Biologia futura最新文献

Since the beginning of agriculture, humans have bestowed their skill on developing plant breeding capabilities and exploiting the potential of wild relatives. With the passage of time, few crops have received more attention than others, while many remain unexplored, like the genus Vigna. Vigna family members, being of short duration and adaptable to multiple cropping systems, offer some unique benefits. Possibilities of inter-specific cross further enhance the creation of novel genetic combinations and their transfer. In the present review, light has been shed on the origin, geographical distribution, inter-specific crosses studies conducted among the Vigna species, and potential donors for different abiotic stresses like salt, drought, cold, and heat. Further, the nutritional profile, pharmaceutical component and medicinal importance have also been reviewed. This review will provide the readers with an insight into the work conducted to date on several aspects of Vigna species.

The interaction between plants and their surrounding soil ecosystems is complex, with plant-soil feedback acting as legacy effects from previous plants, influencing subsequent plant growth and insect interactions. Recent studies have shown that experiments focusing on individual factors in isolation do not accurately predict the outcomes of these complex interactions. Aboveground herbivores impact the development of root exudates and their surrounding microbiome, suggesting that herbivory indirectly shapes belowground biotic communities. Such impact of insect herbivory on plant-soil feedback is a crucial area of ecological research. Most studies focus on root-associated organisms and their influence on foliar herbivorous insects, and little attention has been given to the reverse interaction-how foliar herbivory affects the soil environment and PSF. This study explores the bidirectional influence of herbivory and PSF, revealing that aboveground insect herbivory can significantly alter plant-soil feedback mechanisms, influencing not only plant performance but also the broader community structure. A holistic approach that integrates soil microbial complexity with insect herbivory is needed to better predict community-level outcomes and enhance plant protection strategies. Our study thus highlighted the need for a community-based perspective when studying interactions among plants, insects and soil microorganisms.

Seaweeds, diverse marine macroalgae, are vital for ecosystems, offering significant environmental, nutritional, and economic advantages. Categorized as green, red, or brown based on pigments, they are widely used in food, medicine, and cosmetics. China leads in cultivating approximately 18 species, and innovative farming methods, like integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and advanced offshore systems, are rapidly expanding global seaweed production. This expansion considerably boosts sustainable agriculture, bioenergy, and food security. While seaweeds deliver high-value proteins, vitamins, dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds, and enhance crucial ecosystem services, their sustainable cultivation faces challenges from environmental stressors like ocean warming and pollution. Addressing these requires adaptive strategies, such as selecting resilient species and implementing effective monitoring and management. Biotechnological advancements, including tissue culture, mutation and selective breeding, and genetic engineering techniques like promoter engineering and CRISPR-based gene editing, offer promising avenues to improve yield, stress tolerance, and biochemical profiles. This comprehensive review uniquely integrates seaweed farming practices, nutritional benefits, environmental impacts, and biotechnological innovations with technological applications such as remote sensing, computational fluid dynamics, and numerical modeling for environmental monitoring and agricultural management. By synthesizing these elements, this review promotes sustainable seaweed utilization to address global challenges in food, health, and climate change.

Proline, traditionally recognized as an osmoprotectant, has emerged as a multifunctional metabolite intricately involved in plant signaling and developmental regulation. Beyond its classical role in osmotic adjustment, proline modulates redox homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and metabolic reprogramming under stress conditions. Recent studies reveal its function as a signaling molecule that integrates stress perception with phytohormonal pathways such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and auxin. Proline also influences key developmental processes including root and shoot morphogenesis, floral induction, pollen fertility, embryogenesis, and seed maturation by coordinating redox cues and gene regulation. Furthermore, its participation in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and legume-rhizobia symbiosis underscores its role in plant immunity and microbe interactions. Advances in understanding proline transport, mitochondrial catabolism, and gene regulation highlight its centrality in linking metabolic and signaling networks. This review consolidates current insights into the expanding roles of proline in plant signaling and development, emphasizing its potential as a metabolic hub for improving stress resilience and growth optimization in crops.

Thermobifida alba DSM43795^T, a mesophilic actinobacterium isolated from garden soil, plays a vital role in lignocellulose degradation and holds biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential. We present a high-quality, complete de novo genome assembly of T. alba DSM43795^T using combined PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing, resulting in a single circular chromosome of 4.9 Mbp with 72.1% GC content. Comparative genomics with the thermophilic relative T. fusca YX revealed 83.39% average nucleotide identity and extensive genome synteny alongside niche-specific differences. Functional annotation identified 4345 genes, including a rich complement of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), esterases, and polysaccharide lyases, supporting versatile plant biomass degradation. GH gene sets were largely conserved between the species in both gene number and distribution, but T. alba uniquely encodes a novel GH10 endo-xylanase near a characterised palindrome regulatory sequence, indicating species-specific regulation. We hypothesise that thermophilic adaptation in T. fusca requires more proteins for ribosome integrity and amino acid metabolism, with reduced emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism and defence compared to T. alba. Moreover, T. alba harbours a broader array of defence-related genes and mobile genetic elements, including integrases and transposases. Although lacking a complete CRISPR-Cas system, two CRISPR arrays were detected, suggesting alternative immune strategies. Virulence factor homologs shared by both species likely reflect environmental survival rather than pathogenicity. This genomic characterisation elucidates T. alba's metabolic versatility and ecological adaptations, laying the groundwork for its potential applications in biomass conversion, environmental biotechnology, and drug discovery.

Iron (Fe) is an important mineral needed for plant growth and development. Calcareous (limey) soils cause decline in Fe availability leading to chlorosis in leaves. The correction of Fe chlorosis can be succeeded by the application organic acids. In the present study, we chelated Fe-citrate complex solution, compared with Fe-EDDHA fertilizer, and evaluated the effects of the Fe-citrate chelates on tomato under limey soil condition. The study was conducted in a controlled greenhouse. "Joker F1" cultivar tomato seedlings were used as the material. The seedlings were planted in the 4-L pots filled with mild calcareous soil (pH = 8, CaCO₃ = 10%). All applications, including Fe-citric acid complex, were applied to the roots of the plants (rhizosphere region) as irrigation water, starting with the planting of seedlings and once a week for 2 months. End of the study, many morphological and histological responses were evaluated. Fe accumulation in leaf, trichomes, and stomata was assessed as a Fe pool. Both glandular and non-glandular trichomes were visualized by SEM and light microscopes. Fe was accumulated in trichomes and stomata in Fe-citrate chelates and Fe-EDDHA-applied plants. Leaf cortical cell expansion was significantly increased by iron-citric acid chelates. Fe-citric acid chelates and Fe-EDDHA treatments improved plant growth. The experiment demonstrates that Fe accumulation in trichomes and stomata plays an important role in Fe distribution to leaves as a reservoir under Fe deficiency conditions.

The fauna of Lake Hévíz is unique due to its status as the world's only natural warm-water medicinal lake with a peat bed. A population of dwarf common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio morpha hungaricus) forms an isolated, self-sustaining community in the lake, adapted to extreme thermal and chemical conditions. During continuous research conducted since 2007, we identified a hermaphroditic individual for the first-time following sampling during the winter period in 2024. Macroscopic examination revealed testicular tissue distinguishable from ovarian tissue. Histological analysis indicated that the small-bodied fish were in a pre-spawning phase, with gonads displaying traits of simultaneous hermaphroditism. In addition was capable of producing mature eggs and sperm concurrently. According to both literature and our experimental findings, this individual may have been capable of self-fertilization. Further investigation is required to ascertain whether specific or combined suboptimal environmental factors and/or endocrine-disrupting chemicals contributed to the emergence of hermaphroditism in this individual.