Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.14421/BIOMEDICH.2021.101.7-14
Gunpreet Kaur, Vikas Gupta, Ravinder Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar, R. Singhal, Ranjit Singh, P. Bansal
Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli) is a primal plant used in ancient times. But nowadays, due to biotic and abiotic stress the plant has entered in the list of threatened medicinal plant. In ancient texts effective uses of formulations containing kshirakakoli are well mentioned but the information is not written in simple language due to which the therapeutic value of the plant is not well understood by scientific fraternity. So, there is a major need to perform ethno medicinal survey for the formulations containing kshirakakoli and compare their therapeutic uses as mentioned in text with the modern system of medicine. In this study, a field survey was performed in 4 states i.e., Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh where the conversation regarding usage of this plant or formulation was done with 24 local medical practitioners, 18 shopkeepers and 4 traditional healers. The information thus obtained were recorded and then compared. Results showed that the usage of kshirakakoli containing formulations was highest in Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand. Only few clinical studies have been done on these formulations. The effectiveness of the formulations against remedies alluded by the trado-medical practitioners claimed was found accurate as per ayurvedic textual literature. Hence, the ethno medicinal survey provides a precise guidance to scientists for future research on these kshirakakoli containing formulations that are useful in plethora of disorders.
{"title":"Compliance Level of Textual Therapeutic Usage of Kshirakakoli Containing Formulations with a Serial Ethnomedicinal Survey and Modern System of Medicine","authors":"Gunpreet Kaur, Vikas Gupta, Ravinder Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar, R. Singhal, Ranjit Singh, P. Bansal","doi":"10.14421/BIOMEDICH.2021.101.7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/BIOMEDICH.2021.101.7-14","url":null,"abstract":"Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli) is a primal plant used in ancient times. But nowadays, due to biotic and abiotic stress the plant has entered in the list of threatened medicinal plant. In ancient texts effective uses of formulations containing kshirakakoli are well mentioned but the information is not written in simple language due to which the therapeutic value of the plant is not well understood by scientific fraternity. So, there is a major need to perform ethno medicinal survey for the formulations containing kshirakakoli and compare their therapeutic uses as mentioned in text with the modern system of medicine. In this study, a field survey was performed in 4 states i.e., Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh where the conversation regarding usage of this plant or formulation was done with 24 local medical practitioners, 18 shopkeepers and 4 traditional healers. The information thus obtained were recorded and then compared. Results showed that the usage of kshirakakoli containing formulations was highest in Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand. Only few clinical studies have been done on these formulations. The effectiveness of the formulations against remedies alluded by the trado-medical practitioners claimed was found accurate as per ayurvedic textual literature. Hence, the ethno medicinal survey provides a precise guidance to scientists for future research on these kshirakakoli containing formulations that are useful in plethora of disorders.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76807195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.14421/BIOMEDICH.2020.92.105-107
Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi, M. Noor
Assesment of rat sperm motility can be carried out on sperm sample from epididimal source using minimal amount of equipment. This method will aid researcher and practitioner working in the field of sperm quality to determined rat sperm motility rapidly and efficiently.
{"title":"A Simple Technique for Rapid Assessment of Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Sperm Motility","authors":"Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi, M. Noor","doi":"10.14421/BIOMEDICH.2020.92.105-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/BIOMEDICH.2020.92.105-107","url":null,"abstract":"Assesment of rat sperm motility can be carried out on sperm sample from epididimal source using minimal amount of equipment. This method will aid researcher and practitioner working in the field of sperm quality to determined rat sperm motility rapidly and efficiently.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48314353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.109-115
A. Naser, Muhammad Wisnu
Availability of quality seeds in production of krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv Dewi ratih) cultivation is still rare, therefore research on seed multiplication through tissue culture is needed. The media used in tissue culture is relatively expensive for home industry. This study aims to determine the respond of leaf and stem explants using foliar fertilizers (Growmore, Gandasil D and Mutiara) as an alternative media for callus inductions. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of 4 treatments: P0: ½ MS + 0,25 mg/l BAP, P1 (Growmore + 0,25 mg/l BAP), P2 (Gandasil D + 0,25 mg/l BAP), P3 (Mutiara + 0,25 mg/l BAP). The variables observed in this study included callus appearance time, callus color and callus texture. The result of this study indicated that the use of BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) affected the time of callus formation and callus morphology. Callus was formed on leaf explants 13 days after planting while on stem explants 7 days after planting and compact texture. Growmore + 0,25 mg/l BAP treatment yields the best callus on leaf explant, while Gandasil D + 0,25 mg/l BAP treatment yields the best callus on stem explant.
{"title":"Callus Induction of Leaves and Stems in Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv Dewi ratih) with Alternative Foliar Fertilizers Media","authors":"A. Naser, Muhammad Wisnu","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.109-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.109-115","url":null,"abstract":"Availability of quality seeds in production of krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv Dewi ratih) cultivation is still rare, therefore research on seed multiplication through tissue culture is needed. The media used in tissue culture is relatively expensive for home industry. This study aims to determine the respond of leaf and stem explants using foliar fertilizers (Growmore, Gandasil D and Mutiara) as an alternative media for callus inductions. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of 4 treatments: P0: ½ MS + 0,25 mg/l BAP, P1 (Growmore + 0,25 mg/l BAP), P2 (Gandasil D + 0,25 mg/l BAP), P3 (Mutiara + 0,25 mg/l BAP). The variables observed in this study included callus appearance time, callus color and callus texture. The result of this study indicated that the use of BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine) affected the time of callus formation and callus morphology. Callus was formed on leaf explants 13 days after planting while on stem explants 7 days after planting and compact texture. Growmore + 0,25 mg/l BAP treatment yields the best callus on leaf explant, while Gandasil D + 0,25 mg/l BAP treatment yields the best callus on stem explant.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83645870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.47-57
Panca Buana Wijaya, T. R. Saraswati, S. Tana, S. Sunarno, E. Prihastanti
Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p <0.05) on the Balimo immersion water treatment, but if it was seen from the difference in the mean data of each variable, it could still be seen the difference from each treatment. In this study, it can be concluded that Balimo immersion water was able to improve the hematological status of rats that had been given Ciu liquor with a 0,2 mL dose.
{"title":"The Effect of Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) Immersion Water On The Hematological Profile of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) That Given Liquor (Ciu)","authors":"Panca Buana Wijaya, T. R. Saraswati, S. Tana, S. Sunarno, E. Prihastanti","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.47-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.47-57","url":null,"abstract":"Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p <0.05) on the Balimo immersion water treatment, but if it was seen from the difference in the mean data of each variable, it could still be seen the difference from each treatment. In this study, it can be concluded that Balimo immersion water was able to improve the hematological status of rats that had been given Ciu liquor with a 0,2 mL dose.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87867052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.13296389.v1
A. Yakubu, M. M. Mohammed, Abdulqadir Bukar Bababe, Hassan Yesufu Braimah
ABSTRACTPlant secondary metabolites had provided important bioactive principles for developing new lead compounds. Within their confinement, they exhibit unique chemical diversity, which influence their diverse biological properties. The vitaceae family are known for their potent antioxidant and antibacterial phytoconstituents, among other biological properties. Cyphostemma adenocaule is one of the family members explored for its ethnomedicinal properties. This study undertook the evaluation of the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the root extract of Cyphostemma adenocaule, as well as, evaluating their Biological properties; antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and antibacterial activity (agar well diffusion test). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates & glycoside, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The methanol root extract had the highest percentage in the DPPH assay, providing 50% inhibition IC50 of 10.87µg/ml, followed by nHexane (IC50 74.10µg/ml) and chloroform (IC50 74.31µg/ml) extract. In the antibacterial assay, the chloroform extract was active against E. coli (24.00±0.15) and moderate activity against Staph. aureus (12.5±0.18). The nHex extract was completely inactive against the test organism while the methanol extract showed poor activity against the test organism. The present study adds to the existing literature on Cyphostemma adenocaule with scientific evidence into its biological properties. Keywords: Cyphostemma adenocaule, Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activity
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the Root Extract of Cyphostemma Adenocaule (Steud. Ex A. Rich.) Wild & R.B.Drumm","authors":"A. Yakubu, M. M. Mohammed, Abdulqadir Bukar Bababe, Hassan Yesufu Braimah","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv.13296389.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.13296389.v1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPlant secondary\u0000metabolites had provided important bioactive principles for developing new lead\u0000compounds. Within their confinement, they exhibit unique chemical diversity,\u0000which influence their diverse biological properties. The vitaceae family are known for their potent antioxidant and\u0000antibacterial phytoconstituents, among other biological properties. Cyphostemma adenocaule is one of the\u0000family members explored for its ethnomedicinal properties. This study undertook the evaluation of the phytochemical,\u0000antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the root extract of Cyphostemma adenocaule, as well as, evaluating their Biological\u0000properties; antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and antibacterial activity (agar\u0000well diffusion test). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the\u0000presence of flavonoids, alkaloids,\u0000carbohydrates & glycoside, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The\u0000methanol root extract had the highest percentage in the DPPH assay, providing\u000050% inhibition IC50 of\u000010.87µg/ml, followed by nHexane (IC50 74.10µg/ml) and\u0000chloroform (IC50 74.31µg/ml) extract. In the antibacterial assay,\u0000the chloroform extract was active against E. coli (24.00±0.15) and moderate activity against Staph. aureus (12.5±0.18). The nHex extract was completely inactive\u0000against the test organism while the methanol extract showed poor activity\u0000against the test organism. The present study adds to the existing literature on\u0000Cyphostemma adenocaule\u0000with scientific evidence into its biological properties. \u0000\u0000Keywords: Cyphostemma adenocaule, Phytochemical screening,\u0000antioxidant and antibacterial activity","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75033689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-22DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.97-103
O. Appeh, T. Egwuatu, Chiamaka Maryann Ogbunta
Water samples from Nkwuaku and Ogbaru streams located in Awgu local government area in Enugu State, Nigeria were evaluated for the presence of microbial contaminants. Both samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis, total bacterial count and isolation of microbial pathogens, using conventional techniques. Physicochemical characteristics of both water samples showed that Nkwuaku stream had the least total dissolved solid value of 210mg/L while the highest value of 270mg/L was recorded for Ogbaru stream. Total heterotrophic bacteria count revealed that Ogbaru stream water sample had a higher bacterial population of 5.1x10 7 cfu/ml than Nkwuaku stream water sample which had a bacterial population of 4.2x10 7 cfu/ml. A total number of twelve (12) microorganisms were isolated from both water samples analyzed. Eight (8) bacteria genera isolated include: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp. , Klebsiella spp. , Staphylococcum aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and Campylobacter spp. Four (4) fungi were isolated and they include: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus spp. had the highest percentage occurrence (16.66%) each while Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsilla spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Campylobacter spp. had the least percentage occurrence (8.33%) each. Also, Aspergillus recorded the highest percentage occurrence of 40% for fungi while the least percentage (20%) was recorded for Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus fumigatus each. This study reveals that microbial qualities of these streams render them unfit for human consumption as sources of portable water although they can be used for other household purposes.
{"title":"Microbial Qualities of Nkwuaku and Ogbaru Streams Located in Awgu Local Government Area in Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Appeh, T. Egwuatu, Chiamaka Maryann Ogbunta","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.97-103","url":null,"abstract":"Water samples from Nkwuaku and Ogbaru streams located in Awgu local government area in Enugu State, Nigeria were evaluated for the presence of microbial contaminants. Both samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis, total bacterial count and isolation of microbial pathogens, using conventional techniques. Physicochemical characteristics of both water samples showed that Nkwuaku stream had the least total dissolved solid value of 210mg/L while the highest value of 270mg/L was recorded for Ogbaru stream. Total heterotrophic bacteria count revealed that Ogbaru stream water sample had a higher bacterial population of 5.1x10 7 cfu/ml than Nkwuaku stream water sample which had a bacterial population of 4.2x10 7 cfu/ml. A total number of twelve (12) microorganisms were isolated from both water samples analyzed. Eight (8) bacteria genera isolated include: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp. , Klebsiella spp. , Staphylococcum aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and Campylobacter spp. Four (4) fungi were isolated and they include: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus spp. had the highest percentage occurrence (16.66%) each while Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsilla spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Campylobacter spp. had the least percentage occurrence (8.33%) each. Also, Aspergillus recorded the highest percentage occurrence of 40% for fungi while the least percentage (20%) was recorded for Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus fumigatus each. This study reveals that microbial qualities of these streams render them unfit for human consumption as sources of portable water although they can be used for other household purposes.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41856411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.91-95
Yilni Edward Bioltif, Naanma Bioltif Edward, Terry Dalyop Tyeng
Azanza garckeana is a popular fruit tree in Nigeria, specifically in Gombe State, where it is locally called ‘goron tula’ which means ‘Kola of Tula’. It is also found in part of some African countries. Different plant part of this small tree/shrub has recorded different uses by the locals; uses ranging from its fruits being edible and others parts helping to remedy different diseases, especially sexually related diseases. It also records use as booster for sexual performance. The uses of the plant are majorly attributed to the presence of chemicals. Its local use initiates the necessity of this review to enhance the research for drug discovery since Chemicals are the chief constituencies responsible for its medicinal importance.
{"title":"A Chemical Overview of Azanza garckeana","authors":"Yilni Edward Bioltif, Naanma Bioltif Edward, Terry Dalyop Tyeng","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.91-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.91-95","url":null,"abstract":"Azanza garckeana is a popular fruit tree in Nigeria, specifically in Gombe State, where it is locally called ‘goron tula’ which means ‘Kola of Tula’. It is also found in part of some African countries. Different plant part of this small tree/shrub has recorded different uses by the locals; uses ranging from its fruits being edible and others parts helping to remedy different diseases, especially sexually related diseases. It also records use as booster for sexual performance. The uses of the plant are majorly attributed to the presence of chemicals. Its local use initiates the necessity of this review to enhance the research for drug discovery since Chemicals are the chief constituencies responsible for its medicinal importance.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47855282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.81-89
Tsegu Kiros
Khat belongs to the family Celastraceae, genus Catha , and species edulis . More than 200 compounds have previously been identified in Khat leaves, including: 40 alkaloids, terpenoids and sterol, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Researchers have spent their effort and time merely on study of the alkaloidal components (mainly the stimulant agents, cathinone and cathine) of Khat both qualitatively and quantitatively. The two principal Khat stimulant compounds, cathinone and cathine, by now are well established. But, on the contrary, previous studies on the non-alkaloidal constituents of the plant were limited. The objective of this work was therefore to isolate and characterize compounds from non-alkaloidal fractions of the plant’s leaves. In this work, two non-alkaloidal compounds (KNA-1 and KNA-2) were isolated and characterized from the acid-EtOAc extract of fresh and oven-dried leaves of Khat ( Catha edulis ). From the present study, it is possible to conclude that investing more effort and time on searching additional non-alkaloidal principles from the leaves of Khat is so necessary. And further works could be done in the future to isolate extra non-alkaloidal compounds from the leaves and other parts of Khat and evaluate their biological activity.
{"title":"Non-Alkaloidal Compounds from Khat (Catha edulis) Leaves","authors":"Tsegu Kiros","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.81-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.81-89","url":null,"abstract":"Khat belongs to the family Celastraceae, genus Catha , and species edulis . More than 200 compounds have previously been identified in Khat leaves, including: 40 alkaloids, terpenoids and sterol, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Researchers have spent their effort and time merely on study of the alkaloidal components (mainly the stimulant agents, cathinone and cathine) of Khat both qualitatively and quantitatively. The two principal Khat stimulant compounds, cathinone and cathine, by now are well established. But, on the contrary, previous studies on the non-alkaloidal constituents of the plant were limited. The objective of this work was therefore to isolate and characterize compounds from non-alkaloidal fractions of the plant’s leaves. In this work, two non-alkaloidal compounds (KNA-1 and KNA-2) were isolated and characterized from the acid-EtOAc extract of fresh and oven-dried leaves of Khat ( Catha edulis ). From the present study, it is possible to conclude that investing more effort and time on searching additional non-alkaloidal principles from the leaves of Khat is so necessary. And further works could be done in the future to isolate extra non-alkaloidal compounds from the leaves and other parts of Khat and evaluate their biological activity.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44345346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.77-80
Gunpreet Kaur, Vikas Gupta, R. Singhal, P. Bansal
Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli) is the threatened species of “Ashtwarga” group suffers lot of confusion for identification & authentification in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Due to lack of natural sources and insufficient availability of kshirakakoli, chances of adulteration and substitution increases which in turn leads to loss of faith of people in herbal drugs. Thus for identification and differentiation, quality standardization and quality assurance of kshirakakoli containing herbal formulations there is a need to isolate chemical marker compound using advanced analytical techniques. The methanol extract of root samples of plant was prepared and phytochemical screening was performed. Marker compound was isolated from the extract using column chromatography. Single compound having R f value 0.31 was isolated with TLC by using mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (8:2:0.1 v/v/v) and purified by re-crystallization with methanol. Isolated compound was further characterized by using melting point and spectral analysis. The methanol extract was dark brown in color and showed the presence of steroids, amino acids and flavonoids. The isolated compound was found to be white crystalline powder with melting point range of 167-169°C. Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of Stigmasterol . In present study stigmasterol was isolated for the first time and can be used as chemical marker for identification and differentiation of the plant from its substitutes.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Stigmasterol from Fritillaria roylei","authors":"Gunpreet Kaur, Vikas Gupta, R. Singhal, P. Bansal","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.77-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.77-80","url":null,"abstract":"Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli) is the threatened species of “Ashtwarga” group suffers lot of confusion for identification & authentification in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Due to lack of natural sources and insufficient availability of kshirakakoli, chances of adulteration and substitution increases which in turn leads to loss of faith of people in herbal drugs. Thus for identification and differentiation, quality standardization and quality assurance of kshirakakoli containing herbal formulations there is a need to isolate chemical marker compound using advanced analytical techniques. The methanol extract of root samples of plant was prepared and phytochemical screening was performed. Marker compound was isolated from the extract using column chromatography. Single compound having R f value 0.31 was isolated with TLC by using mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (8:2:0.1 v/v/v) and purified by re-crystallization with methanol. Isolated compound was further characterized by using melting point and spectral analysis. The methanol extract was dark brown in color and showed the presence of steroids, amino acids and flavonoids. The isolated compound was found to be white crystalline powder with melting point range of 167-169°C. Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of Stigmasterol . In present study stigmasterol was isolated for the first time and can be used as chemical marker for identification and differentiation of the plant from its substitutes.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42788762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.65-75
Noureddine Halla, K. Boucherit, B. Zeragui, Abdelkader Djelti, Ziane Belkhedim, R. Hassani, Saada Benatallah, Hassiba Djellouli, Oumlkheir Kacimi, Z. Boucherit-Otmani
The Saharan and steppe spontaneous plants are very characteristic because of their particular adaptation to the desert and extreme environment. Some species have pharmacological properties that give them a medicinal interest. The aim of the present work was to determine the polyphenol contents of essential oils obtained from four endemic plants growing in Algeria ( Pituranthos scoparius , Myrtus nivellei , Rosmarinus officinalis and Mentha piperita ), and study its biological activity, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hemolytic. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method against twelve strains. The antioxidant activity was carried out by two methods (DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power). However, the hemolytic effect has been evaluated against the red blood cells. P. scoparius and M. piperita showed yields of essential oils higher than 1%. All the strains showed sensitivity against the essential oils tested with the exception of the C. albicans treated by R. officinalis essential oils. The most sensitive strain was C. albicans treated by P. scoparius essential oils by MIC of 0.0781 mg/mL, it was the same plant that shows the highest polyphenol content (14.78 ± 0.72 g GAE/g DS). The antioxidant activity by the DPPH method was greater for all essential oils tested by IC 50 ranging from 0.69 ± 0.07 ( R. officinalis ) to 30.67 ± 2.12 mg/mL ( M. nivellei ). The R. officinalis essential oils reported more antioxidant power than the positive control (ascorbic acid). In reducing iron, it was the R. officinalis essential oils which were found to be the most active with an EC 50 concentration of 9.67 ± 1.36 mg/mL. After 120 min incubation, minimal haemolysis (10%) was obtained with essential oils of R. officinalis at a concentration of 0.39 mg/mL. We conclude that P. scoparius essential oils showed the high content of polyphenols and R. officinalis essential oils reported more antioxidant power than the positive control (ascorbic acid).
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