Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.6001/BIOLOGIJA.V66I3.4308
Jana Radzijevskaja, Justina Snegiriovaitė, Artūras Kibiša., I. Ražanskė, A. Paulauskas
1 Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio g. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a bacterial pathogen, which is a major cause of zoonotic disease, anaplasmosis. The main vectors of A. phagocytophilum are ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. A. phagocytophilum has a broad geographic distribution and a high degree of biological and clinical diversity. Epidemiological studies in multiple countries have shown that the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum highly depends on the density of ticks and their potential hosts such as the cervids, which are one of the main sources of nutrition for Ixodes ticks. In Lithuania, the cervids are important game animals but their contribution as reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum remains unknown. The objectives of the study were to investigate the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infections in the cervids and feeding ticks and to characterize the A. phagocytophilum strains obtained from the cervids and ticks based on sequence analysis of msp4 gene. A total of 187 ticks were collected from 44 cervids (roe deer, red deer, and moose) harvested by professional hunters during the hunting seasons of 2010–2013 and 2016–2017 in Lithuania. Blood and spleen samples were collected from 29 animals (27 roe deer and two red deer). A. phagocytophilum DNA was identified in ten (37.04%) of the 27 roe deer. The overall prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks was 39.3% (70/178) and 22.2% (2/9) respectively. The sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of A. phagocytophilum revealed nine different sequence types: five msp4 sequence types were detected in ticks and seven in roe deer.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in the cervids and feeding ticks from Lithuania","authors":"Jana Radzijevskaja, Justina Snegiriovaitė, Artūras Kibiša., I. Ražanskė, A. Paulauskas","doi":"10.6001/BIOLOGIJA.V66I3.4308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/BIOLOGIJA.V66I3.4308","url":null,"abstract":"1 Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio g. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a bacterial pathogen, which is a major cause of zoonotic disease, anaplasmosis. The main vectors of A. phagocytophilum are ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. A. phagocytophilum has a broad geographic distribution and a high degree of biological and clinical diversity. Epidemiological studies in multiple countries have shown that the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum highly depends on the density of ticks and their potential hosts such as the cervids, which are one of the main sources of nutrition for Ixodes ticks. In Lithuania, the cervids are important game animals but their contribution as reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum remains unknown. The objectives of the study were to investigate the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infections in the cervids and feeding ticks and to characterize the A. phagocytophilum strains obtained from the cervids and ticks based on sequence analysis of msp4 gene. A total of 187 ticks were collected from 44 cervids (roe deer, red deer, and moose) harvested by professional hunters during the hunting seasons of 2010–2013 and 2016–2017 in Lithuania. Blood and spleen samples were collected from 29 animals (27 roe deer and two red deer). A. phagocytophilum DNA was identified in ten (37.04%) of the 27 roe deer. The overall prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks was 39.3% (70/178) and 22.2% (2/9) respectively. The sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of A. phagocytophilum revealed nine different sequence types: five msp4 sequence types were detected in ticks and seven in roe deer.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79974114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4255
S. Sutkuvienė, S. Sakalauskaite, Neringa Kuliešienė, L. Ragelienė, R. Daugelavičius
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania 10H-substituted phenothiazine and 9H-substituted carbazole derivatives are important because of a very wide range of applications and especially in medical chemistry due to their pharmacological activities. In this study, we synthesized 9H-alkylcarbazole and 10H-alkylphenothiazine derivatives with various lengths of alkyl chains and evaluated their antimicrobial and efflux inhibiting activities on the cells of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. Results of our study revealed that an increased length of alkyl chains of the carbazoles increased the accumulation of efflux indicator tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) ions. Cells of S. enterica efflux mutant ΔTolC had a considerable susceptibility to the synthesized compounds. The compounds exerted synergy with fluconazole against S. cerevisiae yeast. Efflux pump mutant ΔPdr5 was hypersensitive to the investigated carbazole and phenothiazine derivatives. The inhibitory effect of the compounds with a shorter alkyl chain (10-methyl-10H-phenothiazine and 9-methyl-9H-carbazole) was the highest for Candida albicans cells.
{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of synthesized 9H-alkylcarbazole and 10H-alkylphenothiazine derivatives on the cells of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans","authors":"S. Sutkuvienė, S. Sakalauskaite, Neringa Kuliešienė, L. Ragelienė, R. Daugelavičius","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4255","url":null,"abstract":"2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania 10H-substituted phenothiazine and 9H-substituted carbazole derivatives are important because of a very wide range of applications and especially in medical chemistry due to their pharmacological activities. In this study, we synthesized 9H-alkylcarbazole and 10H-alkylphenothiazine derivatives with various lengths of alkyl chains and evaluated their antimicrobial and efflux inhibiting activities on the cells of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. Results of our study revealed that an increased length of alkyl chains of the carbazoles increased the accumulation of efflux indicator tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) ions. Cells of S. enterica efflux mutant ΔTolC had a considerable susceptibility to the synthesized compounds. The compounds exerted synergy with fluconazole against S. cerevisiae yeast. Efflux pump mutant ΔPdr5 was hypersensitive to the investigated carbazole and phenothiazine derivatives. The inhibitory effect of the compounds with a shorter alkyl chain (10-methyl-10H-phenothiazine and 9-methyl-9H-carbazole) was the highest for Candida albicans cells.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82560101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4253
T. Kucher, Yu. I. Ovchinnikova
2 Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, 600-richya St. 21, Vinnytsia 21021, Ukraine Planning an ecological network requires special attention to the functionality of the created elements. Thus, in the case of the Vinnytsia Regional Ecological Network (REN), protection and restoration of typical landscape complexes are needed. The structure of the ecological network is branched, but heterogeneous; it is potentially capable of expansion and optimization. As the development of the REN of the Vinnytsia region is based on objects and territories of the Nature Reserve Fund (NRF), the structural and functional optimization of the eco-network requires optimization of the structure of the NRF. The purpose of the research is to study the spatial structure of the ecological network for the functional completeness and the effectiveness of ensuring the conservation of biodiversity. This paper analyses the structure and functions of the Vinnytsia REN, demonstrates dynamics of the formation of the NRF network and the distribution of protected objects among administrative regions, and proposes ways for its optimization. The results showed the necessity of a revision of the current structure and creation of new zoological and landscape reserves in order to improve the functional efficiency of the network. The results suggest paying more attention to providing multifunctionality to eco-network elements, as well as avoiding the creation of island objects.
2 Vasyl ' Stus顿涅茨克国立大学，600-richya St. 21, Vinnytsia 21021，乌克兰。规划生态网络需要特别注意创建元素的功能。因此，在文尼察区域生态网络(REN)中，需要对典型景观复合体进行保护和恢复。生态网络结构具有分支性，但又具有异质性;它具有扩展和优化的潜力。由于文尼察地区生态网络的发展是以自然保护区基金(NRF)的对象和领土为基础的，因此生态网络的结构和功能优化需要优化自然保护区的结构。研究的目的是研究生态网络的空间结构对生物多样性保护的功能完整性和有效性的保障。本文分析了文尼察网络的结构和功能，论证了NRF网络形成的动态和保护对象在行政区域间的分布，并提出了优化的途径。结果表明，有必要对现有结构进行修订，并建立新的生态和景观保护区，以提高网络的功能效率。结果表明，应更多地注意为生态网络元素提供多功能，并避免创建孤岛对象。
{"title":"Structural and functional analysis of the network of protected areas of the Vinnytsia region as the basis of a regional ecological network","authors":"T. Kucher, Yu. I. Ovchinnikova","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4253","url":null,"abstract":"2 Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, 600-richya St. 21, Vinnytsia 21021, Ukraine Planning an ecological network requires special attention to the functionality of the created elements. Thus, in the case of the Vinnytsia Regional Ecological Network (REN), protection and restoration of typical landscape complexes are needed. The structure of the ecological network is branched, but heterogeneous; it is potentially capable of expansion and optimization. As the development of the REN of the Vinnytsia region is based on objects and territories of the Nature Reserve Fund (NRF), the structural and functional optimization of the eco-network requires optimization of the structure of the NRF. The purpose of the research is to study the spatial structure of the ecological network for the functional completeness and the effectiveness of ensuring the conservation of biodiversity. This paper analyses the structure and functions of the Vinnytsia REN, demonstrates dynamics of the formation of the NRF network and the distribution of protected objects among administrative regions, and proposes ways for its optimization. The results showed the necessity of a revision of the current structure and creation of new zoological and landscape reserves in order to improve the functional efficiency of the network. The results suggest paying more attention to providing multifunctionality to eco-network elements, as well as avoiding the creation of island objects.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77720173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4258
A. Shelest, A. Velygodska, D. Kramarenko
3 Bogomolets National Medical University, 13 T. Shevchenko Blvd., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine This article provides information about the ways of increasing the biosynthetic activity of carotenoids by basidiomycetes Laetiporus sulphureus and searching for the most productive strain of L. sulphureus by using various light spectra. We explored the radial growth, biomass increase, and biosynthesis of carotenoids of L. sulphureus. Three strains of L. sulphureus were screened: Ls-0917, Ls-0918, and Ls-0919. They were isolated from wild plants. Surface cultivation was performed for observing the dynamics of biomass and carotenoid accumulation. The results demonstrated that certain modes of monochromatic irradiation of coherent light could increase radial carotenoid growth, biomass, and biosynthesis in mycelium and culture filtrate. We defined the most productive strains that had the greatest daily growth of mycelium. Furthermore, we discovered that observed cultures could accumulate carotenoids throughout the cultivation period.
{"title":"Influence of laser irradiation on the growth and biosynthetic indicators of basidiomycete strains of carotenoid synthesis","authors":"A. Shelest, A. Velygodska, D. Kramarenko","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4258","url":null,"abstract":"3 Bogomolets National Medical University, 13 T. Shevchenko Blvd., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine This article provides information about the ways of increasing the biosynthetic activity of carotenoids by basidiomycetes Laetiporus sulphureus and searching for the most productive strain of L. sulphureus by using various light spectra. We explored the radial growth, biomass increase, and biosynthesis of carotenoids of L. sulphureus. Three strains of L. sulphureus were screened: Ls-0917, Ls-0918, and Ls-0919. They were isolated from wild plants. Surface cultivation was performed for observing the dynamics of biomass and carotenoid accumulation. The results demonstrated that certain modes of monochromatic irradiation of coherent light could increase radial carotenoid growth, biomass, and biosynthesis in mycelium and culture filtrate. We defined the most productive strains that had the greatest daily growth of mycelium. Furthermore, we discovered that observed cultures could accumulate carotenoids throughout the cultivation period.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86322316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4254
Tomas Barkauskas, L. Griciuvienė, O. Belova, Nomeda Bratčikovienė
3 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio Av. 11, Vilnius 10223, Lithuania We assessed the effect of the investigated felling types on the abundance of the wild boar population in south Lithuania. The study was carried out in the southern part of Prienai forest, Punia pine forest, and Kalviai forest, all located in southern Lithuania. The data on the number of the wild boar population and the hunting dynamics were gathered from six hunting seasons, from 2008 to 2014. Our results highlighted that some types of felling had negative effects on the density of the wild boar population in south Lithuania. We observed that changes in the wild boar population were not only affected by the felling of the current year, but also by that of the previous year. Further analysis of data collected over a larger area is needed to check these findings.
3维尔纽斯Gediminas技术大学，Saulėtekio Av. 11，立陶宛维尔纽斯10223我们评估了所调查的砍伐类型对立陶宛南部野猪种群丰度的影响。这项研究是在位于立陶宛南部的Prienai森林、Punia松林和Kalviai森林的南部进行的。收集了2008 - 2014年6个狩猎季节的野猪种群数量和狩猎动态数据。我们的研究结果强调，某些类型的砍伐对立陶宛南部野猪种群密度有负面影响。我们观察到野猪种群的变化不仅受到当年砍伐的影响，也受到前一年砍伐的影响。需要对在更大范围内收集的数据进行进一步分析，以核实这些发现。
{"title":"Impact of forest management on wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in south Lithuania","authors":"Tomas Barkauskas, L. Griciuvienė, O. Belova, Nomeda Bratčikovienė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4254","url":null,"abstract":"3 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio Av. 11, Vilnius 10223, Lithuania We assessed the effect of the investigated felling types on the abundance of the wild boar population in south Lithuania. The study was carried out in the southern part of Prienai forest, Punia pine forest, and Kalviai forest, all located in southern Lithuania. The data on the number of the wild boar population and the hunting dynamics were gathered from six hunting seasons, from 2008 to 2014. Our results highlighted that some types of felling had negative effects on the density of the wild boar population in south Lithuania. We observed that changes in the wild boar population were not only affected by the felling of the current year, but also by that of the previous year. Further analysis of data collected over a larger area is needed to check these findings.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76978679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4256
Jana Radzijevskaja, Dovilė Tamoliūnaitė, Vytautas Sabūnas, A. Aleksandravičienė, A. Paulauskas
2 Linas Veterinary Clinic, Debreceno St. 5, Klaipėda 94175, Lithuania During the past decade, vector-borne diseases (VBDs) have been continuously spreading in Europe, including Lithuania. VBDs are caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses transmitted by the bite of hematophagous arthropods (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are a growing global threat. Since the majority of these diseases have a zoonotic potential, their management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Global warming and simplified rules for travelling with animal companions provide ideal conditions for the circulation and spreading of vector-borne pathogens in non-endemic geographical regions. Information on CVBD agents at the local and regional levels allows veterinarians to better recognize the pathogens that can affect dogs, thus facilitating diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and co-infection of mosquitoand tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs using molecular DNA analysis methods. Blood samples were collected from dogs presented at different veterinary clinics in six regions of Lithuania. A total of 100 blood samples from dogs suspected for canine babesiosis were screened for the presence of tick-borne pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp., Babesia canis and mosquito-borne pathogens Dirofilaria spp. Results of real-time PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of D. repens in 23.0%, A. phagocytophilum in 35.0%, Babesia spp. in 81.0%, and Borrelia spp. in 19.0% of examined dogs. Double, triple, or even quadruple co-infections were detected. The present study is the first investigation of multiple vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Lithuania using molecular detection methods. Our findings demonstrate a high infection rate of vector-borne pathogens in dogs and suggest that co-infections with anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis, and dirofilariosis in dogs are expected in Lithuania.
2 Linas兽医诊所，Debreceno St. 5, Klaipėda 94175，立陶宛在过去的十年中，媒介传播疾病(VBDs)在欧洲持续传播，包括立陶宛。VBDs是由嗜血节肢动物(主要是蜱虫和蚊子)叮咬传播的细菌、寄生虫或病毒引起的。犬媒介传播疾病(cvbd)是一个日益严重的全球威胁。由于这些疾病中的大多数具有人畜共患的潜力，因此它们的管理需要多学科方法。全球变暖和与动物同伴一起旅行的简化规则为病媒传播的病原体在非流行地理区域的传播和传播提供了理想条件。在地方和区域层面上关于CVBD病原体的信息使兽医能够更好地识别可能影响狗的病原体，从而促进诊断和治疗。采用分子DNA分析方法，调查家犬蚊媒和蜱媒病原体的流行情况及共感染情况。从立陶宛六个地区不同兽医诊所的狗身上采集了血液样本。对100份疑似犬巴贝斯虫病犬血样进行蜱传病原体吞噬细胞无原体、伯氏疏螺旋体、犬巴贝斯虫和蚊传病原体迪罗丝虫的检测，实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，检出的蜱传病原体有23.0%为repens, 35.0%为吞噬细胞疏螺旋体，81.0%为巴贝斯虫，19.0%为伯氏疏螺旋体。双重、三次甚至四次合并感染被发现。本研究是首次使用分子检测方法对立陶宛犬中多种媒介传播病原体进行调查。我们的研究结果表明犬中媒介传播病原体的感染率很高，并提示立陶宛犬中无形体病、疏螺旋体病、巴贝斯虫病和双丝虫病的合并感染预计将在立陶宛发生。
{"title":"Prevalence and co-infection of mosquito- and tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs suspected for canine babesiosis in Lithuania","authors":"Jana Radzijevskaja, Dovilė Tamoliūnaitė, Vytautas Sabūnas, A. Aleksandravičienė, A. Paulauskas","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4256","url":null,"abstract":"2 Linas Veterinary Clinic, Debreceno St. 5, Klaipėda 94175, Lithuania During the past decade, vector-borne diseases (VBDs) have been continuously spreading in Europe, including Lithuania. VBDs are caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses transmitted by the bite of hematophagous arthropods (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are a growing global threat. Since the majority of these diseases have a zoonotic potential, their management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Global warming and simplified rules for travelling with animal companions provide ideal conditions for the circulation and spreading of vector-borne pathogens in non-endemic geographical regions. Information on CVBD agents at the local and regional levels allows veterinarians to better recognize the pathogens that can affect dogs, thus facilitating diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and co-infection of mosquitoand tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs using molecular DNA analysis methods. Blood samples were collected from dogs presented at different veterinary clinics in six regions of Lithuania. A total of 100 blood samples from dogs suspected for canine babesiosis were screened for the presence of tick-borne pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp., Babesia canis and mosquito-borne pathogens Dirofilaria spp. Results of real-time PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of D. repens in 23.0%, A. phagocytophilum in 35.0%, Babesia spp. in 81.0%, and Borrelia spp. in 19.0% of examined dogs. Double, triple, or even quadruple co-infections were detected. The present study is the first investigation of multiple vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Lithuania using molecular detection methods. Our findings demonstrate a high infection rate of vector-borne pathogens in dogs and suggest that co-infections with anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis, and dirofilariosis in dogs are expected in Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77089792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4257
Regina Losinska-Sičiūnienė, R. Stanevičienė, D. Švėgždienė
Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania The gravity of the Earth (1g) and phototropic active components of the light spectrum are the stimuli regulating the directional growth of plants. In this study, the role of combined light and gravity effects on plant leaves (Lepidium sativum L.) was tested. Treatment with UVA (370 nm) or UVA combined with blue light together with the gravity in the slow clinostat (clinorotated 3 rpm), or Earth’s gravity (1g), was applied. A custom-built clinostat with LEDs allowed unidirectional illumination of cress leaves. UVA or UVA with blue light was directed laterally at cress leaves for a 3 h exposure. Responses of cotyledons and true leaves, both under 1g and clinorotation conditions, were compared. The obtained data show that UVA (370 nm) suppresses the elongation of cotyledons and true leaves under changed gravity of the Earth. Clinorotation suppresses the growth of cotyledons but not of the true leaves under UVA with blue light. Comparison of leaf phototropism induced by different illuminations under1g and changed gravity conditions revealed that phototropism was induced by clinorotation but suppressed by Earth’s gravity. Phototropic responses of true leaves under clinorotation were stronger than those of cotyledons.
{"title":"Effects of UVA and its simultaneous action with blue light on the growth and phototropism of cress leaves under various gravity conditions","authors":"Regina Losinska-Sičiūnienė, R. Stanevičienė, D. Švėgždienė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i2.4257","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania The gravity of the Earth (1g) and phototropic active components of the light spectrum are the stimuli regulating the directional growth of plants. In this study, the role of combined light and gravity effects on plant leaves (Lepidium sativum L.) was tested. Treatment with UVA (370 nm) or UVA combined with blue light together with the gravity in the slow clinostat (clinorotated 3 rpm), or Earth’s gravity (1g), was applied. A custom-built clinostat with LEDs allowed unidirectional illumination of cress leaves. UVA or UVA with blue light was directed laterally at cress leaves for a 3 h exposure. Responses of cotyledons and true leaves, both under 1g and clinorotation conditions, were compared. The obtained data show that UVA (370 nm) suppresses the elongation of cotyledons and true leaves under changed gravity of the Earth. Clinorotation suppresses the growth of cotyledons but not of the true leaves under UVA with blue light. Comparison of leaf phototropism induced by different illuminations under1g and changed gravity conditions revealed that phototropism was induced by clinorotation but suppressed by Earth’s gravity. Phototropic responses of true leaves under clinorotation were stronger than those of cotyledons.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74208206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4185
G. Kopij
2 Department of Integrated Environmental Science, Ogongo Campus, University of Namibia, Private Bag 5520 Oshakati, Namibia A simplified mapping method was employed to quantify avian assemblages in three study plots in a modified riparian forest on the Zambezi River in the town of Katima Mulilo, NE Namibia. The plots were arranged along the urbanization gradient: plot A (34 ha; 0–1 km from centre of the town), plot B (27 ha; 1–2 km from the centre), and plot C (24 ha; 2–3 km from the centre; periphery). In total, 51 breeding bird species were recorded in all three plots. Five of them, Columba livia domestica, Passer diffusus, Pycnonotus tricolor, Streptopelia senegalensis, and Uraeginthus angolensis were classified as dominant species. The cumulative dominance was 69.9%. The overall population density of all breeding species increased with the urban gradient. In general, granivorous birds were by far the most numerous feeding guild comprising 68.7% of all breeding birds. Two other guilds, frugivorous and insectivorous birds, together comprised 28.9%. While the proportion of granivores decreased along the urban gradient from the town centre to its periphery, the proportion of insectivores increased. The proportion of birds nesting in/on buildings decreased, and the share of tree/shruband hole-nesting birds increased along the urban gradient. The diversity indices were relatively high in all plots. They decreased only slightly along the urban gradient (from the centre to the periphery). However, the Pielou’s Evenness Index was comparatively low, but on a slight increase along the urbanization gradient. The Sorensen Similarity Index was low, but the values of the three studied plots were very similar.
{"title":"Structure of the breeding bird community along the urban gradient in a town on the Zambezi River, north-eastern Namibia","authors":"G. Kopij","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4185","url":null,"abstract":"2 Department of Integrated Environmental Science, Ogongo Campus, University of Namibia, Private Bag 5520 Oshakati, Namibia A simplified mapping method was employed to quantify avian assemblages in three study plots in a modified riparian forest on the Zambezi River in the town of Katima Mulilo, NE Namibia. The plots were arranged along the urbanization gradient: plot A (34 ha; 0–1 km from centre of the town), plot B (27 ha; 1–2 km from the centre), and plot C (24 ha; 2–3 km from the centre; periphery). In total, 51 breeding bird species were recorded in all three plots. Five of them, Columba livia domestica, Passer diffusus, Pycnonotus tricolor, Streptopelia senegalensis, and Uraeginthus angolensis were classified as dominant species. The cumulative dominance was 69.9%. The overall population density of all breeding species increased with the urban gradient. In general, granivorous birds were by far the most numerous feeding guild comprising 68.7% of all breeding birds. Two other guilds, frugivorous and insectivorous birds, together comprised 28.9%. While the proportion of granivores decreased along the urban gradient from the town centre to its periphery, the proportion of insectivores increased. The proportion of birds nesting in/on buildings decreased, and the share of tree/shruband hole-nesting birds increased along the urban gradient. The diversity indices were relatively high in all plots. They decreased only slightly along the urban gradient (from the centre to the periphery). However, the Pielou’s Evenness Index was comparatively low, but on a slight increase along the urbanization gradient. The Sorensen Similarity Index was low, but the values of the three studied plots were very similar.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89446868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4188
O. Danchenko, Олена Олександрівна Данченко, Елена Александровна Данченко, Liubov Zdorovtseva, Любов Миколаївна Здоровцева, Любовь Николаевна Здоровцева, O. Vishchur, О. Koshelev, Tetiana Halko, M. Danchenko, Микола Миколайович Данченко, Николай Николаевич Данченко, Y. Nikolayeva, Daniil Maiboroda, Данііл Олександрович Майборода, Даниил Александрович Майборода
3 Institute of Animal Biology of NAAS, 38 V. Stusa St., Lviv 79034, Ukraine Feeding natural antioxidant supplements to animals and birds has multiple advantages over traditional synthetic vitamins of the antioxidant group. This study investigated the effect of the Avena satíva extract on the antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of liver tissues, the brain, and skeletal muscles of geese, live weight dynamics, and pterylographic parameters during physiological stress of formation of contour and juvenile feathers. It is confirmed that adding oat extract to the geese diet during physiological stress increases tissue antioxidant activity. It was established that during the formation of contour feathers (day 28), the voltage of the antioxidant system is significantly weakened by the action of the extract due to selective inhibition of the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular oleic. The synthesis of palmitic and stearic acids is activated. The oat extract caused the most remarkable changes in liver tissues. The subsequent period of formation of juvenile feathers (49 days) is characterized by equalization of the composition of fatty acids in the control and experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, the mass of the geese of the experimental group increased by 17.9% and their pterylographic parameters improved.
{"title":"Extract of oats as a modulator of fatty acid composition of geese tissues in the conditions of physiological stress","authors":"O. Danchenko, Олена Олександрівна Данченко, Елена Александровна Данченко, Liubov Zdorovtseva, Любов Миколаївна Здоровцева, Любовь Николаевна Здоровцева, O. Vishchur, О. Koshelev, Tetiana Halko, M. Danchenko, Микола Миколайович Данченко, Николай Николаевич Данченко, Y. Nikolayeva, Daniil Maiboroda, Данііл Олександрович Майборода, Даниил Александрович Майборода","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4188","url":null,"abstract":"3 Institute of Animal Biology of NAAS, 38 V. Stusa St., Lviv 79034, Ukraine Feeding natural antioxidant supplements to animals and birds has multiple advantages over traditional synthetic vitamins of the antioxidant group. This study investigated the effect of the Avena satíva extract on the antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of liver tissues, the brain, and skeletal muscles of geese, live weight dynamics, and pterylographic parameters during physiological stress of formation of contour and juvenile feathers. It is confirmed that adding oat extract to the geese diet during physiological stress increases tissue antioxidant activity. It was established that during the formation of contour feathers (day 28), the voltage of the antioxidant system is significantly weakened by the action of the extract due to selective inhibition of the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular oleic. The synthesis of palmitic and stearic acids is activated. The oat extract caused the most remarkable changes in liver tissues. The subsequent period of formation of juvenile feathers (49 days) is characterized by equalization of the composition of fatty acids in the control and experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, the mass of the geese of the experimental group increased by 17.9% and their pterylographic parameters improved.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"20 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89061167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186
Adam Klasiński, J. R. Stonis, A. Remeikis
2 Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre and Baltic-American Biotaxonomy Institute, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania We describe a new species, Tischeria caucasica Klasiński & Stonis, sp. nov., a trumpet moth (Tischeridae) recently discovered from Georgia, the Caucasus. We briefly discuss the diagnostics of T. caucasica, an outstanding new species possessing an extremely long and distally bifurcated juxta. The new species is illustrated with photographs of the adults, male and female genitalia, and the type locality.
{"title":"Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus","authors":"Adam Klasiński, J. R. Stonis, A. Remeikis","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186","url":null,"abstract":"2 Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre and Baltic-American Biotaxonomy Institute, Akademijos St. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania We describe a new species, Tischeria caucasica Klasiński & Stonis, sp. nov., a trumpet moth (Tischeridae) recently discovered from Georgia, the Caucasus. We briefly discuss the diagnostics of T. caucasica, an outstanding new species possessing an extremely long and distally bifurcated juxta. The new species is illustrated with photographs of the adults, male and female genitalia, and the type locality.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"50 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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