This experiment was carried out to create a biomaterial with mycelium as its main component and binding part. The main object of this research was mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus. Various substrates were used for mycelium growing: buckwheat husks, onion husks, garlic husks, coconut husk substrate, coffee grounds, birch sawdust, wheat grains, ground wheat, hemp husks, rock wool, and polystyrene. These different substrates and materials were mixed with the mycelium culture and grown for at least three months, with growth monitored weekly. The blocks of grown biomaterial were dried and tested for properties such as water absorption, moisture content, and biodegradation. The conducted studies showed that mycelium can successfully colonise and grow on different substrates, forming biomaterials with different properties. The choice of substrate influenced the physical characteristics of the obtained biomaterials. Mycelium can be used as a sustainable alternative for the production of various biomaterials. The results of this study add to the knowledge in the field of mycelium-based biomaterials and open the way for further research and development of this promising technology.
{"title":"Production of mycelium-based biomaterial using various substrates","authors":"Sanmugavel Saravana, Irma Ražanskė, Vykintas Baublys, Vaida Tubelytė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.2023.69.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.2023.69.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was carried out to create a biomaterial with mycelium as its main component and binding part. The main object of this research was mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus. Various substrates were used for mycelium growing: buckwheat husks, onion husks, garlic husks, coconut husk substrate, coffee grounds, birch sawdust, wheat grains, ground wheat, hemp husks, rock wool, and polystyrene. These different substrates and materials were mixed with the mycelium culture and grown for at least three months, with growth monitored weekly. The blocks of grown biomaterial were dried and tested for properties such as water absorption, moisture content, and biodegradation. The conducted studies showed that mycelium can successfully colonise and grow on different substrates, forming biomaterials with different properties. The choice of substrate influenced the physical characteristics of the obtained biomaterials. Mycelium can be used as a sustainable alternative for the production of various biomaterials. The results of this study add to the knowledge in the field of mycelium-based biomaterials and open the way for further research and development of this promising technology.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136071429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.1
M. Janmohammadi, N. Sabaghnia
Climate change is one of the most common challenges in semiarid regions, which are affected by such constraints as drought, heat stress, and decreased soil fertility. The most important consequences of climate change – rising temperature, decreasing rainfall, and deteriorating quality of some crops – are studied in detail in this review. The main future climate scenarios in semiarid regions include decreased precipitation with highly irregular and unpredictable distribution patterns, with most rainfall concentrated over winter months, prolonged dry spells, early heat stress, exacerbation of edaphic constraints such as reduced soil moisture content, reduced soil organic matter, reduced soil biodiversity, reduced critical nutrient availability, and, ultimately, fewer crop yields. Due to the moisture and soil constraints caused by climate change, the cropping system, crop succession, and soil tillage techniques will need a major overhaul, and this requires modifying soil management and fertilisation, design of some new agro-climatic zoning, including neglected and underutilised crop species in rotations, optimised sowing time windows, expanded irrigation, design of multi-functional cropping systems, conservation agriculture, some changes in agricultural equipment, and the use of climate-smart agriculture practices. Rising carbon dioxide concentrations will decrease nitrogen metabolism by reducing photorespiration, and this reduces the protein content of the grain and worsens the quality of the staple crops. Selection of climate-smart varieties, application of agro-inputs at the right time, right place, and right amount (precision agriculture), and the use of leading technologies such as nano for designing the smart fertiliser should be considered to overcome the adverse effects of climate anomalies.
{"title":"Strategies to alleviate the unusual effects of climate change on crop production: a thirsty and warm future, low crop quality. A review","authors":"M. Janmohammadi, N. Sabaghnia","doi":"10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the most common challenges in semiarid regions, which are affected by such constraints as drought, heat stress, and decreased soil fertility. The most important consequences of climate change – rising temperature, decreasing rainfall, and deteriorating quality of some crops – are studied in detail in this review. The main future climate scenarios in semiarid regions include decreased precipitation with highly irregular and unpredictable distribution patterns, with most rainfall concentrated over winter months, prolonged dry spells, early heat stress, exacerbation of edaphic constraints such as reduced soil moisture content, reduced soil organic matter, reduced soil biodiversity, reduced critical nutrient availability, and, ultimately, fewer crop yields. Due to the moisture and soil constraints caused by climate change, the cropping system, crop succession, and soil tillage techniques will need a major overhaul, and this requires modifying soil management and fertilisation, design of some new agro-climatic zoning, including neglected and underutilised crop species in rotations, optimised sowing time windows, expanded irrigation, design of multi-functional cropping systems, conservation agriculture, some changes in agricultural equipment, and the use of climate-smart agriculture practices. Rising carbon dioxide concentrations will decrease nitrogen metabolism by reducing photorespiration, and this reduces the protein content of the grain and worsens the quality of the staple crops. Selection of climate-smart varieties, application of agro-inputs at the right time, right place, and right amount (precision agriculture), and the use of leading technologies such as nano for designing the smart fertiliser should be considered to overcome the adverse effects of climate anomalies.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.2
I. Januškaitienė
Extreme climatic events, which have become more common, more intense, and more frequent, threatencrop productivity and food security. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of Medicago sativa L. under regulated environment and recurrent heat waves stress effect. Plants were grown in pots. Two four-day heat waves (35/28°C day/night temperature) were simulated simultaneously with drought (10% soil moisture). Each four-day heat wave was followed by a five-day recovery period. Measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were taken on the last, fourth, day of the exposure of each heat wave and after each recovery period. Results of this study showed that both the first and second heat waves significantly reduced the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. During the second heat wave, the negative effects persisted, but were already weaker. The same pattern of change wasfound for the performance index (PIABS). PIABS decreased by 54.0% and 46.8% during the first and second heat waves, respectively, compared to controls (p < 0.05). Despite the increase in absorbed and trapped energy due to the effect of the heat waves, the electron transport rate from QA to QB in the plants exposed to heat waves was not followed by an increase. The above-mentioned changes in the viability of the photosystem may have been caused by a decrease in the density of the active reaction centers (RC/CSo) and an increase in the amount of dissociated energy (DIo/CSo). After the second recovery period, the RC/CSo in heat and drought stressed plants was equal to that of control plants, which resulted in lower energy waste in the form of heat (DIo/CSo).
{"title":"The second heat wave leads to changes in the efficiency of alfalfa’s photosynthetic energy use","authors":"I. Januškaitienė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme climatic events, which have become more common, more intense, and more frequent, threatencrop productivity and food security. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of Medicago sativa L. under regulated environment and recurrent heat waves stress effect. Plants were grown in pots. Two four-day heat waves (35/28°C day/night temperature) were simulated simultaneously with drought (10% soil moisture). Each four-day heat wave was followed by a five-day recovery period. Measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were taken on the last, fourth, day of the exposure of each heat wave and after each recovery period. Results of this study showed that both the first and second heat waves significantly reduced the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. During the second heat wave, the negative effects persisted, but were already weaker. The same pattern of change wasfound for the performance index (PIABS). PIABS decreased by 54.0% and 46.8% during the first and second heat waves, respectively, compared to controls (p < 0.05). Despite the increase in absorbed and trapped energy due to the effect of the heat waves, the electron transport rate from QA to QB in the plants exposed to heat waves was not followed by an increase. The above-mentioned changes in the viability of the photosystem may have been caused by a decrease in the density of the active reaction centers (RC/CSo) and an increase in the amount of dissociated energy (DIo/CSo). After the second recovery period, the RC/CSo in heat and drought stressed plants was equal to that of control plants, which resulted in lower energy waste in the form of heat (DIo/CSo).","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85429427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.4
I. Lipatova, Ieva Kulnickaitė, Živilė Jacikė, Ieva Korsakovė
The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of H. pylori infection in adult patients in Kaunas, Lithuania, and to assess the dependence of H. pylori infection on sex, age, and seasonality. A total of 5799 patients were tested for the presence of H. pylori by ELISA. Three different tests were used: IgA and IgG antibodies against H. pylori from blood serum and antigens of H. pylori from faeces. The results revealed that the frequency of H. pylori infection varied depending on the test (31.8% for IgG, 16.7% for IgA, and 22.9% for antigens test). No significant association between sex, season, and the prevalence of H. pylori was observed. However, our findings indicate a significant increase in the prevalence of H. pylori infection with age. This study is the first report about the impact of sex, age, and season on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Lithuania.
{"title":"The impact of sex, age, and season on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Lithuania","authors":"I. Lipatova, Ieva Kulnickaitė, Živilė Jacikė, Ieva Korsakovė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of H. pylori infection in adult patients in Kaunas, Lithuania, and to assess the dependence of H. pylori infection on sex, age, and seasonality. A total of 5799 patients were tested for the presence of H. pylori by ELISA. Three different tests were used: IgA and IgG antibodies against H. pylori from blood serum and antigens of H. pylori from faeces. The results revealed that the frequency of H. pylori infection varied depending on the test (31.8% for IgG, 16.7% for IgA, and 22.9% for antigens test). No significant association between sex, season, and the prevalence of H. pylori was observed. However, our findings indicate a significant increase in the prevalence of H. pylori infection with age. This study is the first report about the impact of sex, age, and season on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"15 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80200464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.3
Rasa Žolynaitė, S. Pocius, L. Česonienė
Agriculture and its methods of operation constantly influence the quality of water of surface water bodies. It was established in 2021 that in Lithuania, 63% of water bodies of the river and 64% of the lake categories are classified as risk water bodies and do not meet the good condition criteria. One of the main factors leading to the deterioration of the condition of surface water bodies is the continuing and increasing diffuse pollution, mainly from agricultural activities, together with pollution from agriculture; also, the condition in some water bodies deteriorates because of concentrated pollution, persistent effects of hydromorphological changes in surface water bodies, natural processes, and changing climatic conditions. This study aimed to determine the degree at which the ecological method of agricultural production affects the nearby surface water bodies. The obtained results show that the larger the area of organic farms from the entire area of the nutrient basin of a lake, the lower the values of biochemical oxygen consumption, total phosphorus, phosphate phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations. The ecological method of agricultural production has a positive effect on the condition of surface water bodies.
{"title":"Influence of organic agricultural production on the condition of surface water","authors":"Rasa Žolynaitė, S. Pocius, L. Česonienė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.2023.69.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture and its methods of operation constantly influence the quality of water of surface water bodies. It was established in 2021 that in Lithuania, 63% of water bodies of the river and 64% of the lake categories are classified as risk water bodies and do not meet the good condition criteria. One of the main factors leading to the deterioration of the condition of surface water bodies is the continuing and increasing diffuse pollution, mainly from agricultural activities, together with pollution from agriculture; also, the condition in some water bodies deteriorates because of concentrated pollution, persistent effects of hydromorphological changes in surface water bodies, natural processes, and changing climatic conditions. This study aimed to determine the degree at which the ecological method of agricultural production affects the nearby surface water bodies. The obtained results show that the larger the area of organic farms from the entire area of the nutrient basin of a lake, the lower the values of biochemical oxygen consumption, total phosphorus, phosphate phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations. The ecological method of agricultural production has a positive effect on the condition of surface water bodies.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.6001/biologija.2023.69.1.1
G. Kopij
A bird community was quantified in the suburb of Olympia (200 ha) in the city of Windhoek, Namibia. Two years (2014 and 2020) were selected to examine the impact of rainfall and sub- urb development on species diversity and population densities of the selected bird species in this community. The total amount of rainfall in Windhoek in 2014 was much higher than in 2020 (475 mm and 275 mm, respectively). In total, 36 breeding bird species were recorded in the study area in 2014 and 2020: 27 spe- cies in 2014 and 31 species in 2020. The number of species com- mon in 2014 and 2020 was 17. The Sörensen’s Similarity Index was therefore rather low (0.59). In overall, population density of 25 selected bird species was much higher in 2020 than in 2014. Population densities of the Laughing Dove, the Southern Masked Weaver, and Chestnut-vented Warbler in 2014 and 2020 were statistically different, whereas population densities of the Red- headed Finch were similar in both years compared. The breeding bird community in Olympia suburb does not ap- pear to be stable over years, both in regard to species composition and population densities of particular species. This instability may be linked to constant property development of this suburb and around it. Olympia suburb borders on the periphery of the city, which is a savanna slowly transformed into another suburb. Un- der drought conditions, some species from these surroundings may be attracted to the suburbs by water and food. Hence, con- trary to expectation, densities of some species in the suburbs in the year with low rainfall are higher.
{"title":"Effect of rainfall on the structure and population densities of birds breeding in a suburb of Windhoek, Namibia","authors":"G. Kopij","doi":"10.6001/biologija.2023.69.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.2023.69.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"A bird community was quantified in the suburb of Olympia (200 ha) in the city of Windhoek, Namibia. Two years (2014 and 2020) were selected to examine the impact of rainfall and sub- urb development on species diversity and population densities of the selected bird species in this community. The total amount of rainfall in Windhoek in 2014 was much higher than in 2020 (475 mm and 275 mm, respectively). In total, 36 breeding bird species were recorded in the study area in 2014 and 2020: 27 spe- cies in 2014 and 31 species in 2020. The number of species com- mon in 2014 and 2020 was 17. The Sörensen’s Similarity Index was therefore rather low (0.59). In overall, population density of 25 selected bird species was much higher in 2020 than in 2014. Population densities of the Laughing Dove, the Southern Masked Weaver, and Chestnut-vented Warbler in 2014 and 2020 were statistically different, whereas population densities of the Red- headed Finch were similar in both years compared. \u0000The breeding bird community in Olympia suburb does not ap- pear to be stable over years, both in regard to species composition and population densities of particular species. This instability may be linked to constant property development of this suburb and around it. Olympia suburb borders on the periphery of the city, which is a savanna slowly transformed into another suburb. Un- der drought conditions, some species from these surroundings may be attracted to the suburbs by water and food. Hence, con- trary to expectation, densities of some species in the suburbs in the year with low rainfall are higher.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89874441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.6001/biologija.2023.69.1.2
Olena Tomarevska, Z. Boiarska, O. Poliakov
Reliable determination of metabolic and physical activity pa- rameters and influences of blood pressure indicators is relevant in the development of rehabilitation training programmes for people of all ages, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pan- demic and the aging of the working population. The purpose of the study was to determine reliable parameters that were shaping general health during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in the age- related aspect. This study used the results of comprehensive health monitoring data of 603 adults aged 20–89 from the Human Health Passport online tool (Ukraine) for the period of 2020–2022. On- line health monitoring showed the consequences of mild forms of COVID-19 disease. The main indicators informing about this effect were the laboratory-method indicator for confirming a viral disease and the number of cases of mild forms of the dis- ease. The indirect influence of this factor on various indicators of health, physical activity, metabolism, indicators of blood pressure compensation should also be considered. As for the age aspect, the state of health had a higher influence on the indicators of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and its correction with drugs, the daily walking distance and exercises performed, and a danger- ous loss of appetite. A noticeable drop in body weight and loss of appetite are reliable factors in the incidence of falls and decline in health. The leading factors shaping the health of the active popu- lation in mild forms of COVID-19 are physical activity (7.77%), metabolism (5.91%), and the blood pressure level (5.21%).
{"title":"Monitoring of training activity as a determinant of people’s health in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis","authors":"Olena Tomarevska, Z. Boiarska, O. Poliakov","doi":"10.6001/biologija.2023.69.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.2023.69.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable determination of metabolic and physical activity pa- rameters and influences of blood pressure indicators is relevant in the development of rehabilitation training programmes for people of all ages, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pan- demic and the aging of the working population. The purpose of the study was to determine reliable parameters that were shaping general health during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in the age- related aspect. This study used the results of comprehensive health monitoring data of 603 adults aged 20–89 from the Human Health Passport online tool (Ukraine) for the period of 2020–2022. On- line health monitoring showed the consequences of mild forms of COVID-19 disease. The main indicators informing about this effect were the laboratory-method indicator for confirming a viral disease and the number of cases of mild forms of the dis- ease. The indirect influence of this factor on various indicators of health, physical activity, metabolism, indicators of blood pressure compensation should also be considered. As for the age aspect, the state of health had a higher influence on the indicators of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and its correction with drugs, the daily walking distance and exercises performed, and a danger- ous loss of appetite. A noticeable drop in body weight and loss of appetite are reliable factors in the incidence of falls and decline in health. The leading factors shaping the health of the active popu- lation in mild forms of COVID-19 are physical activity (7.77%), metabolism (5.91%), and the blood pressure level (5.21%).","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87517791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4836
Adedolapo Abeke Ayoade, Halimah Adewumi Adeyemi
Many human activities that have an effect on water quality and aquatic health are increasing along Eleyele Lake, which is a vital resource for domestic water supply and fishery in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. This study provides information on the composition of macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates (which are bioindicators) in association with physicochemical parameters in Eleyele Lake. Water, macrophytes, and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from four stations monthly from March to August 2021 and analysed using standard methods. The relationship between the measured physicochemical variables, macrophytes, and the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate was explored using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The encountered macrophytes represented 19 species (11 emergent, six floating and two submerged) in 16 genera and 12 families. The most abundant species was Ipomea aquatica (25.83%) in station 2 and Sacciolepsis africana (19.19%) in station 1. A total of 282 benthic macroinvertebrate individuals belonging to three phyla, four classes, 11 genera, and 11 species were encountered. Pollution indicator species including Melanoides tuberculata, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Chironomus larvae observed in all the sampling stations were the dominant species. The CCA indicated that the abundance of macrophytes correlated with depth and nutrient factors (mostly phosphate). The result of the CCA showed the abundance of Chironomus larvae being patterned by dissolved oxygen and nutrient factors (phosphate, nitrate, and sulphate). These further confirmed the polluted status of Eleyele Lake, especially by nutrient enrichment. The dominant macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates in Eleyele Lake are pollution-tolerant species and the lake has been impacted by nutrient enrichment.
{"title":"Composition, distribution, and diversity of macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Eleyele Lake, southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Adedolapo Abeke Ayoade, Halimah Adewumi Adeyemi","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4836","url":null,"abstract":"Many human activities that have an effect on water quality and aquatic health are increasing along Eleyele Lake, which is a vital resource for domestic water supply and fishery in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. This study provides information on the composition of macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates (which are bioindicators) in association with physicochemical parameters in Eleyele Lake. Water, macrophytes, and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from four stations monthly from March to August 2021 and analysed using standard methods. The relationship between the measured physicochemical variables, macrophytes, and the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate was explored using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The encountered macrophytes represented 19 species (11 emergent, six floating and two submerged) in 16 genera and 12 families. The most abundant species was Ipomea aquatica (25.83%) in station 2 and Sacciolepsis africana (19.19%) in station 1. A total of 282 benthic macroinvertebrate individuals belonging to three phyla, four classes, 11 genera, and 11 species were encountered. Pollution indicator species including Melanoides tuberculata, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Chironomus larvae observed in all the sampling stations were the dominant species. The CCA indicated that the abundance of macrophytes correlated with depth and nutrient factors (mostly phosphate). The result of the CCA showed the abundance of Chironomus larvae being patterned by dissolved oxygen and nutrient factors (phosphate, nitrate, and sulphate). These further confirmed the polluted status of Eleyele Lake, especially by nutrient enrichment. The dominant macrophytes and benthic macroinvertebrates in Eleyele Lake are pollution-tolerant species and the lake has been impacted by nutrient enrichment.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75813484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4837
Žaneta Maželienė, Deimantė Rutkauskaitė, A. Aleksandravičienė
The stairwell door handles in blocks of flats are the objects that every resident and guests touch at least several times a day. For this reason, many microorganisms collect on them, which can cause infections of varying severity. Therefore, it is very important to observe proper hand hygiene and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces on the stairwells of blocks of flats. Research samples were taken in the months of October-November in 2021 and December-January in 2022, in the morning (between 7:00 and 8:00) and in the evening (between 19:00 and 20:00), from the stairwells of the blocks of flats in the city of Kaunas. One-hundred samples were taken in the autumn season (50 in the morning and 50 in the evening) and 100 samples in the winter season (50 in the morning and 50 in the evening). The research sample consisted of 200 samples; four analytes were analysed in each sample: Enteroccocus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The stairwell door handles of multi-apartment buildings were contaminated with Enterococcus spp. the most and with S. aureus bacteria the least. Slightly higher microbial contamination of multi-apartment stairwells was observed in the evening. Microbial contamination of multi-apartment stairwell door handles was observed to be higher in the autumn season than in the winter season.
{"title":"Assessment of the microbial contamination of stairwell door handles in blocks of flats","authors":"Žaneta Maželienė, Deimantė Rutkauskaitė, A. Aleksandravičienė","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4837","url":null,"abstract":"The stairwell door handles in blocks of flats are the objects that every resident and guests touch at least several times a day. For this reason, many microorganisms collect on them, which can cause infections of varying severity. Therefore, it is very important to observe proper hand hygiene and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces on the stairwells of blocks of flats. Research samples were taken in the months of October-November in 2021 and December-January in 2022, in the morning (between 7:00 and 8:00) and in the evening (between 19:00 and 20:00), from the stairwells of the blocks of flats in the city of Kaunas. One-hundred samples were taken in the autumn season (50 in the morning and 50 in the evening) and 100 samples in the winter season (50 in the morning and 50 in the evening). The research sample consisted of 200 samples; four analytes were analysed in each sample: Enteroccocus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The stairwell door handles of multi-apartment buildings were contaminated with Enterococcus spp. the most and with S. aureus bacteria the least. Slightly higher microbial contamination of multi-apartment stairwells was observed in the evening. Microbial contamination of multi-apartment stairwell door handles was observed to be higher in the autumn season than in the winter season.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77437944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4839
Amina Belhadji, I. Abdelli, F. Hassani, Sohayb Bekkal Brikci, Sarra Ghalem, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Réda Kechairi
Varroa destructor is the parasitic mite of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. It presents a major threat to the health of bees and to the quality and quantity of honey. Varroa destructor have increased their resistance to acaricides; consequently, the mites or their vector viruses become more virulent. Infested colonies, commonly referred to as ‘mite bombs’, facilitate the dispersal of mites and transmission of disease to stronger and healthier colonies. Acaricides are the most used means of control, although the use of these chemical products has a negative impact on the health of bees, the quality of honey, human health, and the environment. The argan tree of the genus Argania is a tropical tree of the Sapotaceae family. This plant is very important economically. The argan tree is the source of biologically active and edible oil. In this context, we aim to test the bioacaricide power of the argan tree to fight the V. destructor by molecular modelling methods.
{"title":"An in silico study into the bioacaricide power of the Algerian argan tree against Varroa destructor","authors":"Amina Belhadji, I. Abdelli, F. Hassani, Sohayb Bekkal Brikci, Sarra Ghalem, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Réda Kechairi","doi":"10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v68i4.4839","url":null,"abstract":"Varroa destructor is the parasitic mite of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. It presents a major threat to the health of bees and to the quality and quantity of honey. Varroa destructor have increased their resistance to acaricides; consequently, the mites or their vector viruses become more virulent. Infested colonies, commonly referred to as ‘mite bombs’, facilitate the dispersal of mites and transmission of disease to stronger and healthier colonies. Acaricides are the most used means of control, although the use of these chemical products has a negative impact on the health of bees, the quality of honey, human health, and the environment. The argan tree of the genus Argania is a tropical tree of the Sapotaceae family. This plant is very important economically. The argan tree is the source of biologically active and edible oil. In this context, we aim to test the bioacaricide power of the argan tree to fight the V. destructor by molecular modelling methods.","PeriodicalId":8858,"journal":{"name":"Biologija","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88981271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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