Pub Date : 2023-06-16eCollection Date: 2023-06-01DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0023
Ji-Hye Lee, Sang-Hwan Kim
Introduction: The formation and function of the corpus luteum (CL) increase the likelihood of pregnancy and efficiently manage implantation. Apoptosis must occur at an appropriate time in the formation of the CL. This also affects its function. However, it is still unclear if the type of apoptosis affects the function.
Material and methods: We conducted morphological analysis of the CL collected on day 15 between the middle and late oestrous phases of Yorkshire pigs and mini-pigs, and measured the difference in hormone expression and apoptosis using an immunoassay method and messenger RNA level.
Results: The CL cells were more uniform in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, and the composition of the CL was also fuller. The expression of luteinising hormone was higher in the Yorkshire pigs. Apoptosis and the rate of action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were different between the two pig types. Expression of MMPs was higher in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs. However, the expression of caspase 3 and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a progesterone inhibitor, was potentiated in the mini-pigs.
Conclusion: Autophagy throughout the CL was more extensive in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, suggesting that autophagy and cell reorganisation by MMPs were highly correlated. The occurrence of autophagy in the formation and function of the CL may affect the action of hormones and expression of cell reconstitution factors.
{"title":"Functional and morphological maturation of the full-sized and mini-pig corpus luteum by programmed cell death mechanism.","authors":"Ji-Hye Lee, Sang-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The formation and function of the corpus luteum (CL) increase the likelihood of pregnancy and efficiently manage implantation. Apoptosis must occur at an appropriate time in the formation of the CL. This also affects its function. However, it is still unclear if the type of apoptosis affects the function.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted morphological analysis of the CL collected on day 15 between the middle and late oestrous phases of Yorkshire pigs and mini-pigs, and measured the difference in hormone expression and apoptosis using an immunoassay method and messenger RNA level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CL cells were more uniform in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, and the composition of the CL was also fuller. The expression of luteinising hormone was higher in the Yorkshire pigs. Apoptosis and the rate of action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were different between the two pig types. Expression of MMPs was higher in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs. However, the expression of caspase 3 and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a progesterone inhibitor, was potentiated in the mini-pigs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Autophagy throughout the CL was more extensive in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, suggesting that autophagy and cell reorganisation by MMPs were highly correlated. The occurrence of autophagy in the formation and function of the CL may affect the action of hormones and expression of cell reconstitution factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"7 1","pages":"307-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10740324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80478115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated if and why rates of delay or probability discounting would vary as a function of whether the data were collected using the fill-in-the-blank (FITB) or multiple-choice (MC) method. Participants in Experiment 1 completed a discounting task using either the FITB or MC met
{"title":"Procedural aspects that control discounting rates when using the fill-in-the-blank and multiple-choice methods","authors":"J. Weatherly, Kathryn A. Feltman, A. Derenne","doi":"10.1037/H0101281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101281","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated if and why rates of delay or probability discounting would vary as a function of whether the data were collected using the fill-in-the-blank (FITB) or multiple-choice (MC) method. Participants in Experiment 1 completed a discounting task using either the FITB or MC met","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"14 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58478068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) assesses a general, unidimensional behavioral developmental set of tasks and stages that measures difficulty across different domains. Teaching the model is a challenge because of the abstract nature of the model. Using traditional methods of lecturing to t
{"title":"Using SAFMEDS and direct instruction to teach the model of hierarchical complexity","authors":"M. Commons, Darlene E. Crone-Todd, S. Chen","doi":"10.1037/H0101284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101284","url":null,"abstract":"The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) assesses a general, unidimensional behavioral developmental set of tasks and stages that measures difficulty across different domains. Teaching the model is a challenge because of the abstract nature of the model. Using traditional methods of lecturing to t","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"14 1","pages":"31-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58478890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Arntzen, Lill-Beathe Halstadtro, E. Bjerke, Kristin Jonassen Wittner, Anette Kristiansen
One young man with autism was trained in botanical skills. He was trained to match different drawings of trees (c), shown with Their respective names (a), and tree leaves (b) using a conditional discrimination procedure. The conditional discrimination Procedures were arranged as a many-to-one traini
{"title":"On the sequential and concurrent presentation of trials establishing prerequisites for emergent relations.","authors":"E. Arntzen, Lill-Beathe Halstadtro, E. Bjerke, Kristin Jonassen Wittner, Anette Kristiansen","doi":"10.1037/H0101280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101280","url":null,"abstract":"One young man with autism was trained in botanical skills. He was trained to match different drawings of trees (c), shown with Their respective names (a), and tree leaves (b) using a conditional discrimination procedure. The conditional discrimination Procedures were arranged as a many-to-one traini","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58478469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IncChains: A program written in Visual Basic® 2010 for studying variables affecting human learning.","authors":"Noah Sontz Dermer, M. Dermer, David M. Trejo","doi":"10.1037/H0101283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"14 1","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58478736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Derek D. Reed, Florence D. DiGennaro Reed, Sarah R. Jenkins, Jason M. Hirst
{"title":"The zeitgeist of behavior analytic research in the 21st century: A keyword analysis.","authors":"Derek D. Reed, Florence D. DiGennaro Reed, Sarah R. Jenkins, Jason M. Hirst","doi":"10.1037/H0101282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"14 1","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58478134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryan K. Saville, Derek A. Pope, J. Truelove, Jacob L. Williams
A growing number of studies have shown that interteaching produces better student-learning outcomes than more traditional teaching methods such as lecture. But to date, no studies have directly examined whether interteaching is differentially effective for students who typically earn either good or bad grades in their courses. In this study, we alternated between interteaching and lecture several times during the semester and measured the exam performance of students with low, moderate, and high grade point averages. We found that interteaching improved the exam scores for students in each of these groups but that the improvement was most noticeable for students with low and moderate GPAs. Thus, interteaching may be especially useful for students who typically earn lower grades in their courses.
{"title":"The Relation between GPA and Exam Performance during Interteaching and Lecture.","authors":"Bryan K. Saville, Derek A. Pope, J. Truelove, Jacob L. Williams","doi":"10.1037/H0100728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100728","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of studies have shown that interteaching produces better student-learning outcomes than more traditional teaching methods such as lecture. But to date, no studies have directly examined whether interteaching is differentially effective for students who typically earn either good or bad grades in their courses. In this study, we alternated between interteaching and lecture several times during the semester and measured the exam performance of students with low, moderate, and high grade point averages. We found that interteaching improved the exam scores for students in each of these groups but that the improvement was most noticeable for students with low and moderate GPAs. Thus, interteaching may be especially useful for students who typically earn lower grades in their courses.","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"4 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58474689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Weatherly, Kevin S. Montes, D. Peters, Alyssa. N. Wilson
The field of behavior analysis has done an excellent job of not only raising public awareness about certain disorders (e.g., Autism), but also developing the best treatments for those disorders. The field has not yet, however, done so for many behavioral disorders. For instance, pathological gambling is a major societal issue, but little behavior-analytic work has focused on it despite the fact that the disorder occurs at several times the frequency of other, more publicized, disorders such as Autism (Dixon, Marley, & Jacobs, 2003). One possible reason for the dearth of behavior-analytic research could be B.F. Skinner's (1953) conclusion that gambling behavior could be understood in terms of schedules of reinforcement. Subsequent research, however, suggests that multiple factors likely control gambling behavior (e.g., see Weatherly & Dixon, 2007). According to most prevalence studies, the rate of pathological gambling in the general population likely ranges between 1 -2% (see Petry, 2005, for a review). In terms of absolute numbers, these percentages represent millions of individuals in the United States alone. The numbers do not, however, encapsulate the problem. That is, pathological gamblers are individuals who officially meet diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Other people are labeled as "problem gamblers" because they display some symptoms of pathological gambling, but not enough symptoms to be diagnosed clinically as pathological. The prevalence rates of problem gambling are also difficult to estimate, but it seems reasonable to conclude that the number of problem gamblers exceeds the number of pathological gamblers, possibly another 5% or more of the population (see Petry, 2005). Pathological gambling is currently classified as an impulse disorder that is not otherwise classified. (1) To meet diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling, an individual must display at least five of the ten possible symptoms. Three of these symptoms are generally considered "cognitive" in nature. The possible cognitive symptoms include a preoccupation with gambling, feeling the need to increase one's betting so as to maintain the original level of excitement or arousal, and feeling restless when one attempts to cease gambling. (2) Six of the remaining seven symptoms are descriptive of behaviors in which the gambler might engage. They are trying to cease gambling but failing, increasing one's betting in an attempt to win back what has been lost (i.e., chasing one's bet), lying to others so as to conceal one's gambling, engaging in illegal behavior to finance one's gambling, putting one's opportunities (e.g., job, personal relationships, etc.) in jeopardy because of continued gambling, and turning to other individuals to finance one's gambling or to address financial issues that have resulted from one's gambling. (3) Interestingly, only one of the official symptoms for pathological gambling specifically id
{"title":"Gambling Behind the Walls: A Behavior-Analytic Perspective","authors":"J. Weatherly, Kevin S. Montes, D. Peters, Alyssa. N. Wilson","doi":"10.1037/H0100725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100725","url":null,"abstract":"The field of behavior analysis has done an excellent job of not only raising public awareness about certain disorders (e.g., Autism), but also developing the best treatments for those disorders. The field has not yet, however, done so for many behavioral disorders. For instance, pathological gambling is a major societal issue, but little behavior-analytic work has focused on it despite the fact that the disorder occurs at several times the frequency of other, more publicized, disorders such as Autism (Dixon, Marley, & Jacobs, 2003). One possible reason for the dearth of behavior-analytic research could be B.F. Skinner's (1953) conclusion that gambling behavior could be understood in terms of schedules of reinforcement. Subsequent research, however, suggests that multiple factors likely control gambling behavior (e.g., see Weatherly & Dixon, 2007). According to most prevalence studies, the rate of pathological gambling in the general population likely ranges between 1 -2% (see Petry, 2005, for a review). In terms of absolute numbers, these percentages represent millions of individuals in the United States alone. The numbers do not, however, encapsulate the problem. That is, pathological gamblers are individuals who officially meet diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Other people are labeled as \"problem gamblers\" because they display some symptoms of pathological gambling, but not enough symptoms to be diagnosed clinically as pathological. The prevalence rates of problem gambling are also difficult to estimate, but it seems reasonable to conclude that the number of problem gamblers exceeds the number of pathological gamblers, possibly another 5% or more of the population (see Petry, 2005). Pathological gambling is currently classified as an impulse disorder that is not otherwise classified. (1) To meet diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling, an individual must display at least five of the ten possible symptoms. Three of these symptoms are generally considered \"cognitive\" in nature. The possible cognitive symptoms include a preoccupation with gambling, feeling the need to increase one's betting so as to maintain the original level of excitement or arousal, and feeling restless when one attempts to cease gambling. (2) Six of the remaining seven symptoms are descriptive of behaviors in which the gambler might engage. They are trying to cease gambling but failing, increasing one's betting in an attempt to win back what has been lost (i.e., chasing one's bet), lying to others so as to conceal one's gambling, engaging in illegal behavior to finance one's gambling, putting one's opportunities (e.g., job, personal relationships, etc.) in jeopardy because of continued gambling, and turning to other individuals to finance one's gambling or to address financial issues that have resulted from one's gambling. (3) Interestingly, only one of the official symptoms for pathological gambling specifically id","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"13 1","pages":"2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58474544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matching-to-sample (MTS) training consists of presenting a stimulus as a sample followed by stimuli called comparisons from which a subject makes a choice. This study presents results of a pilot investigation comparing two packages for teach- ing university students to conduct MTS training. Two groups - control and experimental - with 2 participants in each group were used. Accuracy in conducting MTS training was assessed during baseline and post-training. During training the control group received a manual, and the experimental group received both the manual and computer-aided personalized system of instruction or CAPSI. Baseline and post-training combined scores for control and experimental groups were 72.5% and 100%, and 72.7% and 95%, respectively. Results showed that the manual and the manual-plus-CAPSI packages produced similar effects in delivering knowledge in MTS training. We suggest that future studies using a larger sample size are neces- sary. In addition, we suggest that it is necessary to test new versions of the manual and the interaction of CAPSI with other components, such as demonstration videos.
{"title":"A Pilot Investigation Comparing Instructional Packages for MTS Training: \"Manual Alone\" vs. \"Manual-Plus-Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction\"","authors":"M. A. Oliveira, Celso Goyos, J. Pear","doi":"10.1037/H0100727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100727","url":null,"abstract":"Matching-to-sample (MTS) training consists of presenting a stimulus as a sample followed by stimuli called comparisons from which a subject makes a choice. This study presents results of a pilot investigation comparing two packages for teach- ing university students to conduct MTS training. Two groups - control and experimental - with 2 participants in each group were used. Accuracy in conducting MTS training was assessed during baseline and post-training. During training the control group received a manual, and the experimental group received both the manual and computer-aided personalized system of instruction or CAPSI. Baseline and post-training combined scores for control and experimental groups were 72.5% and 100%, and 72.7% and 95%, respectively. Results showed that the manual and the manual-plus-CAPSI packages produced similar effects in delivering knowledge in MTS training. We suggest that future studies using a larger sample size are neces- sary. In addition, we suggest that it is necessary to test new versions of the manual and the interaction of CAPSI with other components, such as demonstration videos.","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"4 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58474670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Successful reintegration of formerly incarcerated individuals into communities is important because of both the personal and emotional costs to the former offender and the social and financial costs to the community and criminal justice system. Prior research examining reentry success has used structural and psychological explanations for better understanding the processes that contribute to recidivism. Using B.F. Skinner’s (1957) Theory of Verbal Behavior as a theoretical foundation, twelve focus groups totaling 128 formerly incarcerated persons and reentry service providers were conducted that explored perspectives of the current reentry system, views on recidivism, and opportunities for improvement. Results indicate that a Verbal Behavior approach enhances the understanding of reentry when examined as a metacontingency with a goal of a particular outcome. Implications for reentry intervention are discussed.
{"title":"Prisoner Reentry and Recidivism According to the Formerly Incarcerated and Reentry Service Providers: A Verbal Behavior Approach","authors":"S. W. Bowman, Raphael Travis","doi":"10.1037/H0100726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100726","url":null,"abstract":"Successful reintegration of formerly incarcerated individuals into communities is important because of both the personal and emotional costs to the former offender and the social and financial costs to the community and criminal justice system. Prior research examining reentry success has used structural and psychological explanations for better understanding the processes that contribute to recidivism. Using B.F. Skinner’s (1957) Theory of Verbal Behavior as a theoretical foundation, twelve focus groups totaling 128 formerly incarcerated persons and reentry service providers were conducted that explored perspectives of the current reentry system, views on recidivism, and opportunities for improvement. Results indicate that a Verbal Behavior approach enhances the understanding of reentry when examined as a metacontingency with a goal of a particular outcome. Implications for reentry intervention are discussed.","PeriodicalId":88717,"journal":{"name":"The behavior analyst today","volume":"13 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58474632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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