The health matters associated with migration are crucial public health challenges faced by both governments and societies. According to United Nations estimates, 120 million of the approximately 175 million migrants worldwide are migrant workers with their families (1). Legal and illegal workers have a different status and, therefore, varying levels of access to social and health services. The collective health needs and implications of this sizeable population are considerable, and different health determinants and levels of vulnerability could impact on their health (2). The main public health goal is to avoid disparities in health status and access to health services between migrants and the host population (3). The second, closely associated principle, is to ensure migrants’ health rights, as stated during the 4th Conference on Migrant and Ethnic Minority Health in Europe which took place from 21st to 23rd June 2012 in Milan, where Migrants and ethnic minorities were confirmed as a benefit to the society (4).
{"title":"Migrant health: a value for public health","authors":"P. Laurenti, S. Bruno","doi":"10.2427/7497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/7497","url":null,"abstract":"The health matters associated with migration are crucial public health challenges faced by both governments and societies. According to United Nations estimates, 120 million of the approximately 175 million migrants worldwide are migrant workers with their families (1). Legal and illegal workers have a different status and, therefore, varying levels of access to social and health services. The collective health needs and implications of this sizeable population are considerable, and different health determinants and levels of vulnerability could impact on their health (2). The main public health goal is to avoid disparities in health status and access to health services between migrants and the host population (3). The second, closely associated principle, is to ensure migrants’ health rights, as stated during the 4th Conference on Migrant and Ethnic Minority Health in Europe which took place from 21st to 23rd June 2012 in Milan, where Migrants and ethnic minorities were confirmed as a benefit to the society (4).","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"2012 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68881337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the title, this is not an announcement of a new journal. With the first issue of 2013, the Italian Journal of Public Health will change its name, after ten years, and Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Public Health (EBPH) is ready to pick up the baton.With the launch of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Public Health, the Italian Journal of Public Health incorporates another existing journal: Biomedical Statistics and Clinical Epidemiology.The two main reasons for this change lie both in the title of the new journal. The first one refers to public health as the key of our scientific and editorial policy.EBPH aims to be a support for the International scientific community in its efforts to reduce the negative impact on public health of the current economic situation, and most specifically to provide scientific evidence to serve as a basis for the difficult economic and financial choices now required in any Public Health policy.
尽管标题是这样，但这并不是一份新期刊的公告。《意大利公共卫生杂志》(Italian Journal of Public Health)将在时隔十年后，于2013年第一期更名。流行病学、生物统计学和公共卫生(EBPH)已准备好接过接力棒。随着《流行病学、生物统计学和公共卫生》杂志的推出，《意大利公共卫生杂志》合并了另一份现有杂志:《生物医学统计和临床流行病学》。这一变化的两个主要原因都在于新期刊的名称。第一个是将公共卫生作为我们科学和编辑政策的关键。该方案的目标是支持国际科学界努力减少当前经济形势对公共卫生的不利影响，最具体地说，是提供科学证据，作为目前任何公共卫生政策所要求的困难的经济和财政选择的依据。
{"title":"Walking across evidence and sustainability of public health policies -do we need a new journal?","authors":"W. Ricciardi, G. Corrao","doi":"10.2427/7496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/7496","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the title, this is not an announcement of a new journal. With the first issue of 2013, the Italian Journal of Public Health will change its name, after ten years, and Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Public Health (EBPH) is ready to pick up the baton.With the launch of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Public Health, the Italian Journal of Public Health incorporates another existing journal: Biomedical Statistics and Clinical Epidemiology.The two main reasons for this change lie both in the title of the new journal. The first one refers to public health as the key of our scientific and editorial policy.EBPH aims to be a support for the International scientific community in its efforts to reduce the negative impact on public health of the current economic situation, and most specifically to provide scientific evidence to serve as a basis for the difficult economic and financial choices now required in any Public Health policy.","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68881326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Torre, A. D. Belvis, D. D. Thiene, R. Saulle, M. Marino, M. Specchia, P. Villari, W. Ricciardi, A. Boccia
Background : Stewardship is contemplated as a way to make the national Health Service more efficient and effective within the context of devolution. In december 2010, the Minister of Health commissioned the university of “Sapienza" and “cattolica" of rome the task of testing and ensuring that we have the appropriate tools for evaluating the implementation level of Stewardship as part of the realization of the actions contemplated in the national Prevention Plan and their application to the Italian regions context. Methods:the method of analysis included two phases: 1) implementation of the evaluation model and assessment tool; 2) validation of the tool, with the objective of ascertaining its technical-informational functionality. the questionnaire included 141 answers in a closed format (singles or multiples) and was subdivided into five areas of analysis. every function of Stewardship was adjusted by a “weight" and a score (from 0 to 5) assigned by a panel of experts was applied to each item. Results :“ensuring accountability" was indicated as the most important Stewardship function. “ensuring accountability", “leadership", “resources Management and services", “accountability" and “evidence based medicine/evidence based prevention", respectively, characterized each function. responses were received from 75% of experts. Moreover, suggestions were collected for each question. Conclusions : considering this relatively new field of interest, to date there are no tools for looking at all aspects of stewardship. However, a rigorous instrument could be crucial for the success of policies. the proposed method could enable one to assess the level of Stewardship implementation, and to compare and propose actions for improvement. this could be essential to achieving the highest levels of quality in Public Health....
{"title":"The development of a tool for measuring the implementation of stewardship in public health","authors":"G. Torre, A. D. Belvis, D. D. Thiene, R. Saulle, M. Marino, M. Specchia, P. Villari, W. Ricciardi, A. Boccia","doi":"10.2427/6346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6346","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Stewardship is contemplated as a way to make the national Health Service more efficient and effective within the context of devolution. In december 2010, the Minister of Health commissioned the university of “Sapienza\" and “cattolica\" of rome the task of testing and ensuring that we have the appropriate tools for evaluating the implementation level of Stewardship as part of the realization of the actions contemplated in the national Prevention Plan and their application to the Italian regions context. Methods:the method of analysis included two phases: 1) implementation of the evaluation model and assessment tool; 2) validation of the tool, with the objective of ascertaining its technical-informational functionality. the questionnaire included 141 answers in a closed format (singles or multiples) and was subdivided into five areas of analysis. every function of Stewardship was adjusted by a “weight\" and a score (from 0 to 5) assigned by a panel of experts was applied to each item. Results :“ensuring accountability\" was indicated as the most important Stewardship function. “ensuring accountability\", “leadership\", “resources Management and services\", “accountability\" and “evidence based medicine/evidence based prevention\", respectively, characterized each function. responses were received from 75% of experts. Moreover, suggestions were collected for each question. Conclusions : considering this relatively new field of interest, to date there are no tools for looking at all aspects of stewardship. However, a rigorous instrument could be crucial for the success of policies. the proposed method could enable one to assess the level of Stewardship implementation, and to compare and propose actions for improvement. this could be essential to achieving the highest levels of quality in Public Health....","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"33 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68881239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Coniglio, E. Sidoti, S. Pignato, G. Giammarco, M. Marranzano
enrolled university students met the criteria of definite Iad, although a fairly high level of at-risk Internet attitudes and behaviors was found. Finally, some gender differences in Internet attitudes and behaviors were found. conclus Ions: the implications drawn from this study, including the adequacy of the available measurement instruments for I ad, are discussed.
{"title":"A pilot study of Internet usage patterns in a group of Italian university students","authors":"M. A. Coniglio, E. Sidoti, S. Pignato, G. Giammarco, M. Marranzano","doi":"10.2427/6341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6341","url":null,"abstract":"enrolled university students met the criteria of definite Iad, although a fairly high level of at-risk Internet attitudes and behaviors was found. Finally, some gender differences in Internet attitudes and behaviors were found. conclus Ions: the implications drawn from this study, including the adequacy of the available measurement instruments for I ad, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"4 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68880894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extract : Human medicine and animal medicine have developed as "one medicine" starting from the times in which their bases were laid until the mid 18th century when specialisation proved necessary.The separation has been the logical consequence of the construction of different fields of action, made necessary by the evolution of the disciplines and of the social and economic context, but common areas have remained relevant and are strongly required by modern developments...
{"title":"Increasing the collaboration between human and animal medicine: an effort of the Federation of European Academies of Medicine (FEAM)","authors":"H. Blum, P. Villari, L. Frati","doi":"10.2427/6334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6334","url":null,"abstract":"Extract : Human medicine and animal medicine have developed as \"one medicine\" starting from the times in which their bases were laid until the mid 18th century when specialisation proved necessary.The separation has been the logical consequence of the construction of different fields of action, made necessary by the evolution of the disciplines and of the social and economic context, but common areas have remained relevant and are strongly required by modern developments...","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"51 5 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68881141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Boccia, B. Simone, M. R. Gualano, A. Agodi, D. Coviello, F. D. Bricarelli, B. Dallapiccola, E. Maria, M. Genuardi, W. Ricciardi
Public Health Genomics (PHG) has been defined as the responsible and effective translation of genome-based knowledge for the benefit of population health (Bellagio workshop, April 2005). The Italian Network of Public Health Genomics (GENISAP, http://istituti.unicatt.it/igiene_1830.html) was founded in 2006 as a follow-up of the PHG European Network (PHGEN) research activities. It is coordinated by Walter Ricciardi and Stefania Boccia from the Institute of Hygiene of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome. The aim of GENISAP is to integrate genomics into public health policy and practice in Italy in a responsible and effective manner. As such, GENISAP members elaborated the present document to describe the state of the art of PHG in Italy, in order to encourage the generation of evidence-based knowledge on genetic testing especially for common complex disorders. In Italy, about 560,000 genetic tests, including 311,069 cytogenetic and 248,691 molecular analyses, were recorded in 2007, but there is limited experience of translation of genomic testing for complex diseases into clinical practice (mostly on hereditary breast/ovarian and colorectal cancer syndromes). The collaboration between the Italian Health Ministry - that has introduced an action plan on genomics and predictive medicine in the 2010-2012 National Prevention Plan - and the GENISAP network will result in a fast advancement of Public Health Genomics in Italy.
{"title":"La Genomica in Sanità Pubblica. Sintesi delle evidenze e delle conoscenze disponibili sull’utilizzo della genomica ai fini della prevenzione","authors":"S. Boccia, B. Simone, M. R. Gualano, A. Agodi, D. Coviello, F. D. Bricarelli, B. Dallapiccola, E. Maria, M. Genuardi, W. Ricciardi","doi":"10.2427/6349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6349","url":null,"abstract":"Public Health Genomics (PHG) has been defined as the responsible and effective translation of genome-based knowledge for the benefit of population health (Bellagio workshop, April 2005). The Italian Network of Public Health Genomics (GENISAP, http://istituti.unicatt.it/igiene_1830.html) was founded in 2006 as a follow-up of the PHG European Network (PHGEN) research activities. It is coordinated by Walter Ricciardi and Stefania Boccia from the Institute of Hygiene of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome. The aim of GENISAP is to integrate genomics into public health policy and practice in Italy in a responsible and effective manner. As such, GENISAP members elaborated the present document to describe the state of the art of PHG in Italy, in order to encourage the generation of evidence-based knowledge on genetic testing especially for common complex disorders. In Italy, about 560,000 genetic tests, including 311,069 cytogenetic and 248,691 molecular analyses, were recorded in 2007, but there is limited experience of translation of genomic testing for complex diseases into clinical practice (mostly on hereditary breast/ovarian and colorectal cancer syndromes). The collaboration between the Italian Health Ministry - that has introduced an action plan on genomics and predictive medicine in the 2010-2012 National Prevention Plan - and the GENISAP network will result in a fast advancement of Public Health Genomics in Italy.","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68881300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Delogu, M. A. Marco, C. Cotti, L. D. Trani, E. Raffini, S. Puzelli, R. Webster, Antonio Cassone, I. Donatelli
Background : infectious low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPaIVs) have been recently detected on feathers of wild ducks. Laboratory trial results suggested that the preen oil gland secretion, covering waterbirds’ feathers, may attract and concentrate virus particles from aIV-contaminated waters to birds’ bodies. We evaluated whether ducks can become infected by the ingestion of preen oil-associated viral particles, experimentally smeared on their plumage. In addition, we compared virologic and serologic results obtained from mallards whose feathers were experimentally infected, with those from wild mallards naturally carrying aIVs on feathers. Methods : we experimentally coated 7 mallards (anas plathyrynchos) using preen oil mixed with a LPaIV (h10n7 subtype), and housed them for 45 days with a control, uncoated duck. cloacal, oropharyngeal and feather swabs were collected from all birds and examined for aIV molecular detection and isolation. Blood samples were also taken to detect influenza specific antibodies. In addition, sera from 10 wild mallards, carrying on feathers infectious LPaIV h10n7, were examined. Results : virologic and serologic results indicated that through self- and allopreening all the birds experimentally coated with the preen oil/aIV mix and the control duck ingested viruses covering feathers and became infected. Virus isolation from feathers was up to 32 days post-coating treatment. one out of 8 wild mallards showing antibodies against type a influenza virus was seropositive for h10 subtype too. Conclusions : our experimental and field results show evidences suggesting that uninfected birds carrying viruses on their feathers, including immune ones, might play an active role in spreading aIV infection in nature. For this reason, routine aIV surveillance programs, aimed at detecting intestinal and/or respiratory viruses, should include the collection of samples, such as feather swabs, enabling the detection of viruses sticky to preened birds’ bodies....
{"title":"Human and animal integrated influenza surveillance: a novel sampling approach for an additional transmission way in the aquatic bird reservoir","authors":"M. Delogu, M. A. Marco, C. Cotti, L. D. Trani, E. Raffini, S. Puzelli, R. Webster, Antonio Cassone, I. Donatelli","doi":"10.2427/6338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6338","url":null,"abstract":"Background : infectious low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPaIVs) have been recently detected on feathers of wild ducks. Laboratory trial results suggested that the preen oil gland secretion, covering waterbirds’ feathers, may attract and concentrate virus particles from aIV-contaminated waters to birds’ bodies. We evaluated whether ducks can become infected by the ingestion of preen oil-associated viral particles, experimentally smeared on their plumage. In addition, we compared virologic and serologic results obtained from mallards whose feathers were experimentally infected, with those from wild mallards naturally carrying aIVs on feathers. Methods : we experimentally coated 7 mallards (anas plathyrynchos) using preen oil mixed with a LPaIV (h10n7 subtype), and housed them for 45 days with a control, uncoated duck. cloacal, oropharyngeal and feather swabs were collected from all birds and examined for aIV molecular detection and isolation. Blood samples were also taken to detect influenza specific antibodies. In addition, sera from 10 wild mallards, carrying on feathers infectious LPaIV h10n7, were examined. Results : virologic and serologic results indicated that through self- and allopreening all the birds experimentally coated with the preen oil/aIV mix and the control duck ingested viruses covering feathers and became infected. Virus isolation from feathers was up to 32 days post-coating treatment. one out of 8 wild mallards showing antibodies against type a influenza virus was seropositive for h10 subtype too. Conclusions : our experimental and field results show evidences suggesting that uninfected birds carrying viruses on their feathers, including immune ones, might play an active role in spreading aIV infection in nature. For this reason, routine aIV surveillance programs, aimed at detecting intestinal and/or respiratory viruses, should include the collection of samples, such as feather swabs, enabling the detection of viruses sticky to preened birds’ bodies....","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"84 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68880741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Colasante, Mercedes Gori, A. Pitino, Raffaella Lovaste, L. Molteni, S. Molinaro
Background : drug abuse is a social and public health problem, with high costs to society. It is, therefore, important to develop effective treatments for this problem, and evaluate these by identifying determinants of successful outcomes in order to plan more efficient public health interventions.The methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), at an appropriate dosage, is recognized as the most effective therapy for opiate addiction, but it is very important to consider the motivation and stage of change of patients for reaching treatment success. These must also be considered when investigating the determinants of MMT success. The aim of this study is to identify the determinants of successful MMT given to “heroin-addicts" attending the drug addiction Services of the Local Health unit of the Italian autonomous Province of Trento in two groups of patients, as outlined below. Methods : a retrospective cohort study was conducted. 393 heroin addicted patients, admitted for the first time to a MMT program in the drug addiction Services of Trento Local Health unit between the years 2000-2008, were considered. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the objective of treatment suggested by the clinical team and negotiated with the patient: group a labelled high evolution, group B low evolution.High evolution corresponds to a clinical situation in which, by opinion of the operators, the patient has the ability to pursue goals of change. In these cases, the methadone treatment is aimed at reaching a drug free condition and the goal/outcome is opioid abstinence (negative urine results in 90%-100%). Low evolution is characterized by little or no compliance to the assessment and/or therapeutic proposal aimed at achieving change. In these cases, the methadone treatment is aimed at achieving two or more of the following objectives: retention in treatment regimens, improvement of health and/or psychological distress, reduction of criminal activity, of overdose risk, of risk behavior and increase of work.The probability of successful treatment was estimated by means of a multivariate logistic model. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results : for group a, the absence of previous admissions into rehabilitation centres, and social therapy associated with MMT were associated to an overall successful treatment.For the group B, the determinants of successful MMT were: having started treatment after 35 years, having a low educational level, not having previous imprisonments and not assuming the substance more than once a week. Conclusions : the “program" related factors usually considered (like for instance: previous admissions into rehabilitation centres, social therapy) and “individual" ones (like for instance: having started treatment after 35 years, having a low educational level, not having previous imprisonments and not assuming the substance more than once a week ), influenced the effectiveness of MMT in a different way: if f
{"title":"Determinants of successful methadone maintenance treatments in two groups of patients: a first study","authors":"E. Colasante, Mercedes Gori, A. Pitino, Raffaella Lovaste, L. Molteni, S. Molinaro","doi":"10.2427/6344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6344","url":null,"abstract":"Background : drug abuse is a social and public health problem, with high costs to society. It is, therefore, important to develop effective treatments for this problem, and evaluate these by identifying determinants of successful outcomes in order to plan more efficient public health interventions.The methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), at an appropriate dosage, is recognized as the most effective therapy for opiate addiction, but it is very important to consider the motivation and stage of change of patients for reaching treatment success. These must also be considered when investigating the determinants of MMT success. The aim of this study is to identify the determinants of successful MMT given to “heroin-addicts\" attending the drug addiction Services of the Local Health unit of the Italian autonomous Province of Trento in two groups of patients, as outlined below. Methods : a retrospective cohort study was conducted. 393 heroin addicted patients, admitted for the first time to a MMT program in the drug addiction Services of Trento Local Health unit between the years 2000-2008, were considered. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the objective of treatment suggested by the clinical team and negotiated with the patient: group a labelled high evolution, group B low evolution.High evolution corresponds to a clinical situation in which, by opinion of the operators, the patient has the ability to pursue goals of change. In these cases, the methadone treatment is aimed at reaching a drug free condition and the goal/outcome is opioid abstinence (negative urine results in 90%-100%). Low evolution is characterized by little or no compliance to the assessment and/or therapeutic proposal aimed at achieving change. In these cases, the methadone treatment is aimed at achieving two or more of the following objectives: retention in treatment regimens, improvement of health and/or psychological distress, reduction of criminal activity, of overdose risk, of risk behavior and increase of work.The probability of successful treatment was estimated by means of a multivariate logistic model. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results : for group a, the absence of previous admissions into rehabilitation centres, and social therapy associated with MMT were associated to an overall successful treatment.For the group B, the determinants of successful MMT were: having started treatment after 35 years, having a low educational level, not having previous imprisonments and not assuming the substance more than once a week. Conclusions : the “program\" related factors usually considered (like for instance: previous admissions into rehabilitation centres, social therapy) and “individual\" ones (like for instance: having started treatment after 35 years, having a low educational level, not having previous imprisonments and not assuming the substance more than once a week ), influenced the effectiveness of MMT in a different way: if f","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68880990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the last seven years, the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) has conducted a series of projects defining and clarifying priorities for European policy in infectious disease. Both human and animal populations are increasingly threatened by emerging and re-emerging infections, including zoonoses, partly attributable to the impact of environmental change on the distributions of pathogens, hosts and vectors. Among the key challenges to be faced are the impact of climate change, the increase of antibiotic resistance and the need to develop novel global surveillance and early warning systems worldwide. Multidisciplinary approaches are required to build the new interfaces between human and animal medicine (One Health), with new connections between epidemiological and environmental data for surveillance, communication and risk assessment. This multidisciplinarity involves integration between microbiology, immunology, genetics and genomics, entomology, ecology and the social sciences, among other disciplines. Improved understanding of patterns of both human and animal disease also requires commitment to standardisation of surveillance methodologies and better analysis, co-ordination and use of the data collected. There must be sustained support for fundamental research, for example to explore how pathogens cross the species barrier, encouragement for industry innovation in developing diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, and the increased use of scientific evidence to inform coherent strategic development across different policy-making functions and to support international leadership. Our paper is intended as an introduction to some of the issues for building collaboration between human and animal medicine, to be discussed in greater detail in the other contributions to this Issue.
{"title":"Human and animal health in Europe: the view from the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) on challenges in infectious disease","authors":"Fears Robin, V. Meulen","doi":"10.2427/6335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6335","url":null,"abstract":"For the last seven years, the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) has conducted a series of projects defining and clarifying priorities for European policy in infectious disease. Both human and animal populations are increasingly threatened by emerging and re-emerging infections, including zoonoses, partly attributable to the impact of environmental change on the distributions of pathogens, hosts and vectors. Among the key challenges to be faced are the impact of climate change, the increase of antibiotic resistance and the need to develop novel global surveillance and early warning systems worldwide. Multidisciplinary approaches are required to build the new interfaces between human and animal medicine (One Health), with new connections between epidemiological and environmental data for surveillance, communication and risk assessment. This multidisciplinarity involves integration between microbiology, immunology, genetics and genomics, entomology, ecology and the social sciences, among other disciplines. Improved understanding of patterns of both human and animal disease also requires commitment to standardisation of surveillance methodologies and better analysis, co-ordination and use of the data collected. There must be sustained support for fundamental research, for example to explore how pathogens cross the species barrier, encouragement for industry innovation in developing diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, and the increased use of scientific evidence to inform coherent strategic development across different policy-making functions and to support international leadership. Our paper is intended as an introduction to some of the issues for building collaboration between human and animal medicine, to be discussed in greater detail in the other contributions to this Issue.","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68880668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The common pool of knowledge between veterinary and medical medicine has been frequently exploited to provide insights into basic biomedical science and its application in such areas as vaccine development, therapeutics and diagnostics. In this paper the essential interplay between the disciplines of medicine and veterinary medicine is discussed and illustrated in detail in such areas as prion diseases, zoonotic infectious diseases and genetic diseases of dogs.Considerations are also made about the integration of medical and veterinary education, with indications of the critical needs for maximizing the opportunities for “One Medicine" both in medical and veterinary education and for research.The essential and fascinating interplay between medicine, veterinary medicine and basic biomedical sciences can do more to advance knowledge in both medicine and veterinary medicine than either can achieve on their own....
{"title":"Comparative medicine - with some thoughts about the integration of medical and veterinary education","authors":"I. Mcconnell","doi":"10.2427/6339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/6339","url":null,"abstract":"The common pool of knowledge between veterinary and medical medicine has been frequently exploited to provide insights into basic biomedical science and its application in such areas as vaccine development, therapeutics and diagnostics. In this paper the essential interplay between the disciplines of medicine and veterinary medicine is discussed and illustrated in detail in such areas as prion diseases, zoonotic infectious diseases and genetic diseases of dogs.Considerations are also made about the integration of medical and veterinary education, with indications of the critical needs for maximizing the opportunities for “One Medicine\" both in medical and veterinary education and for research.The essential and fascinating interplay between medicine, veterinary medicine and basic biomedical sciences can do more to advance knowledge in both medicine and veterinary medicine than either can achieve on their own....","PeriodicalId":89162,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of public health","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68880777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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