During the past two decades, lesbian, gay, and bisexual—and more recently, transgender—young people have increasingly been coming out during adolescence. Although families provide much of the nurturing and socialization for children and adolescents, research on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth has focused on peers, school, and community experiences. Little research has explored the experiences of transgender youth in general, or of LGBT adolescents in the context of their families. Nevertheless, research on families of LGBT adolescents has important implications for child and adolescent development, health and mental health outcomes, services, and professional training.
{"title":"Engaging Families to Support Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth: The Family Acceptance Project.","authors":"C. Ryan","doi":"10.1037/e509042011-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e509042011-003","url":null,"abstract":"During the past two decades, lesbian, gay, and bisexual—and more recently, transgender—young people have increasingly been coming out during adolescence. Although families provide much of the nurturing and socialization for children and adolescents, research on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth has focused on peers, school, and community experiences. Little research has explored the experiences of transgender youth in general, or of LGBT adolescents in the context of their families. Nevertheless, research on families of LGBT adolescents has important implications for child and adolescent development, health and mental health outcomes, services, and professional training.","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"78 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Much controversy surrounds the consequences of adolescent paid work, with researchers coming to diverse conclusions about whether work is good, work is bad, work doesn't matter (the purported effects of employment are spurious, dependent on processes of selection), and work matters for some youth but not others, depending on their prior backgrounds and attributes and the contexts of their employment. This article summarizes findings from the Youth Development Study, a long-term, ongoing longitudinal study that has followed a community-based panel from middle adolescence through early adulthood. The findings address this debate and support the final perspective-that the effects of teen employment on the successful transition to adulthood depend on its patterning through the years of high school (most invested, steady, sporadic, and occasional employment patterns) and its quality. Moreover, the YDS shows that patterns of teenage employment are linked to the social origins and motivations of youth upon entry to high school, and suggest that teenagers exercise agency as they build human capital during high school through education and work experience. The article concludes with a discussion of what parents, counselors, and others can do to help children make sound employment-related decisions during adolescence so as to assure effective career exploration and a successful school-to-work transition.
{"title":"The Benefits and Risks of Adolescent Employment.","authors":"Jeylan T Mortimer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Much controversy surrounds the consequences of adolescent paid work, with researchers coming to diverse conclusions about whether work is good, work is bad, work doesn't matter (the purported effects of employment are spurious, dependent on processes of selection), and work matters for some youth but not others, depending on their prior backgrounds and attributes and the contexts of their employment. This article summarizes findings from the Youth Development Study, a long-term, ongoing longitudinal study that has followed a community-based panel from middle adolescence through early adulthood. The findings address this debate and support the final perspective-that the effects of teen employment on the successful transition to adulthood depend on its patterning through the years of high school (most invested, steady, sporadic, and occasional employment patterns) and its quality. Moreover, the YDS shows that patterns of teenage employment are linked to the social origins and motivations of youth upon entry to high school, and suggest that teenagers exercise agency as they build human capital during high school through education and work experience. The article concludes with a discussion of what parents, counselors, and others can do to help children make sound employment-related decisions during adolescence so as to assure effective career exploration and a successful school-to-work transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"17 2","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936460/pdf/nihms220511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40062604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adolescents with Disabilities Transitioning to Adulthood: Implications for a Diverse and Multicultural Population.","authors":"Audrey A. Trainor","doi":"10.1037/e540552010-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e540552010-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"12 1","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74475543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peer Contexts for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Students: Reducing Stigma, Prejudice, and Discrimination.","authors":"Stacey S. Horn, Katherine E. Romeo","doi":"10.1037/e509042011-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e509042011-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"150 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been referred to as a new epidemic among youth, with an alarming number of adolescents reporting that they have intentionally cut, scratched, hit, or burned their skin. NSSI is defined as the deliberate self-inflicted damage to body tissue without conscious suicidal intent, and does not include culturally sanctioned or socially normative practices, such as body piercings or tattoos (Favazza, 1996). Current prevalence estimates of NSSI among middle and high school students range from 15% to 20%, and some studies reporting rates of up to 39%. Through retrospective reports, we have a clear indication that the typical age of onset for self-injury occurs during middle school, roughly age 12 to 15 years (Nixon & Heath, 2009; Nock, 2009). Unfortunately, many teachers report negative attitudes toward NSSI, including feelings of horror or repulsion. These negative reactions or misconceptions can be detrimental to the quality of support and treatment provided to youth who engage in NSSI (Best, 2006; Heath, Toste, & Beettam, 2006; Roberts-Dobie & Donatelle, 2007). Even though school-based professionals are increasingly encountering NSSI in the schools, they feel that they lack general information about NSSI and how to deal with this behavior. This article seeks to address this need by providing the reader with essential information for both school personnel and systems-level response to NSSI.
{"title":"School Response to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury","authors":"Jessica R. Toste, N. Heath","doi":"10.1037/e515372010-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e515372010-004","url":null,"abstract":"Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been referred to as a new epidemic among youth, with an alarming number of adolescents reporting that they have intentionally cut, scratched, hit, or burned their skin. NSSI is defined as the deliberate self-inflicted damage to body tissue without conscious suicidal intent, and does not include culturally sanctioned or socially normative practices, such as body piercings or tattoos (Favazza, 1996). Current prevalence estimates of NSSI among middle and high school students range from 15% to 20%, and some studies reporting rates of up to 39%. Through retrospective reports, we have a clear indication that the typical age of onset for self-injury occurs during middle school, roughly age 12 to 15 years (Nixon & Heath, 2009; Nock, 2009). Unfortunately, many teachers report negative attitudes toward NSSI, including feelings of horror or repulsion. These negative reactions or misconceptions can be detrimental to the quality of support and treatment provided to youth who engage in NSSI (Best, 2006; Heath, Toste, & Beettam, 2006; Roberts-Dobie & Donatelle, 2007). Even though school-based professionals are increasingly encountering NSSI in the schools, they feel that they lack general information about NSSI and how to deal with this behavior. This article seeks to address this need by providing the reader with essential information for both school personnel and systems-level response to NSSI.","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"31 1","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81807513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supportive Social Services for LGBT Youth: Lessons from the Safe Schools Movement.","authors":"S. Russell","doi":"10.1037/e509042011-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e509042011-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"56 1","pages":"14-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75582386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While awareness of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) appears to be increasing among school counselors, social workers, nurses, school and program administrators, and others who work with adolescents, it remains one of the most difficult behaviors to encounter, with few professionals feeling well equipped to handle these situations. Long described in the psychiatric literature, NSSI has received less attention among community samples. There is little formal training in NSSI identification, prevention, and treatment. This introductory article aims to: (1) define NSSI, describe its prevalence, and identify common risk factors among adolescents; (2) distinguish NSSI from suicidal behaviors; and (3) explore the motivations for engaging in NSSI. Unless otherwise specified, the primary focus of this article concerns self-injury among "community" samples of youth, with community referring to nonclinical settings in which youth are prevalent, such as high school and college settings.
{"title":"Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents.","authors":"Elizabeth E. Lloyd-Richardson","doi":"10.1037/e515372010-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e515372010-001","url":null,"abstract":"While awareness of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) appears to be increasing among school counselors, social workers, nurses, school and program administrators, and others who work with adolescents, it remains one of the most difficult behaviors to encounter, with few professionals feeling well equipped to handle these situations. Long described in the psychiatric literature, NSSI has received less attention among community samples. There is little formal training in NSSI identification, prevention, and treatment. This introductory article aims to: (1) define NSSI, describe its prevalence, and identify common risk factors among adolescents; (2) distinguish NSSI from suicidal behaviors; and (3) explore the motivations for engaging in NSSI. Unless otherwise specified, the primary focus of this article concerns self-injury among \"community\" samples of youth, with community referring to nonclinical settings in which youth are prevalent, such as high school and college settings.","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"57 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80231782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strengthening Connections between Schools and Diverse Families: A Cultural Capital Perspective.","authors":"K. Wegmann, G. Bowen","doi":"10.1037/e597072010-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e597072010-003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"65 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adolescent self-injury is one of the most perplexing and intimidating presenting difficulties mental health, school, and healthcare professionals will encounter in their practice settings. Janis Whitlock, Director of the Cornell Research Program on Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults, has found in her research that 5-8% of adolescents are actively cutting, scratching, pinching, burning, or severely bruising themselves in a given week (Whitlock, personal communication, September 28, 2009). In addition, many of these youth symptom switch?that is they engage in other self-destructive behaviors such as bulimia, substance abuse, and sexually risky behaviors?which makes it more challenging to treat them. For many adolescents, self-injury and other self-destructive behaviors are employed as an attempt to get quick relief from emotional distress and to soothe themselves (Selekman, 2006, 2009). In some cases, having been repeatedly invalidated by and emotionally disconnected from their parents and other significant people in their lives has led them to feeling emotionally numb inside. Thus, by cutting or burning themselves they feel something (Miller, 2005; Selekman & Shulem, 2007; Whitlock et al., 2008). This article presents a family competency-based treatment approach that capitalizes on the strengths and resources of the adolescent, family members, key people from their social networks, and helping professionals from larger systems to co-construct solutions to resolve their presenting difficulties. Throughout the article, I provide therapeutic tools and strategies that I have found effective in my clinical practice of working with self-injuring youth and their families over the past 25 years.
青少年自残是心理健康、学校和医疗保健专业人员在实践中遇到的最令人困惑和最令人生畏的问题之一。康奈尔大学青少年和年轻人自伤行为研究项目主任Janis Whitlock在她的研究中发现，5-8%的青少年在一周内会主动割伤、抓伤、掐伤、烧伤或严重擦伤自己(Whitlock, personal communication, 2009年9月28日)。另外，这些青少年的许多症状切换?也就是说他们有其他自我毁灭的行为，比如贪食症，药物滥用和性危险行为?这使得治疗它们更具挑战性。对于许多青少年来说，自伤和其他自毁行为是一种快速缓解情绪困扰和自我安慰的尝试(Selekman, 2006, 2009)。在某些情况下，被父母和生活中其他重要的人反复否定，在情感上与他们脱节，导致他们内心感到情感麻木。因此，通过切割或燃烧自己，他们会感觉到一些东西(Miller, 2005;Selekman & Shulem, 2007;Whitlock et al.， 2008)。本文提出了一种基于家庭能力的治疗方法，该方法利用青少年、家庭成员、社会网络中的关键人物的优势和资源，并帮助来自更大系统的专业人员共同构建解决方案，以解决他们目前的困难。在整篇文章中，我提供了治疗工具和策略，这些工具和策略是我在过去25年里与自残青年及其家庭一起工作的临床实践中发现的有效方法。
{"title":"Collaborative Strengths-Based Brief Therapy with Self-Injuring Adolescents and Their Families","authors":"Matthew D. Selekman","doi":"10.1037/e515372010-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e515372010-005","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent self-injury is one of the most perplexing and intimidating presenting difficulties mental health, school, and healthcare professionals will encounter in their practice settings. Janis Whitlock, Director of the Cornell Research Program on Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults, has found in her research that 5-8% of adolescents are actively cutting, scratching, pinching, burning, or severely bruising themselves in a given week (Whitlock, personal communication, September 28, 2009). In addition, many of these youth symptom switch?that is they engage in other self-destructive behaviors such as bulimia, substance abuse, and sexually risky behaviors?which makes it more challenging to treat them. For many adolescents, self-injury and other self-destructive behaviors are employed as an attempt to get quick relief from emotional distress and to soothe themselves (Selekman, 2006, 2009). In some cases, having been repeatedly invalidated by and emotionally disconnected from their parents and other significant people in their lives has led them to feeling emotionally numb inside. Thus, by cutting or burning themselves they feel something (Miller, 2005; Selekman & Shulem, 2007; Whitlock et al., 2008). This article presents a family competency-based treatment approach that capitalizes on the strengths and resources of the adolescent, family members, key people from their social networks, and helping professionals from larger systems to co-construct solutions to resolve their presenting difficulties. Throughout the article, I provide therapeutic tools and strategies that I have found effective in my clinical practice of working with self-injuring youth and their families over the past 25 years.","PeriodicalId":88767,"journal":{"name":"The prevention researcher","volume":"196 1","pages":"18-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76032558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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