coated pits/vesicles was the best-characterized endocytic pathway. Since then now, intensive research on the mechanisms of both RME and receptor-mediated virus-cell fusion (receptor-mediated fusion - RMF) helped to expand the list of chemical compounds with potential clinical application as antiviral agents, the so-called entry inhibitors, e.g. (i) inhibitors of clathrin-, dynamin-2-, caveolin- and/or lipid rafts-dependent RME, and (ii) inhibitors of RMF. Accordingly, in the present Dance Round we update and enlarge our hypothesis of RME-based antiviral pharmacology. Biomed Rev 2018; 29: 109-118
{"title":"RME-based pharmacology: The inhibition of viral entry as therapeutic perspective in viral diseases including AIDS. Hypothesis updated and enlarged","authors":"G. Chaldakov, S. Yanev","doi":"10.14748/bmr.v29.5856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/bmr.v29.5856","url":null,"abstract":"coated pits/vesicles was the best-characterized endocytic pathway. Since then now, intensive research on the mechanisms of both RME and receptor-mediated virus-cell fusion (receptor-mediated fusion - RMF) helped to expand the list of chemical compounds with potential clinical application as antiviral agents, the so-called entry inhibitors, e.g. (i) inhibitors of clathrin-, dynamin-2-, caveolin- and/or lipid rafts-dependent RME, and (ii) inhibitors of RMF. Accordingly, in the present Dance Round we update and enlarge our hypothesis of RME-based antiviral pharmacology. Biomed Rev 2018; 29: 109-118","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75192066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. D’Aguanno, M. Ralli, M. Fiore, M. Ceccanti, C. Severini, Flavia Flaccadoro, L. Longo, A. Greco, M. Vicentiis
Supracricoid laryngectomies (SCLs) are conservative surgical techniques for the treatment of selected laryngeal carcinomas and are considered an organ-sparing alternative to total laryngectomy and chemo-radiotherapy. The main characteristics of SCLs are the preservation of the main laryngeal functions as respiration, phonation and swallowing, without a permanent tracheostomy. Supracricoid laryngectomies have been questioned for many years as regarding functional and oncological outcomes and are currently accepted, although patient selection criteria and functional results are still debated. The mainstream of this surgery is the maintenance of one functioning cricoarytenoid unit to allow restoring of swallowing and phonation. Thus, post-operative rehabilitation protocol is required to archive functional outcomes and avoid functional failure of this surgery; an early rehabilitation protocol improves functional results, in particular regarding swallowing. Swallowing and voice functional outcomes differ among several centres and are often related to the post-operative management, although SCLs provide commonly good swallowing and respiratory outcomes. To date, SCLs are proven surgical procedures for the treatment of laryngeal cancer and should be a valuable option to total laryngectomy and chemo-radiotherapy for selected advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In this clinical review, we discuss the clinical outcomes in patients treated with SCLs with particular attention to rehabilitation protocol and functional outcomes for swallowing and voice rehabilitation.
{"title":"Functional outcomes in supracricoid laryngectomy","authors":"V. D’Aguanno, M. Ralli, M. Fiore, M. Ceccanti, C. Severini, Flavia Flaccadoro, L. Longo, A. Greco, M. Vicentiis","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V29.5851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V29.5851","url":null,"abstract":"Supracricoid laryngectomies (SCLs) are conservative surgical techniques for the treatment of selected laryngeal carcinomas and are considered an organ-sparing alternative to total laryngectomy and chemo-radiotherapy. The main characteristics of SCLs are the preservation of the main laryngeal functions as respiration, phonation and swallowing, without a permanent tracheostomy. Supracricoid laryngectomies have been questioned for many years as regarding functional and oncological outcomes and are currently accepted, although patient selection criteria and functional results are still debated. The mainstream of this surgery is the maintenance of one functioning cricoarytenoid unit to allow restoring of swallowing and phonation. Thus, post-operative rehabilitation protocol is required to archive functional outcomes and avoid functional failure of this surgery; an early rehabilitation protocol improves functional results, in particular regarding swallowing. Swallowing and voice functional outcomes differ among several centres and are often related to the post-operative management, although SCLs provide commonly good swallowing and respiratory outcomes. To date, SCLs are proven surgical procedures for the treatment of laryngeal cancer and should be a valuable option to total laryngectomy and chemo-radiotherapy for selected advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In this clinical review, we discuss the clinical outcomes in patients treated with SCLs with particular attention to rehabilitation protocol and functional outcomes for swallowing and voice rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81194130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Carito, G. Parlapiano, D. Rasio, R. Paparella, V. Paolucci, G. Ferraguti, A. Greco, M. Ralli, S. Pichini, M. Fiore, G. Coriale, M. Ceccanti, L. Tarani
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a complex and malformative condition due to the teratogenic effect of alcohol consumed during pregnancy. Several epidemiological studies have shown that maternal alcohol use during pregnancy is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation in childhood. The effects of alcohol on the fetus range from abortion to a spectrum of clinical manifestations called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) that includes partial FAS (PFAS), neonatal Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD) and Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARND) up to the most severe disease which is the so-called FAS.
{"title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in pediatrics. FASD and the pediatrician","authors":"Valentina Carito, G. Parlapiano, D. Rasio, R. Paparella, V. Paolucci, G. Ferraguti, A. Greco, M. Ralli, S. Pichini, M. Fiore, G. Coriale, M. Ceccanti, L. Tarani","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V29.5847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V29.5847","url":null,"abstract":"Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a complex and malformative condition due to the teratogenic effect of alcohol consumed during pregnancy. Several epidemiological studies have shown that maternal alcohol use during pregnancy is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation in childhood. The effects of alcohol on the fetus range from abortion to a spectrum of clinical manifestations called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) that includes partial FAS (PFAS), neonatal Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD) and Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARND) up to the most severe disease which is the so-called FAS.","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87198699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In ancient Greek mythology, the Moirai (apportioners), known in English as the Fates, were the white-robed incarnations of destiny. The three Moirai were: • Clotho (Greek spinner) spun the thread of life from her Distaff onto her Spindle. Her Roman equivalent was Nona (the Ninth), who was originally a Goddess called upon in the ninth month of pregnancy. • Lachesis (Greek allotter) measured the thread of life allotted to each person with her measuring rod. Her Roman equivalent was Decima (the Tenth). • Atropos (Greek – inexorable or inevitable) was the cutter of the thread of life. Her Roman equivalent was Morta (Dead). Klotho protein* may indeed be one of the keys that could open the doors of longevity, presented herein as Chow-Ju (Japanese, Longevity is a Good Thing Chow is long, Ju something nice), a calligraphy given to me by Professor Hiroshi Yamamoto from the University of Kanazawa, Kanazawa, Japan. The Coming 2019 Year is illustrated herein by our BHF (Brain-and-Heart Friend) Todor Krastev, Professor of Architecture. CLOTHO, GIVE ALL THE EARTHIANS A CHANCE FOR HEALTHY AND CREATIVE LONGEVITY
{"title":"Clotho, give all the Earthians a chance for healthy and creative longevity","authors":"G. Chaldakov","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V29.5842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V29.5842","url":null,"abstract":"In ancient Greek mythology, the Moirai (apportioners), known in English as the Fates, were the white-robed incarnations of destiny. The three Moirai were: • Clotho (Greek spinner) spun the thread of life from her Distaff onto her Spindle. Her Roman equivalent was Nona (the Ninth), who was originally a Goddess called upon in the ninth month of pregnancy. • Lachesis (Greek allotter) measured the thread of life allotted to each person with her measuring rod. Her Roman equivalent was Decima (the Tenth). • Atropos (Greek – inexorable or inevitable) was the cutter of the thread of life. Her Roman equivalent was Morta (Dead). Klotho protein* may indeed be one of the keys that could open the doors of longevity, presented herein as Chow-Ju (Japanese, Longevity is a Good Thing Chow is long, Ju something nice), a calligraphy given to me by Professor Hiroshi Yamamoto from the University of Kanazawa, Kanazawa, Japan. The Coming 2019 Year is illustrated herein by our BHF (Brain-and-Heart Friend) Todor Krastev, Professor of Architecture. CLOTHO, GIVE ALL THE EARTHIANS A CHANCE FOR HEALTHY AND CREATIVE LONGEVITY","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84261379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In peroxidative biotransformations, reactions occurring outside the enzyme’s “active site” were seen to yield selective and specific outcomes. These observations had inspired me then to postulate that “such a non-active site and environment-dependent mechanism could play significant roles in life-sustenance processes, besides the well-established hierarchical molecular control mechanisms at genes’ and proteins’ levels”. Through the decade that followed, further research on these strings culminated into the formation of murburn concept, a stochastic scheme of electron/moiety transfers and interactions among molecules, unbound ions and radicals present in reaction milieu. The new understanding explained key qualitative and quantitative aspects of heme/flavin enzymology (substrate diversity, reaction stoichiometry, etc.) and electron transfer mechanism in these enzymes’ in vitro setups. Further, murburn schemes were proposed to explain xenobiotic metabolism, cellular respiration, bio-thermogenesis and maverick physiological dose-responses. This article deals with a brief summation of the development of murburn concept, its current status and potential implications/applications in biology and medicine.
{"title":"The ubiquitous biochemical logic of murburn concept","authors":"K. Manoj","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V29.5854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V29.5854","url":null,"abstract":"In peroxidative biotransformations, reactions occurring outside the enzyme’s “active site” were seen to yield selective and specific outcomes. These observations had inspired me then to postulate that “such a non-active site and environment-dependent mechanism could play significant roles in life-sustenance processes, besides the well-established hierarchical molecular control mechanisms at genes’ and proteins’ levels”. Through the decade that followed, further research on these strings culminated into the formation of murburn concept, a stochastic scheme of electron/moiety transfers and interactions among molecules, unbound ions and radicals present in reaction milieu. The new understanding explained key qualitative and quantitative aspects of heme/flavin enzymology (substrate diversity, reaction stoichiometry, etc.) and electron transfer mechanism in these enzymes’ in vitro setups. Further, murburn schemes were proposed to explain xenobiotic metabolism, cellular respiration, bio-thermogenesis and maverick physiological dose-responses. This article deals with a brief summation of the development of murburn concept, its current status and potential implications/applications in biology and medicine.","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87291626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The physiology of thermogenesis in mitochondria (mediated by uncoupling protein, UCP) has traditionally been explained as the dissipation of proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane into heat. However, there are differences of opinion on how thermogenesis is achieved by UCPs and the mechanistic theories have not been correlated sufficiently with UCP’s structure. Recent experimental evidence suggests strong correlation of diffusible reactive oxygen species (DROS) with UCP-induced thermogenesis. Further, the mechanistic explanations of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos) were recently revamped with murburn concept, which considers DROS as an obligatory catalytic agent in mOxPhos. Herein, we propose that UCPs (aided by the large pore and positively charged amino acids of aqueous-phase loops) enable protonation and transport of DROS. Thus, UCP facilitates DROS-reactions amongst themselves, forming water and liberating heat around the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thereby, the simple murburn scheme for biothermogenesis integrates structural information of UCP with its attributed physiological function.
{"title":"Murburn scheme for mitochondrial thermogenesis","authors":"K. Manoj, D. A. Gideon, Vivian David Jacob","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V29.5852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V29.5852","url":null,"abstract":"The physiology of thermogenesis in mitochondria (mediated by uncoupling protein, UCP) has traditionally been explained as the dissipation of proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane into heat. However, there are differences of opinion on how thermogenesis is achieved by UCPs and the mechanistic theories have not been correlated sufficiently with UCP’s structure. Recent experimental evidence suggests strong correlation of diffusible reactive oxygen species (DROS) with UCP-induced thermogenesis. Further, the mechanistic explanations of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos) were recently revamped with murburn concept, which considers DROS as an obligatory catalytic agent in mOxPhos. Herein, we propose that UCPs (aided by the large pore and positively charged amino acids of aqueous-phase loops) enable protonation and transport of DROS. Thus, UCP facilitates DROS-reactions amongst themselves, forming water and liberating heat around the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thereby, the simple murburn scheme for biothermogenesis integrates structural information of UCP with its attributed physiological function.","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75180234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here my aim is to relate, in outline, the two general models for scientific publishing - subscription-based and open access. Accordingly, the features and the ways for realising of two main types of open access publications - Gold open access and Green open access - are described. The quest to know the basic difference between these two types of open access continues. In addressing them I also highlight their current diffusion and some forecasts for their further extension. The open access publishing is a part of the subsequent goal for open science. Altogether, the present review should hopefully help the reader to appreciate what is required to advance knowledge, and how to benefit from open access publishing. Biomed Rev 2017; 28:125-133 Keywords: publishing model, gold open access, green open access, open science, predatory journals
{"title":"Towards Open Access Scientific Publishing","authors":"S. Akterian","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V28.4459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V28.4459","url":null,"abstract":"Here my aim is to relate, in outline, the two general models for scientific publishing - subscription-based and open access. Accordingly, the features and the ways for realising of two main types of open access publications - Gold open access and Green open access - are described. The quest to know the basic difference between these two types of open access continues. In addressing them I also highlight their current diffusion and some forecasts for their further extension. The open access publishing is a part of the subsequent goal for open science. Altogether, the present review should hopefully help the reader to appreciate what is required to advance knowledge, and how to benefit from open access publishing. Biomed Rev 2017; 28:125-133 Keywords: publishing model, gold open access, green open access, open science, predatory journals","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"172 1","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90229844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety of nanomaterials is a new scientific field, which draws increasing attention in literature. Among the challenges the field is facing are the insufficient amount and quality of nanotoxicological data and the ambiguity in the metrics describing the exposure. This results in substantial difficulties in the actual quantification of risk in terms of dose-response relationships and exposure limits, which is a cornerstone of chemical risk assessment. While there is no golden standard for risk assessment and management several pragmatic systems have come into being. All of these employ some form of categorization and grouping of materials into hazard groups. The present review aims to draw analogies between the nascent field of nanosafety and the well established field of biosafety, where the risk is also difficult to quantify. Biomed Rev 2017; 28:100-104.
{"title":"Management of health risk related to use of engineered nanomaterials. An analogy with biosafety","authors":"D. Prodanov","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V28.4455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V28.4455","url":null,"abstract":"Safety of nanomaterials is a new scientific field, which draws increasing attention in literature. Among the challenges the field is facing are the insufficient amount and quality of nanotoxicological data and the ambiguity in the metrics describing the exposure. This results in substantial difficulties in the actual quantification of risk in terms of dose-response relationships and exposure limits, which is a cornerstone of chemical risk assessment. While there is no golden standard for risk assessment and management several pragmatic systems have come into being. All of these employ some form of categorization and grouping of materials into hazard groups. The present review aims to draw analogies between the nascent field of nanosafety and the well established field of biosafety, where the risk is also difficult to quantify. Biomed Rev 2017; 28:100-104.","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"70 1","pages":"100-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79744636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colchicine, isolated from Colchicum autumnale, is a drug for acute gouty arthritis known from thousands of years whose use has survived to modernity. Over the past decades, the use for this very old drug extended beyond gout therapy. This was due to the advance in knowledge of (i) association of hyperuricemia and gout with cardiovascular disease, (ii) cytoskeletal microtubules (МТ), and (iii) anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of colchicine, a classical MT-disassembling agent (antitubulin). Here, we present the Bulgarian contribution to colchicine potential in the therapy of cardiovascular disease that has emerged in the early 1970`s in the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Medical Institute, Varna, Bulgaria, studying the secretory (fibrogenic) function of vascular smooth muscle cells. From this time onward, low-dose colchicine (LoDoCo, 0.5 - 1.0 mg/daily) was increasingly administered orally for therapy of cardiovascular disease such as acute coronary syndromes, cardiac surgery postoperative atrial fibrillation, pericarditis, cardiac hypertrophy-associated heart failure, and systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Thus colchicine might be a new tool in the present therapeutic armamentarium for these diseases. It is simply an example of MT-disassembling drugs. Further studies will definitely be required before gaining real confidence in this kind of antitubulin therapy. This may lead to developing new and more specific antitubulins for therapy of cardiovascular disease. Biomed Rev 2017; 28: 105-110. Keywords: microtubules, tubulin, colchicine, antitubulins, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, fibrosis
{"title":"Colchicine, Inflammation and Fibrosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Merging Three Classical Tales","authors":"G. Chaldakov","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V28.4456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V28.4456","url":null,"abstract":"Colchicine, isolated from Colchicum autumnale, is a drug for acute gouty arthritis known from thousands of years whose use has survived to modernity. Over the past decades, the use for this very old drug extended beyond gout therapy. This was due to the advance in knowledge of (i) association of hyperuricemia and gout with cardiovascular disease, (ii) cytoskeletal microtubules (МТ), and (iii) anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of colchicine, a classical MT-disassembling agent (antitubulin). Here, we present the Bulgarian contribution to colchicine potential in the therapy of cardiovascular disease that has emerged in the early 1970`s in the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Medical Institute, Varna, Bulgaria, studying the secretory (fibrogenic) function of vascular smooth muscle cells. From this time onward, low-dose colchicine (LoDoCo, 0.5 - 1.0 mg/daily) was increasingly administered orally for therapy of cardiovascular disease such as acute coronary syndromes, cardiac surgery postoperative atrial fibrillation, pericarditis, cardiac hypertrophy-associated heart failure, and systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Thus colchicine might be a new tool in the present therapeutic armamentarium for these diseases. It is simply an example of MT-disassembling drugs. Further studies will definitely be required before gaining real confidence in this kind of antitubulin therapy. This may lead to developing new and more specific antitubulins for therapy of cardiovascular disease. Biomed Rev 2017; 28: 105-110. Keywords: microtubules, tubulin, colchicine, antitubulins, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, fibrosis","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74971397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While there is a tendency for career scientists to focus throughout most of their careers on a quite narrow range of research topics, my experience over a period of more than 50 years has been broad, from carcinogenesis to diffusion theory. There have been times when intense work has been done on particular subjects, for example, in exploring the structure and function of primary cilia, now implicated in 40-50 medical disorders. Such experiences constantly inform one how best to approach difficult and often fundamental issues regarding the nature of life, and also how it becomes distorted in the development of cancer. The quest to know the basic difference between normal and malignant cells continues. In addressing these problems we also learn how little we know about such matters, and about the Universe, life and ourselves. I relate, in outline, many of the experiences I have had since they have taught me lessons about how to go about scientific and medical research and how to maintain an enthusiasm for the work. My aim here is to relate from a personal (highly subjective) viewpoint the issues that should help the reader to appreciate what is required to advance knowledge, and how to benefit from the little advice that I can offer regarding their future endeavours. Biomed Rev 2017; 28:111-119. Keywords: Eureka moment, scientific career, research experience, carcinogenesis, primary cilia, cell metabolism
{"title":"On the Nature of Scientific Discovery and Progress – Lessons From a Career in Cancer Research","authors":"D. Wheatley","doi":"10.14748/BMR.V28.4457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/BMR.V28.4457","url":null,"abstract":"While there is a tendency for career scientists to focus throughout most of their careers on a quite narrow range of research topics, my experience over a period of more than 50 years has been broad, from carcinogenesis to diffusion theory. There have been times when intense work has been done on particular subjects, for example, in exploring the structure and function of primary cilia, now implicated in 40-50 medical disorders. Such experiences constantly inform one how best to approach difficult and often fundamental issues regarding the nature of life, and also how it becomes distorted in the development of cancer. The quest to know the basic difference between normal and malignant cells continues. In addressing these problems we also learn how little we know about such matters, and about the Universe, life and ourselves. I relate, in outline, many of the experiences I have had since they have taught me lessons about how to go about scientific and medical research and how to maintain an enthusiasm for the work. My aim here is to relate from a personal (highly subjective) viewpoint the issues that should help the reader to appreciate what is required to advance knowledge, and how to benefit from the little advice that I can offer regarding their future endeavours. Biomed Rev 2017; 28:111-119. Keywords: Eureka moment, scientific career, research experience, carcinogenesis, primary cilia, cell metabolism","PeriodicalId":8906,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Reviews","volume":"69 1","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86193328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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