Electrohydrodynamic direct-writing (EHD-DW), a "near-field" electrospinning process, is considered as a promising technique to generate nanofibers in a non-contact, continuous, and controllable manner. However, the effect of process parameters on EHD-DW fibers' structures and the effect of fibers' structures on their properties have not yet been fully investigated. In this work, polycaprolactone (PCL) solution was used to fabricate EHD-DW fibers for investigating the process-structure-property correlations of EHD-DW. Three working modes of the electrospinning process and their corresponding regions in the process parameter space were studied. The surface roughness of EHD-DW fibers fabricated at different process parameters was measured. The impact of the surface roughness on the number and morphology of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attached to the EHD-DW fibers was investigated. The results suggest that the surface roughness, which can be controlled by the process parameters of EHD-DW, can significantly affect the attachment of hMSCs. The cell density upon seeding can be largely improved by tuning the process parameters to achieve a favorable surface roughness. This work revealed the process-structure-property correlations of EHD-DW technology. Guidelines for controlling the morphology and cellular adhesion of EHD-DW fibers are provided based on the results of this study.
{"title":"Quantitative Investigation of the Process Parameters of Electrohydrodynamic Direct-Writing and Their Effects on Fiber Morphology and Cell Adhesion","authors":"Chen Jiang, Kan Wang, Xuzhou Jiang, Ben Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3406396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3406396","url":null,"abstract":"Electrohydrodynamic direct-writing (EHD-DW), a \"near-field\" electrospinning process, is considered as a promising technique to generate nanofibers in a non-contact, continuous, and controllable manner. However, the effect of process parameters on EHD-DW fibers' structures and the effect of fibers' structures on their properties have not yet been fully investigated. In this work, polycaprolactone (PCL) solution was used to fabricate EHD-DW fibers for investigating the process-structure-property correlations of EHD-DW. Three working modes of the electrospinning process and their corresponding regions in the process parameter space were studied. The surface roughness of EHD-DW fibers fabricated at different process parameters was measured. The impact of the surface roughness on the number and morphology of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attached to the EHD-DW fibers was investigated. The results suggest that the surface roughness, which can be controlled by the process parameters of EHD-DW, can significantly affect the attachment of hMSCs. The cell density upon seeding can be largely improved by tuning the process parameters to achieve a favorable surface roughness. This work revealed the process-structure-property correlations of EHD-DW technology. Guidelines for controlling the morphology and cellular adhesion of EHD-DW fibers are provided based on the results of this study.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74090021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang Song, Gan Chen, Zhenwei Sun, Pan Shang, Guo-xing You, Jingxiang Zhao, Sisi Liu, D. Han, Hong Zhou
Vascular stiffening is associated with the prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction, as shown by reduced vasodilation and increased vasoconstriction,not only affects vascular tone, but also accelerates progression of CVD. However, the precise effect of vascular stiffening on endothelial function and its mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we found that increasing substrate stiffness promoted endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression and inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Additionally, miR-6740-5p was identified as a stiffness-sensitive microRNA, which was down regulated by a stiff substrate, and subsequently resulted in increased ET-1 expression.Furthermore, we found that substrate stiffening reduced expression and activity of the calcium channel TRPV4, which subsequently enhanced ET-1 expression by inhibiting miR-6740-5p. Finally, analysis of clinical plasma samples showed that plasma miR-6740-5p levels inpatients with carotid atherosclerosis were significantly lower than those in healthy people.Taken together, our findings show a novel mechanically regulated TRPV4/miR-6740/ET-1signaling axis by which substrate stiffness affects endothelial function. Our findings suggest that vascular stiffening induces endothelial dysfunction, and thereby accelerates progression of CVD. Furthermore, this study indicated that endothelial dysfunction induced by improper biophysical cues of cardiovascular implants may be an important reason for occurrence of complications for cardiovascular implants.
血管硬化与心血管疾病(CVD)预后相关。内皮功能障碍，表现为血管舒张减少和血管收缩增加，不仅影响血管张力，而且加速CVD的进展。然而，血管硬化对内皮功能的确切影响及其机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们发现底物硬度的增加促进了人脐静脉内皮细胞内皮素-1 (ET-1)的表达，抑制了内皮型一氧化氮合酶的表达。此外，miR-6740-5p被鉴定为刚度敏感的microRNA，它被刚性底物下调，随后导致ET-1表达增加。此外，我们发现底物硬化降低钙通道TRPV4的表达和活性，从而通过抑制miR-6740-5p增强ET-1的表达。最后，临床血浆样本分析显示，颈动脉粥样硬化患者血浆miR-6740-5p水平明显低于健康人。综上所述，我们的研究结果显示了一种新的机械调节的TRPV4/miR-6740/ et -1信号轴，基底刚度通过该信号轴影响内皮功能。我们的研究结果表明，血管硬化诱导内皮功能障碍，从而加速CVD的进展。此外，本研究表明，不适当的生物物理信号诱导的内皮功能障碍可能是心血管植入物并发症发生的重要原因。
{"title":"Matrix Stiffening Induce Endothelial Dysfunction Via the TRPV4/MicroRNA-6740/ET-1 Mechanotransduction Pathway","authors":"Xiang Song, Gan Chen, Zhenwei Sun, Pan Shang, Guo-xing You, Jingxiang Zhao, Sisi Liu, D. Han, Hong Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3387690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3387690","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular stiffening is associated with the prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction, as shown by reduced vasodilation and increased vasoconstriction,not only affects vascular tone, but also accelerates progression of CVD. However, the precise effect of vascular stiffening on endothelial function and its mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we found that increasing substrate stiffness promoted endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression and inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Additionally, miR-6740-5p was identified as a stiffness-sensitive microRNA, which was down regulated by a stiff substrate, and subsequently resulted in increased ET-1 expression.Furthermore, we found that substrate stiffening reduced expression and activity of the calcium channel TRPV4, which subsequently enhanced ET-1 expression by inhibiting miR-6740-5p. Finally, analysis of clinical plasma samples showed that plasma miR-6740-5p levels inpatients with carotid atherosclerosis were significantly lower than those in healthy people.Taken together, our findings show a novel mechanically regulated TRPV4/miR-6740/ET-1signaling axis by which substrate stiffness affects endothelial function. Our findings suggest that vascular stiffening induces endothelial dysfunction, and thereby accelerates progression of CVD. Furthermore, this study indicated that endothelial dysfunction induced by improper biophysical cues of cardiovascular implants may be an important reason for occurrence of complications for cardiovascular implants.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83567978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Shi, Mengyao Wang, Zhe Sun, Yangyang Liu, Jiangna Guo, Hailei Mao, Feng Yan
A series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based imidazolium-type ionic liquids (ILs) were designed and synthesized for bacterial killing and imaging, cell labeling, and bacterial detection in blood cells. The AIE-based ILs showed antibacterial activities against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The carbon chain length of substitution at the N3 position of the imidazolium cations highly affects the antibacterial properties of ILs. Owing to their AIE characteristics, the ILs could selectively capture fluorescence image of dead bacteria while killing the bacteria. The fluorescence intensity varied with the concentration of bacteria, indicating that AIE-based ILs has potential as an antibacterial material and an efficient probe for bacterial viability assay. In addition, the synthesized AIE-based ILs exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity and hemolysis rate and therefore potential for cell labeling, as well as bacterial detection in blood cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bacteria are ubiquitous, especially the pathogenic bacteria, which pose a serious threat to human health. There is an urgent need for materials with efficient antibacterial properties and biocompatibility and without causing drug resistance. In this work, we synthesized a series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-doped imidazolium type ionic liquids (ILs) with multifunction potential of bacterial killing and imaging, cell labeling, and detection of bacteria from blood cells. The synthesized AIE-based ILs can image dead bacteria at the same time of killing these bacteria, which can avoid the fluorescent dyeing process. Simultaneously, the fluorescent imaging of dead bacteria can be distinguished by the naked eye, and the fluorescence intensity from the AIE-based ILs varied with the concentration of bacteria. In addition, the AIE-based ILs exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity and hemolysis rate and therefore potential for cell labeling as well as detection of bacteria from red blood cell suspension.
{"title":"Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Ionic Liquids for Bacterial Killing, Imaging, Cell Labelling and Bacterial Detection in Blood Cells","authors":"Jie Shi, Mengyao Wang, Zhe Sun, Yangyang Liu, Jiangna Guo, Hailei Mao, Feng Yan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3368390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3368390","url":null,"abstract":"A series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based imidazolium-type ionic liquids (ILs) were designed and synthesized for bacterial killing and imaging, cell labeling, and bacterial detection in blood cells. The AIE-based ILs showed antibacterial activities against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The carbon chain length of substitution at the N3 position of the imidazolium cations highly affects the antibacterial properties of ILs. Owing to their AIE characteristics, the ILs could selectively capture fluorescence image of dead bacteria while killing the bacteria. The fluorescence intensity varied with the concentration of bacteria, indicating that AIE-based ILs has potential as an antibacterial material and an efficient probe for bacterial viability assay. In addition, the synthesized AIE-based ILs exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity and hemolysis rate and therefore potential for cell labeling, as well as bacterial detection in blood cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bacteria are ubiquitous, especially the pathogenic bacteria, which pose a serious threat to human health. There is an urgent need for materials with efficient antibacterial properties and biocompatibility and without causing drug resistance. In this work, we synthesized a series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-doped imidazolium type ionic liquids (ILs) with multifunction potential of bacterial killing and imaging, cell labeling, and detection of bacteria from blood cells. The synthesized AIE-based ILs can image dead bacteria at the same time of killing these bacteria, which can avoid the fluorescent dyeing process. Simultaneously, the fluorescent imaging of dead bacteria can be distinguished by the naked eye, and the fluorescence intensity from the AIE-based ILs varied with the concentration of bacteria. In addition, the AIE-based ILs exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity and hemolysis rate and therefore potential for cell labeling as well as detection of bacteria from red blood cell suspension.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82457361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In India rising threat of non-communicable diseases, increasing old age population, deteriorating food habits, poor doctor-patient ratio and low public interest in preventive health instruments causes a foremost loss to economy and country. Internet of Things based remote wearable sensors and the integrated cloud platform enable the healthcare providers and patients to work proactively on an analysis of vitals captured remotely with the help of wearable medical devices. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) refers to the worldwide network of interconnected medical devices and applications. On the clinical lateral, IoMT is being used to monitor a patient’s vitals (temperature, blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiration, ECG/EEG/EMG, etc.) and raise timely alarms. It is also being used for continuous monitoring of vitals and remotely assisting physicians with intuitive dashboards. It is surprising that despite of major benefits of applications mentioned above, IoT based health Start-ups are not performing well. This paper aims to accumulate the present and nascent literature on medical wearable’s devices from Industry, IoT India Congress Report, ASSOCHAM Report, Innovation Industries Conclaves, IEEE and various global researches. This is an original paper and holds significance as less of literature is available on Remote Connected Care Medical Wearable Technology in published domain. It will provide a robust literature review for future researchers.
在印度，非传染性疾病威胁上升、老年人口增加、饮食习惯恶化、医患比例差以及公众对预防性保健工具的兴趣不高，对经济和国家造成了重大损失。基于物联网的远程可穿戴传感器和集成云平台使医疗保健提供者和患者能够在可穿戴医疗设备的帮助下主动分析远程捕获的生命体征。医疗物联网(Internet of Medical Things, IoMT)是指互联医疗设备和应用的全球网络。在临床方面，IoMT正被用于监测患者的生命体征(体温、血氧饱和度、血压、呼吸、心电图/脑电图/肌电图等)并及时发出警报。它还被用于持续监测生命体征，并通过直观的仪表板远程协助医生。令人惊讶的是，尽管有上述应用程序的主要好处，但基于物联网的健康初创企业表现并不好。本文旨在从Industry, IoT India Congress Report, ASSOCHAM Report, Innovation Industries Conclaves, IEEE和各种全球研究中积累医疗可穿戴设备的现有和新兴文献。这是一篇原创论文，具有重要意义，因为在已发表的领域中，关于远程连接护理医疗可穿戴技术的文献较少。这将为未来的研究提供一个强有力的文献综述。
{"title":"Internet of Things Based Remote Wearable Health Solutions: Prospects and Area of Research","authors":"Shweta Nanda, Kapil Khattar, Saket Nanda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3351034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3351034","url":null,"abstract":"In India rising threat of non-communicable diseases, increasing old age population, deteriorating food habits, poor doctor-patient ratio and low public interest in preventive health instruments causes a foremost loss to economy and country. Internet of Things based remote wearable sensors and the integrated cloud platform enable the healthcare providers and patients to work proactively on an analysis of vitals captured remotely with the help of wearable medical devices. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) refers to the worldwide network of interconnected medical devices and applications. On the clinical lateral, IoMT is being used to monitor a patient’s vitals (temperature, blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiration, ECG/EEG/EMG, etc.) and raise timely alarms. It is also being used for continuous monitoring of vitals and remotely assisting physicians with intuitive dashboards. It is surprising that despite of major benefits of applications mentioned above, IoT based health Start-ups are not performing well. This paper aims to accumulate the present and nascent literature on medical wearable’s devices from Industry, IoT India Congress Report, ASSOCHAM Report, Innovation Industries Conclaves, IEEE and various global researches. This is an original paper and holds significance as less of literature is available on Remote Connected Care Medical Wearable Technology in published domain. It will provide a robust literature review for future researchers.<br>","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73356521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingjun Sun, Han Yu, Xuanbo Zhang, Hanqing Zhao, Qin Chen, Zhonggui He, C. Luo, J. Sun
Combination of chemotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promising applications in cancer therapy. However, co-encapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents and photosensitizers (PS) into the conventional nanocarriers suffers from inefficient co-loading and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect of PS trapped in dense carrier materials. Herein, we report a light-activatable photodynamic PEGylation-coated prodrug-nanoplatform for core-shell synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy. A novel photodynamic polymer is rationally designed and synthesized by conjugating pyropheophorbide a (PPa) to polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG2k). PPa is used as the hydrophobic and photodynamic moiety of the amphipathic PPa-PEG2k polymer. Then, a core-shell nanoassemblies is prepared, with an inner core of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive oleate prodrug of paclitaxel (PTX) and an outer layer of PPa-PEG2k. PPa-PEG2k serves both for PEGylation modification and PDT. Instead of being trapped in the inner core, PPa in the outer PPa-PEG2k layer significantly alleviates the ACQ effect. Under laser irradiation, ROS generated by PPa-PEG2k is not only used for PDT, but also synergistically promotes PTX release in combination with the endogenous ROS overproduced in tumor cells. The photodynamic PEGylation coated nanoassemblies demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity in vivo. Such a unique nanoplatform, with an inner chemotherapeutic core and an outer photodynamic PEGylation shell, provides a new strategy for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy.
{"title":"Photodynamic PEGylation Coated Prodrug-Nanoassemblies for Core-Shell Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy","authors":"Bingjun Sun, Han Yu, Xuanbo Zhang, Hanqing Zhao, Qin Chen, Zhonggui He, C. Luo, J. Sun","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3339833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339833","url":null,"abstract":"Combination of chemotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promising applications in cancer therapy. However, co-encapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents and photosensitizers (PS) into the conventional nanocarriers suffers from inefficient co-loading and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect of PS trapped in dense carrier materials. Herein, we report a light-activatable photodynamic PEGylation-coated prodrug-nanoplatform for core-shell synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy. A novel photodynamic polymer is rationally designed and synthesized by conjugating pyropheophorbide a (PPa) to polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG2k). PPa is used as the hydrophobic and photodynamic moiety of the amphipathic PPa-PEG2k polymer. Then, a core-shell nanoassemblies is prepared, with an inner core of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive oleate prodrug of paclitaxel (PTX) and an outer layer of PPa-PEG2k. PPa-PEG2k serves both for PEGylation modification and PDT. Instead of being trapped in the inner core, PPa in the outer PPa-PEG2k layer significantly alleviates the ACQ effect. Under laser irradiation, ROS generated by PPa-PEG2k is not only used for PDT, but also synergistically promotes PTX release in combination with the endogenous ROS overproduced in tumor cells. The photodynamic PEGylation coated nanoassemblies demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity in vivo. Such a unique nanoplatform, with an inner chemotherapeutic core and an outer photodynamic PEGylation shell, provides a new strategy for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86539640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng Ye, Hong Wang, Fenghua Zhao, T. Yuan, Jie Liang, Yujiang Fan, Xing‐dong Zhang
The evaluation of platelet activation of medical devices using in cardiovascular system is very meaningful. Currently, it is mainly based on the ISO10993-4 international standard. However, the methods given in the standard are originally designed for non-degradable materials, the applicability, the operability, and the convenience to degradable materials of the methods needs to be carefully studied. In this study, the platelet activation by 3 typical degradable materials (collagen, polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite) were evaluated by three widely used molecular markers CD62P, CD63, CD40L and the three molecular markers PF4, β-TG and TXB2 mentioned in the ISO10993-4 standard. The variations of the six markers in a simulated degradation process of the degradable materials were compared. It was found that the degree of platelet activation changed with the degradation and was strongly relative with the surface physicochemical properties. For example, when the surface roughness and contact angle of the materials change, the degree of platelet activation also changes. These six platelet activation molecular markers can to be the promising key for the assessing of platelet function in degradable medical devices which is instructive for the quality control and the development of new degradable medical devices.
{"title":"Evaluating the Platelet Activation Related to the Degradation of Biomaterials by Scheme of Molecular Markers","authors":"Sheng Ye, Hong Wang, Fenghua Zhao, T. Yuan, Jie Liang, Yujiang Fan, Xing‐dong Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3335365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335365","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of platelet activation of medical devices using in cardiovascular system is very meaningful. Currently, it is mainly based on the ISO10993-4 international standard. However, the methods given in the standard are originally designed for non-degradable materials, the applicability, the operability, and the convenience to degradable materials of the methods needs to be carefully studied. In this study, the platelet activation by 3 typical degradable materials (collagen, polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite) were evaluated by three widely used molecular markers CD62P, CD63, CD40L and the three molecular markers PF4, β-TG and TXB2 mentioned in the ISO10993-4 standard. The variations of the six markers in a simulated degradation process of the degradable materials were compared. It was found that the degree of platelet activation changed with the degradation and was strongly relative with the surface physicochemical properties. For example, when the surface roughness and contact angle of the materials change, the degree of platelet activation also changes. These six platelet activation molecular markers can to be the promising key for the assessing of platelet function in degradable medical devices which is instructive for the quality control and the development of new degradable medical devices.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83215641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianjie Li, Lijing Hao, Jiangyu Li, C. Du, Yingjun Wang
Surface chemistry of biomaterials plays a fundamental role in the adsorption of vitronectin (Vn), a crucial mediator for cell adhesion. However, the detailed structural information and dynamics mechanism of Vn adsorption to distinct surface chemistries relevant to its biological effect remains elusive. Herein, the conformation and orientation evolution during Vn adsorption to self-assembled monolayers terminating with -COOH, -NH2, -CH3 and -OH were investigated. To unravel the interplay between cell binding and surface charge and wettability, the N-terminal somatomedin-B domain housing the cell-binding motif of Vn was recruited in molecular dynamics simulations optimized with orientation initialization by Monte Carlo method. Experimental evidences including protein adsorption, cell adhesion and integrin gene expressions were thoroughly investigated. The adsorption of Vn on different surface chemistries showed very complex profiles. Cell adhesion was enabled on all the Vn-adsorbed surfaces but with distinct mechanisms relating to the adsorption quantity and orientation of Vn. The negatively charged surface (COOH) and the hydrophobic surface (CH3) adsorbed Vn with higher quantity and density. However, advantageous orientations with unrestrained and active cell-binding RGD loops were only obtained on the charged surfaces (COOH and NH2) instead of the non-charged (CH3 and OH). Specifically, the negatively charged surface stretched and stood up the Vn into a higher density, whereas the hydrophobic surface squashed the Vn into higher density multilayer by tracking adsorption but with the RGD loops restrained. These findings may have a broad implication on the understanding of Vn functionality as well as the designing of advanced biomaterials.
{"title":"Molecular Mechanism of Vitronectin Structural Evolution on Distinct Surface Chemistries: The Mediation for Cell Adhesion","authors":"Tianjie Li, Lijing Hao, Jiangyu Li, C. Du, Yingjun Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3332619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3332619","url":null,"abstract":"Surface chemistry of biomaterials plays a fundamental role in the adsorption of vitronectin (Vn), a crucial mediator for cell adhesion. However, the detailed structural information and dynamics mechanism of Vn adsorption to distinct surface chemistries relevant to its biological effect remains elusive. Herein, the conformation and orientation evolution during Vn adsorption to self-assembled monolayers terminating with -COOH, -NH<sub>2</sub>, -CH<sub>3</sub> and -OH were investigated. To unravel the interplay between cell binding and surface charge and wettability, the N-terminal somatomedin-B domain housing the cell-binding motif of Vn was recruited in molecular dynamics simulations optimized with orientation initialization by Monte Carlo method. Experimental evidences including protein adsorption, cell adhesion and integrin gene expressions were thoroughly investigated. The adsorption of Vn on different surface chemistries showed very complex profiles. Cell adhesion was enabled on all the Vn-adsorbed surfaces but with distinct mechanisms relating to the adsorption quantity and orientation of Vn. The negatively charged surface (COOH) and the hydrophobic surface (CH<sub>3</sub>) adsorbed Vn with higher quantity and density. However, advantageous orientations with unrestrained and active cell-binding RGD loops were only obtained on the charged surfaces (COOH and NH<sub>2</sub>) instead of the non-charged (CH<sub>3</sub> and OH). Specifically, the negatively charged surface stretched and stood up the Vn into a higher density, whereas the hydrophobic surface squashed the Vn into higher density multilayer by tracking adsorption but with the RGD loops restrained. These findings may have a broad implication on the understanding of Vn functionality as well as the designing of advanced biomaterials.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90470137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yapei Zhang, Yang Liu, Xuefeng Gao, Xiaoming Li, Xiaoyan Niu, Zhi Yuan, Wei Wang
Tumor tissue presents much denser and stiffer extracellular matrix (ECM), which can hinder the penetration of most nanoparticles (NPs) and contribute to the tumor cell proliferation. Here, NIR-activated losartan was encapsulated in hollow mesoporous prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPBs) to degrade ECM. The results showed that losartan enhanced the penetration of DOX, 1.47% of the injected dose (ID) of DOX reached the tumor tissues, which was 3.00-fold higher than the control group (0.49%). In addition, as the existence of thermo-sensitive lauric acid, (Losartan + DOX)@HMPBs could achieve near "zero drug leakage" during blood circulation, so as to reduce the damage of DOX to normal tissues. Furthermore, the animal experiments proved tumor inhibition ability of (Losartan + DOX)@HMPBs in synergistic of photothermal/chemotherapy, with the tumor growth inhibition rate of 81.3%. Taken together, these findings can be a candidate for developing vectors with enhanced tumor penetration and therapeutic effect in future clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Due to the existence of denser extracellular matrices (ECM), only 0.7% of the administered nanoparticles dose is delivered to tumor, which will limit the tumors' therapeutic effect. Degradation of ECM can improve the penetration of nanoparticles in tumors. However, no researchers has encapsulated losartan in nanoparticles to degrade ECM. Herein, we developed a NIR induced losartan and DOX co-delivery system based on hollow mesoporous prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPBs) to degrade ECM and improve the penetration of nanoparticles in tumors. The prepared nanoparticles can also acheive near "zero drug leakage" during blood circulation and "fixed-point drug release" in tumor, so as to reduce the damage of DOX to normal tissues. We believe the prepared nanoparticles provide a new platform for cancer treatment.
{"title":"Near-Infrared-Light Induced Nanoparticles with Enhanced Tumor Tissue Penetration and Intelligent Drug Release","authors":"Yapei Zhang, Yang Liu, Xuefeng Gao, Xiaoming Li, Xiaoyan Niu, Zhi Yuan, Wei Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3330023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3330023","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor tissue presents much denser and stiffer extracellular matrix (ECM), which can hinder the penetration of most nanoparticles (NPs) and contribute to the tumor cell proliferation. Here, NIR-activated losartan was encapsulated in hollow mesoporous prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPBs) to degrade ECM. The results showed that losartan enhanced the penetration of DOX, 1.47% of the injected dose (ID) of DOX reached the tumor tissues, which was 3.00-fold higher than the control group (0.49%). In addition, as the existence of thermo-sensitive lauric acid, (Losartan + DOX)@HMPBs could achieve near \"zero drug leakage\" during blood circulation, so as to reduce the damage of DOX to normal tissues. Furthermore, the animal experiments proved tumor inhibition ability of (Losartan + DOX)@HMPBs in synergistic of photothermal/chemotherapy, with the tumor growth inhibition rate of 81.3%. Taken together, these findings can be a candidate for developing vectors with enhanced tumor penetration and therapeutic effect in future clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Due to the existence of denser extracellular matrices (ECM), only 0.7% of the administered nanoparticles dose is delivered to tumor, which will limit the tumors' therapeutic effect. Degradation of ECM can improve the penetration of nanoparticles in tumors. However, no researchers has encapsulated losartan in nanoparticles to degrade ECM. Herein, we developed a NIR induced losartan and DOX co-delivery system based on hollow mesoporous prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPBs) to degrade ECM and improve the penetration of nanoparticles in tumors. The prepared nanoparticles can also acheive near \"zero drug leakage\" during blood circulation and \"fixed-point drug release\" in tumor, so as to reduce the damage of DOX to normal tissues. We believe the prepared nanoparticles provide a new platform for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82261913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Jett, Luke T. Hudson, R. Baumwart, B. Bohnstedt, Arshid Mir, H. Burkhart, G. Holzapfel, Chung-Hao Lee, Yi Wu
Collagen fiber networks provide the structural strength of tissues such as tendons, skin, and arteries. Quantifying the response of the fiber architecture to mechanical loads is essential towards a better understanding of the tissue-level mechanical behaviors, especially in assessing disease-driven functional changes. To enable novel investigations into these dynamic fiber structures, a polarized spatial frequency domain imaging (pSFDI) device was developed and, for the first time, integrated with a biaxial mechanical testing system. The integrated instrument is capable of a wide-field and dynamic quantification of the fiber orientation and degree of optical anisotropy (DOA), representing the local strength of fiber alignment. The performance of this integrated instrument was assessed through uniaxial testing on tendon tissues with known collagen fiber microstructures. Our results revealed that the fiber orientation of the tendon tissue changed indiscernibly, whereas the fibers became better aligned with the average DOA increasing from 0.126 to 0.215 under 0% and 3% uniaxial strains, respectively. The integrated instrument was further applied to study the mitral valve anterior leaflet (MVAL) tissue subjected to various biaxial loadings. The fiber orientations within the MVAL demonstrated a proclivity towards the tissue's circumferential direction under all loading protocols, while certain fiber groups re-oriented towards the tissue's radial direction under radially-dominant loading. Our results also showed that fibers were generally better aligned under equibiaxial (DOA=0.088) and circumferentially-dominant loading (DOA=0.084) than under the radially-dominant loading (DOA=0.074), indicating circumferential predisposition. These novel findings exemplify a deeper understanding of dynamic collagen fiber microstructures obtained through the integrated opto-mechanical instrument.
{"title":"Integration of Polarized Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (pSFDI) with a Biaxial Mechanical Testing System for Dynamic Quantification of Collagen Architecture in Soft Collagenous Tissues","authors":"Samuel Jett, Luke T. Hudson, R. Baumwart, B. Bohnstedt, Arshid Mir, H. Burkhart, G. Holzapfel, Chung-Hao Lee, Yi Wu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3425374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3425374","url":null,"abstract":"Collagen fiber networks provide the structural strength of tissues such as tendons, skin, and arteries. Quantifying the response of the fiber architecture to mechanical loads is essential towards a better understanding of the tissue-level mechanical behaviors, especially in assessing disease-driven functional changes. To enable novel investigations into these <i>dynamic</i> fiber structures, a polarized spatial frequency domain imaging (pSFDI) device was developed and, <i>for the first time</i>, integrated with a biaxial mechanical testing system. The integrated instrument is capable of a wide-field and dynamic quantification of the fiber orientation and degree of optical anisotropy (DOA), representing the local strength of fiber alignment. The performance of this integrated instrument was assessed through uniaxial testing on tendon tissues with known collagen fiber microstructures. Our results revealed that the fiber orientation of the tendon tissue changed indiscernibly, whereas the fibers became better aligned with the average DOA increasing from 0.126 to 0.215 under 0% and 3% uniaxial strains, respectively. The integrated instrument was further applied to study the mitral valve anterior leaflet (MVAL) tissue subjected to various biaxial loadings. The fiber orientations within the MVAL demonstrated a proclivity towards the tissue's circumferential direction under all loading protocols, while certain fiber groups re-oriented towards the tissue's radial direction under radially-dominant loading. Our results also showed that fibers were generally better aligned under equibiaxial (DOA=0.088) and circumferentially-dominant loading (DOA=0.084) than under the radially-dominant loading (DOA=0.074), indicating circumferential predisposition. These novel findings exemplify a deeper understanding of <i>dynamic</i> collagen fiber microstructures obtained through the integrated opto-mechanical instrument.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87205622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ever-growing demand for fossil fuel and its scarcity at the same time made researchers dig more on the development of alternative fuels. Alternative fuels can be ethanol, methanol, naphtha, oils derived from vegetables or from animal fats, etc. In this review paper, a comparative study is attempted to see the effect of alternative fuel derived from Karanja on performance, emissions and tribological study including ferrography test, wear analysis, lubricating oil analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, surface roughness, etc on CI engine by different authors with respect to standard diesel. The biofuels can be directly injected into the IC engine without any engine modification. Improvement in BTE and BSFC/BSEC with the use of Karanja with less emissions except for NOx. Improvement in the properties of the alternative fuel is done by the use of additives. The tribological analysis is done in the long run of engines. Less wear is observed with Karanja biodiesel but increased in the case of 20% blend. A table is formed showing comparative study on performance, emissions and wear analysis of CI engine run with alternative fuel derived from Karanja compared to standard diesel.
{"title":"A Comparative Study and Tribological Analysis of IC Engine Using Alternative Fuel","authors":"Pawan Kumar, P. Dutta, Bishop Debbarma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3331462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3331462","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-growing demand for fossil fuel and its scarcity at the same time made researchers dig more on the development of alternative fuels. Alternative fuels can be ethanol, methanol, naphtha, oils derived from vegetables or from animal fats, etc. In this review paper, a comparative study is attempted to see the effect of alternative fuel derived from Karanja on performance, emissions and tribological study including ferrography test, wear analysis, lubricating oil analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, surface roughness, etc on CI engine by different authors with respect to standard diesel. The biofuels can be directly injected into the IC engine without any engine modification. Improvement in BTE and BSFC/BSEC with the use of Karanja with less emissions except for NOx. Improvement in the properties of the alternative fuel is done by the use of additives. The tribological analysis is done in the long run of engines. Less wear is observed with Karanja biodiesel but increased in the case of 20% blend. A table is formed showing comparative study on performance, emissions and wear analysis of CI engine run with alternative fuel derived from Karanja compared to standard diesel.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86314917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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