclusions: This study reveals that s-NO production is dependent on exercise intensities, suggesting that low-intensity exercise can be possible without increasing the risk of oral diseases.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahram Nazarpouri, Samantha Doralp, Abbas Bahram, Azadeh Sayarifard, Shima Haqqani
Background: Many developmental theories have mentioned the motivation to move as a motor driver and used it to explain how children acquire new movement patterns. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motivation to move and the development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) among urban and rural preschool children in Iran. Methods: The statistical population of this cross-sectional study included a sample of 4-6-year-old preschool children and their caregivers from Khorramabad urban and rural areas in Iran. A sample of 400 (202 from urban areas and 198 from rural areas) were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included the Children Movement Motivation Questionnaire (CMMQ) and Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition (TGMD-3). The Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-tests at a significance level of P < 0.05 were used to analyze the research data. Results: In both groups of children resident in urban and rural areas, a positive and significant relationship was observed between the CMMQ and TGMD-3. A significant difference was found between urban and rural children on scores of the CMMQ and TGMD-3, with rural children scoring higher on both. Conclusions: This work provides support for the link between motivation and motor development in children. Moreover, the child's environment also has an impact on both motivation and development. Both motivation and the child's environment should be considered when developing programs that support typical development or rehabilitation plans for children who are not developing typically.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Motivation to Move and the Development of Fundamental Movement Skills Among Urban and Rural Preschool Children in Iran","authors":"Shahram Nazarpouri, Samantha Doralp, Abbas Bahram, Azadeh Sayarifard, Shima Haqqani","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-123635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-123635","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many developmental theories have mentioned the motivation to move as a motor driver and used it to explain how children acquire new movement patterns. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motivation to move and the development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) among urban and rural preschool children in Iran. Methods: The statistical population of this cross-sectional study included a sample of 4-6-year-old preschool children and their caregivers from Khorramabad urban and rural areas in Iran. A sample of 400 (202 from urban areas and 198 from rural areas) were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included the Children Movement Motivation Questionnaire (CMMQ) and Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition (TGMD-3). The Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-tests at a significance level of P < 0.05 were used to analyze the research data. Results: In both groups of children resident in urban and rural areas, a positive and significant relationship was observed between the CMMQ and TGMD-3. A significant difference was found between urban and rural children on scores of the CMMQ and TGMD-3, with rural children scoring higher on both. Conclusions: This work provides support for the link between motivation and motor development in children. Moreover, the child's environment also has an impact on both motivation and development. Both motivation and the child's environment should be considered when developing programs that support typical development or rehabilitation plans for children who are not developing typically.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ishak, Fui Yen Wong, Catherine E. Beattie, E. Varamenti, Ragini Adhikari, C. Savoia, S. Cocking, S. Pullinger
Background: Studies assessing post-activation potentiation (PAP) responses comparing male and female athletes are conflicting. Objectives: This study investigated whether differences exist in the duration for optimal post-preload stimulus measures on performance in male and female team sport athletes. Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) participated in the study. Two familiarization sessions were conducted with each participant. Then, three experimental conditions were implemented, incorporating a standardized warm-up, followed by back squats (conditioning exercises) and varying passive recovery times of 4 min (PAP4), 8 min (PAP8), or 12 min (PAP12). Following the recovery, players performed three physical performance measures related to team sports: A countermovement jump, a modified agility t-test, and a 20-m linear sprint. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: All performance measures were significantly greater in PAP12 than in PAP4 and PAP8 conditions in both males (1.50 to 2.95%) and females (1.09 to 5.79%) (P < 0.05). The PAP12 condition also had significantly lower values for HR (3.18 to 5.15 beats.min-1; P < 0.0005) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (0.63 to 1.02; P < 0.05) than PAP8 and PAP4. Males performed better on all the performance tests (19.33 to 26.34%) compared to their female counterparts (P < 0.0005). Conclusions: A pre-load stimulus consisting of one set of 5 repetitions of back squat at 85% one-repetition maximum can elicit a PAP response. A 12-min passive rest after the pre-load stimulus was most beneficial in improving physical performance measures in both male and female team-sport athletes.
{"title":"Post-activation Potentiation: Effect of Recovery Duration and Gender on Countermovement Jump, Agility, and Linear Speed in Team-Sport Athletes","authors":"A. Ishak, Fui Yen Wong, Catherine E. Beattie, E. Varamenti, Ragini Adhikari, C. Savoia, S. Cocking, S. Pullinger","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-130974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-130974","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies assessing post-activation potentiation (PAP) responses comparing male and female athletes are conflicting. Objectives: This study investigated whether differences exist in the duration for optimal post-preload stimulus measures on performance in male and female team sport athletes. Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) participated in the study. Two familiarization sessions were conducted with each participant. Then, three experimental conditions were implemented, incorporating a standardized warm-up, followed by back squats (conditioning exercises) and varying passive recovery times of 4 min (PAP4), 8 min (PAP8), or 12 min (PAP12). Following the recovery, players performed three physical performance measures related to team sports: A countermovement jump, a modified agility t-test, and a 20-m linear sprint. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: All performance measures were significantly greater in PAP12 than in PAP4 and PAP8 conditions in both males (1.50 to 2.95%) and females (1.09 to 5.79%) (P < 0.05). The PAP12 condition also had significantly lower values for HR (3.18 to 5.15 beats.min-1; P < 0.0005) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (0.63 to 1.02; P < 0.05) than PAP8 and PAP4. Males performed better on all the performance tests (19.33 to 26.34%) compared to their female counterparts (P < 0.0005). Conclusions: A pre-load stimulus consisting of one set of 5 repetitions of back squat at 85% one-repetition maximum can elicit a PAP response. A 12-min passive rest after the pre-load stimulus was most beneficial in improving physical performance measures in both male and female team-sport athletes.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44260298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Anxiety is a psychological state of mind that affects skillful performance negatively or positively according to the type of anxiety and the way it is interpreted by the player, especially in individual games, such as badminton. On the other hand, the kinematic variables can better determine if players’ skill performance is successful. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of anxiety (if any) (including anxiety types trait and state) on overhead clear skill performance regarding some kinematic variables for badminton players. Methods: The study sample consisted of 61 beginner badminton players (with mean scores of age: 14.3 ± 1.2 years, mass: 51.20 ± 1.31 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.10 m, training period: 3.9 ± 1.3 years), distributed to 3 groups based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y questionnaire. The equivalence of these groups was calculated based on pre-test results, which were no anxiety, trait anxiety, and state anxiety. Results: The results showed that trait and state anxiety had negative effects on badminton players’ performance of overhead defensive clear shot skill in terms of some kinematic variables. The results also showed that the effect of trait anxiety was more negative than the effect of state anxiety. Conclusions: The researchers recommend having knowledge of the level, type, and extent of anxiety, including relevant effects on the performance of beginner badminton players in all physiological, motor, and biomechanical aspects, to develop psychological rehabilitation programs that deal with anxiety according to the type, which the player can overcome.
{"title":"Effect of Trait and State Anxiety on Overhead Defensive Clear Shot Skill Performance Regarding Some Kinematic Variables for Badminton Players","authors":"Ibtehal Alkhawaldeh, Moed Altarawneh","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-138373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-138373","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anxiety is a psychological state of mind that affects skillful performance negatively or positively according to the type of anxiety and the way it is interpreted by the player, especially in individual games, such as badminton. On the other hand, the kinematic variables can better determine if players’ skill performance is successful. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of anxiety (if any) (including anxiety types trait and state) on overhead clear skill performance regarding some kinematic variables for badminton players. Methods: The study sample consisted of 61 beginner badminton players (with mean scores of age: 14.3 ± 1.2 years, mass: 51.20 ± 1.31 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.10 m, training period: 3.9 ± 1.3 years), distributed to 3 groups based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y questionnaire. The equivalence of these groups was calculated based on pre-test results, which were no anxiety, trait anxiety, and state anxiety. Results: The results showed that trait and state anxiety had negative effects on badminton players’ performance of overhead defensive clear shot skill in terms of some kinematic variables. The results also showed that the effect of trait anxiety was more negative than the effect of state anxiety. Conclusions: The researchers recommend having knowledge of the level, type, and extent of anxiety, including relevant effects on the performance of beginner badminton players in all physiological, motor, and biomechanical aspects, to develop psychological rehabilitation programs that deal with anxiety according to the type, which the player can overcome.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41814897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuki Asai, J. Nakase, Rikuto Yoshimizu, M. Kimura, Tomoyuki Kanayama, Yusuke Yanatori, K. Kitaoka, Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Background: The training environment for handball, particularly for young athletes, was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 and 2020. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the training sessions, injury incidence, and injury prevention program participation of youth handball teams during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the barriers and factors influencing the motivation to perform such programs. Methods: This retrospective questionnaire-based cohort study included participants in the national handball championship in Japan in March 2021. The respondents included 48 coaches and 745 players from 66 teams. The coaches were asked questions about changes in the training time and intensity during the pandemic. The players were asked questions about barriers and motivational factors for performing the prevention exercises. Results: We found that 66.7% of the teams reduced their training time during the pandemic, while 45.8% reduced their training intensity. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, 91.7% of all teams experienced game cancellations, and player contact decreased in 33.3% of the teams. The main reason for not performing these exercises was a lack of knowledge on how to perform them correctly, as reported by 52.1% of the respondents. The main motivational factors were handball movement-related exercises (51.7%) and improved physical fitness (32.7%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the training sessions of Japanese youth handball teams in many ways. Education on correctly performing injury prevention program exercises is a key factor in maximizing the adoption of such programs. In addition, injury prevention exercises must be handball-specific to ensure that players are motivated to keep performing such exercises.
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Training Sessions of Young Japanese Handball Players: A Questionnaire-Based Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Kazuki Asai, J. Nakase, Rikuto Yoshimizu, M. Kimura, Tomoyuki Kanayama, Yusuke Yanatori, K. Kitaoka, Tsuchiya Hiroyuki","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-136774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-136774","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The training environment for handball, particularly for young athletes, was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 and 2020. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the training sessions, injury incidence, and injury prevention program participation of youth handball teams during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the barriers and factors influencing the motivation to perform such programs. Methods: This retrospective questionnaire-based cohort study included participants in the national handball championship in Japan in March 2021. The respondents included 48 coaches and 745 players from 66 teams. The coaches were asked questions about changes in the training time and intensity during the pandemic. The players were asked questions about barriers and motivational factors for performing the prevention exercises. Results: We found that 66.7% of the teams reduced their training time during the pandemic, while 45.8% reduced their training intensity. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, 91.7% of all teams experienced game cancellations, and player contact decreased in 33.3% of the teams. The main reason for not performing these exercises was a lack of knowledge on how to perform them correctly, as reported by 52.1% of the respondents. The main motivational factors were handball movement-related exercises (51.7%) and improved physical fitness (32.7%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the training sessions of Japanese youth handball teams in many ways. Education on correctly performing injury prevention program exercises is a key factor in maximizing the adoption of such programs. In addition, injury prevention exercises must be handball-specific to ensure that players are motivated to keep performing such exercises.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43435050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic shocked the globe unexpectedly, and the elite player community was no exception. The only weapon world had to defeat it was health protocols besides vaccines. However, were these protocols effective among professional soccer players? Are they useful for a further possible pandemic? Objectives: This study assessed how adhering to health protocol affects the player’s COVID-19 serology tests (IgG and IgM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, and symptoms. Methods: This study was performed on 321 professional football players from Iran Premier League during pre-season examinations. Players adhering to health protocols and COVID-19 symptoms were assessed through a questionnaire in the last 14 days and 6 months. Participants’ PCR tests and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM) were recorded. A P-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: Logistic regression results showed that PCR tests are 6.60 times more likely to be positive for players who often wore masks outside the camp than those who have always worn masks. On the other hand, for those who always wore a mask inside team camp, the chance of a positive IgG test was 0.17 compared to players who had never done that in the last 14 days. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in a pandemic, like COVID-19, despite negative PCR serology or having any symptoms, encouraging our professional athletes to wear masks and physical distancing of 6 feet outside the camp and at least doing these health protocols inside the team camp between training might be helpful. Other health protocols like hand hygiene might be recommended to elite football players like ordinary people. However, there is no need for extra emphasis, especially inside the team camp.
{"title":"COVID-19 Among Elite Soccer Players: Lessons Learned from Effectiveness of Health Protocols","authors":"Hooman Angoorani, Molood Jafari Fesharaki, Paniz Jahani, Marzieh Urumieh, Bita Zoghalchi, Soheila Masoudi","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-136919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-136919","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic shocked the globe unexpectedly, and the elite player community was no exception. The only weapon world had to defeat it was health protocols besides vaccines. However, were these protocols effective among professional soccer players? Are they useful for a further possible pandemic? Objectives: This study assessed how adhering to health protocol affects the player’s COVID-19 serology tests (IgG and IgM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, and symptoms. Methods: This study was performed on 321 professional football players from Iran Premier League during pre-season examinations. Players adhering to health protocols and COVID-19 symptoms were assessed through a questionnaire in the last 14 days and 6 months. Participants’ PCR tests and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and IgM) were recorded. A P-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: Logistic regression results showed that PCR tests are 6.60 times more likely to be positive for players who often wore masks outside the camp than those who have always worn masks. On the other hand, for those who always wore a mask inside team camp, the chance of a positive IgG test was 0.17 compared to players who had never done that in the last 14 days. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in a pandemic, like COVID-19, despite negative PCR serology or having any symptoms, encouraging our professional athletes to wear masks and physical distancing of 6 feet outside the camp and at least doing these health protocols inside the team camp between training might be helpful. Other health protocols like hand hygiene might be recommended to elite football players like ordinary people. However, there is no need for extra emphasis, especially inside the team camp.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44047891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morteza Barzegar Bafrouei, A. Barati, Mina Haghgighi
Background: Fatigue is one of the risk factors for injuy in sports. As a consequence of this phenomenon, the pain threshold is reduced in the soles of the feet, leading to the improper distribution and loading of forces, which can alter the mountaineers’ walking patterns and the skeletal structure of their feet, ultimately resulting in soft tissue damage, pain, falls, and even death. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the effect of fatigue on the pain threshold of the soles of the feet. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 35 mountaineers (age range = 20 - 35 years) were selected by non-random sampling method. In this research, a test was taken before and after an eight-kilometer mountaineering session at a moderate pace, and an algometer device was used to evaluate foot pain and pain threshold. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for statistical analysis of the normality of the data distribution, and the paired sample t-test was used for data evaluation and comparison. All statistical operations were carried out using SPSS software version 24, and the significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. Results: According to the results, fatigue reduces the pain threshold in the soles of the feet, with the greatest effect being observed in the central region of the heel and the second toe. Conclusions: The present research showed that fatigue could increase risk factors in mountaineers, hinder optimal performance, reduce the pain threshold in the soles of the feet, and increase pain sensitivity, which can affect the way of mountaineering and the pressure distribution in the soles, leading to increased risk of injuries, strains, sprains, and falls of mountaineers.
{"title":"The Effect of Fatigue on the Pain Threshold in the Soles of the Feet of Mountaineers Before and After a Mountaineering Session","authors":"Morteza Barzegar Bafrouei, A. Barati, Mina Haghgighi","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134651","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fatigue is one of the risk factors for injuy in sports. As a consequence of this phenomenon, the pain threshold is reduced in the soles of the feet, leading to the improper distribution and loading of forces, which can alter the mountaineers’ walking patterns and the skeletal structure of their feet, ultimately resulting in soft tissue damage, pain, falls, and even death. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the effect of fatigue on the pain threshold of the soles of the feet. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 35 mountaineers (age range = 20 - 35 years) were selected by non-random sampling method. In this research, a test was taken before and after an eight-kilometer mountaineering session at a moderate pace, and an algometer device was used to evaluate foot pain and pain threshold. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for statistical analysis of the normality of the data distribution, and the paired sample t-test was used for data evaluation and comparison. All statistical operations were carried out using SPSS software version 24, and the significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. Results: According to the results, fatigue reduces the pain threshold in the soles of the feet, with the greatest effect being observed in the central region of the heel and the second toe. Conclusions: The present research showed that fatigue could increase risk factors in mountaineers, hinder optimal performance, reduce the pain threshold in the soles of the feet, and increase pain sensitivity, which can affect the way of mountaineering and the pressure distribution in the soles, leading to increased risk of injuries, strains, sprains, and falls of mountaineers.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42863287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shariat, Faezeh Maleklou, P. Noormohammadpour, Mahnoosh Salari Nahand, I. Shaw, Shima Ghannadi, J. Cleland
{"title":"Lipoma as a Potential Delayed Side Effect of Anabolic Steroids Abuse in an Athlete","authors":"A. Shariat, Faezeh Maleklou, P. Noormohammadpour, Mahnoosh Salari Nahand, I. Shaw, Shima Ghannadi, J. Cleland","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-135737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-135737","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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