Pub Date : 2015-09-15DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000129
U. Devi, Indu Khatri, R. Saini, L. Kumar, Devender Singh, Aditi Gupta, Navinder Kumar, A. Gárriz, Srikrishna Subramanian, D. Sharma, A. Saini
Members of Burkholderia genus are gaining importance for their application in crop improvement by acting as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), however, our knowledge about mechanisms of their plant growth promotion is limited. Herein, we aimed to isolate Burkholderia sp. from pea rhizosphere that confers plant growth promoting traits both in vitro and in vivo using pea seedlings as model. We have isolated a novel Burkholderia strain AU4i (B-AU4i) from pea rhizosphere that strongly promotes root and shoot growth in plantae. B-AU4i confers phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production, N2 fixation, ammonia production, siderophore production, HCN production, and inhibits growth of pathogenic fungi both in vitro and in vivo experiments where we employed pea-seedlings as model system. Sequencing of B-AU4i genome using the Illumina-HiSeq 1000 technology reveals that it contains genes for the above-mentioned biofertilizer and biocontrol activities. The findings demonstrate the potential use of B-AU4i as plant growth promoter, which could be due to the presence of relevant genes in its genome. The current study improves our knowledge regarding the genes present in Burkholderia spp. that are involved in its plant growth promotion activities. B-AU4i strain can be used for improving agriculture productivity owing to its strong biofertilizer and biocontrol activity.
{"title":"Genomic and Functional Characterization of a Novel Burkholderia sp. StrainAU4i from Pea Rhizosphere Conferring Plant Growth Promoting Activities","authors":"U. Devi, Indu Khatri, R. Saini, L. Kumar, Devender Singh, Aditi Gupta, Navinder Kumar, A. Gárriz, Srikrishna Subramanian, D. Sharma, A. Saini","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"Members of Burkholderia genus are gaining importance for their application in crop improvement by acting as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), however, our knowledge about mechanisms of their plant growth promotion is limited. Herein, we aimed to isolate Burkholderia sp. from pea rhizosphere that confers plant growth promoting traits both in vitro and in vivo using pea seedlings as model. We have isolated a novel Burkholderia strain AU4i (B-AU4i) from pea rhizosphere that strongly promotes root and shoot growth in plantae. B-AU4i confers phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production, N2 fixation, ammonia production, siderophore production, HCN production, and inhibits growth of pathogenic fungi both in vitro and in vivo experiments where we employed pea-seedlings as model system. Sequencing of B-AU4i genome using the Illumina-HiSeq 1000 technology reveals that it contains genes for the above-mentioned biofertilizer and biocontrol activities. The findings demonstrate the potential use of B-AU4i as plant growth promoter, which could be due to the presence of relevant genes in its genome. The current study improves our knowledge regarding the genes present in Burkholderia spp. that are involved in its plant growth promotion activities. B-AU4i strain can be used for improving agriculture productivity owing to its strong biofertilizer and biocontrol activity.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"559 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-30DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000128
F. Menaa
Genetic engineering represents the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. The manipulation usually consists in modifying the genetic background of cells by transferring/ inserting or deleting one or more genes, genetic fragments or even altering a single nucleotide, in order to produce improved or novel organisms. For instance, we recently showed the possibility to engineer stem cells to enhance the anti-tumor immune response and lifespan of animals.
{"title":"Genetic Engineering and Nanotechnology: When Science-Fiction Meets Reality!","authors":"F. Menaa","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic engineering represents the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. The manipulation usually consists in modifying the genetic background of cells by transferring/ inserting or deleting one or more genes, genetic fragments or even altering a single nucleotide, in order to produce improved or novel organisms. For instance, we recently showed the possibility to engineer stem cells to enhance the anti-tumor immune response and lifespan of animals.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"45 15 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2169-0111.1000128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70876019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-18DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000127
K. Tadevosyan, G. Tsakanova, A. Boyajyan
Transcription factors make a great contribution in the regulation of mechanisms, which are involved in the preand post-stroke events. The main goal of the current study was to evaluate the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphisms FOS (rs7101, rs1063169), JUN (rs11688) and IER5 (rs6425663) with ischemic stroke in Armenian population. A total 161 patients with ischemic stroke and 165 controls were involved in this study. Transcription factors were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Association of genotype, allelic and carriage frequencies with ischemic stroke was assessed using Pearson's Chisquare test. Multiple test corrected p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The data obtained demonstrated a significant negative association between the FOS rs1063169*T, JUN rs11688*A and IER5 rs6425663*T minor alleles with ischemic stroke. On the other hand, the frequency distribution of rs7101*T minor allele of FOS gene and its carriage rate in the group of patients were significantly higher than in controls. Our results indicate that the minor alleles of FOS rs1063169, JUN rs11688 and IER5 rs6425663 SNPs can be considered as protective against ischemic stroke, whereas the minor allele of FOS rs7101 SNP represents a risk factor for this disease.
{"title":"Variations in Immediate-early Genes Encoding c-Fos, c-Jun and IER5 Transcription Factors are Associated with Ischemic Stroke","authors":"K. Tadevosyan, G. Tsakanova, A. Boyajyan","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000127","url":null,"abstract":"Transcription factors make a great contribution in the regulation of mechanisms, which are involved in the preand post-stroke events. The main goal of the current study was to evaluate the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphisms FOS (rs7101, rs1063169), JUN (rs11688) and IER5 (rs6425663) with ischemic stroke in Armenian population. A total 161 patients with ischemic stroke and 165 controls were involved in this study. Transcription factors were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Association of genotype, allelic and carriage frequencies with ischemic stroke was assessed using Pearson's Chisquare test. Multiple test corrected p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The data obtained demonstrated a significant negative association between the FOS rs1063169*T, JUN rs11688*A and IER5 rs6425663*T minor alleles with ischemic stroke. On the other hand, the frequency distribution of rs7101*T minor allele of FOS gene and its carriage rate in the group of patients were significantly higher than in controls. Our results indicate that the minor alleles of FOS rs1063169, JUN rs11688 and IER5 rs6425663 SNPs can be considered as protective against ischemic stroke, whereas the minor allele of FOS rs7101 SNP represents a risk factor for this disease.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-03DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000126
K. Rakesh, C. Nisha, S. Ranvir, Pushpender Ks, K. Jagdeep
In this study we have showed combined effect of two single point mutations S311C (LipR2) and R214C (LipR3) on the protein stability and overall change in biochemical properties. We found that both of these mutations are near the surface and individually enhanced the thermal stability of the protein (T1/2 for S311C=4.5 h & R214C=7 h at 60°C). But, their combined effect was not additive on thermostability. T1/2 of double mutant (LipR2 + LipR3) was 4 h at 60°C. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence studies also supported our findings. Homology modelling studies demonstrated that in double mutant (LipR4) side chain of Cys311 is protruding towards the bulk solvent and is easily available for oxidation of sulfahydril group. This might be the reason for its low thermostability as compared to LipR3. We also observed that, side chains of Cys 214 didn’t changed. Here, one of the Cystein (Cys311) is behaving like a hydrophilic residue while the other (Cys 214) is behaving like hydrophobic residue. Keywords: Lipase; Thermostability; Mutations; Enzyme; Nucleotide sequence Introductio
{"title":"Engineering of A Lipase towards Thermostability: Studies on Additive Effect ofthe two Thermo-Stabilising Mutations at Protein Surface","authors":"K. Rakesh, C. Nisha, S. Ranvir, Pushpender Ks, K. Jagdeep","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we have showed combined effect of two single point mutations S311C (LipR2) and R214C (LipR3) on the protein stability and overall change in biochemical properties. We found that both of these mutations are near the surface and individually enhanced the thermal stability of the protein (T1/2 for S311C=4.5 h & R214C=7 h at 60°C). But, their combined effect was not additive on thermostability. T1/2 of double mutant (LipR2 + LipR3) was 4 h at 60°C. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence studies also supported our findings. Homology modelling studies demonstrated that in double mutant (LipR4) side chain of Cys311 is protruding towards the bulk solvent and is easily available for oxidation of sulfahydril group. This might be the reason for its low thermostability as compared to LipR3. We also observed that, side chains of Cys 214 didn’t changed. Here, one of the Cystein (Cys311) is behaving like a hydrophilic residue while the other (Cys 214) is behaving like hydrophobic residue. \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000Lipase; Thermostability; Mutations; Enzyme; Nucleotide sequence \u0000 \u0000Introductio","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-02DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000125
Glazko, B. Zybailov, T. Glazko
In this paper we investigate source of increased genetic diversity - one of the most obvious characteristics of domesticated species, leading to a wide range of phenotypic variability (breeds). The hypothesis that we put forward during the course of our studies focuses on transposons and retro-viral elements in the domesticated genomes. The inherent tolerance for transposition of mobile elements could lead to enhanced genetic diversity in the domesticated species.
{"title":"Asking the Right Question about the Genetic Basis of Domestication: What is theSource of Genetic Diversity of Domesticated Species?","authors":"Glazko, B. Zybailov, T. Glazko","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000125","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate source of increased genetic diversity - one of the most obvious characteristics of domesticated species, leading to a wide range of phenotypic variability (breeds). The hypothesis that we put forward during the course of our studies focuses on transposons and retro-viral elements in the domesticated genomes. The inherent tolerance for transposition of mobile elements could lead to enhanced genetic diversity in the domesticated species.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-11DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000124
H. Kl
The politics behind food production has never been as newsworthy, and as a result, as polarized as it is today. It seems that the world can be divided into two opposing ideologies, with little room for any sharing of values in between. The food sovereigntists desire that their food be produced in a traditional fashion without modern farming practices such as factory farms, chemical inputs or biotechnology, including the use of genetically modified (GM) crops. The other faction represents those who are in favor of agricultural biotechnology to ensure that crops are both high yielding and low in cost.
{"title":"The Politics behind Global Food Security","authors":"H. Kl","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000124","url":null,"abstract":"The politics behind food production has never been as newsworthy, and as a result, as polarized as it is today. It seems that the world can be divided into two opposing ideologies, with little room for any sharing of values in between. The food sovereigntists desire that their food be produced in a traditional fashion without modern farming practices such as factory farms, chemical inputs or biotechnology, including the use of genetically modified (GM) crops. The other faction represents those who are in favor of agricultural biotechnology to ensure that crops are both high yielding and low in cost.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2169-0111.1000124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-10DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000123
Malau-Aduli Aeo, Otto, Bénédicte Suybeng, A. Kashani, P. Lane, B. Malau-Aduli, P. Nichols
The effect of oil-rich supplements on the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and reproduction in pasturebased dairy cows is currently unknown, or at best, scanty and limited to impacts on cow liveweight, body condition score, milk composition, fatty acid and plasma metabolite profiles only. This research investigated the gene expression patterns of Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2) and Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) genes in response to incremental levels of dietary crude degummed canola oil (CDCO). We tested the hypothesis that the relative mRNA abundance and gene expression profiles of AANAT, BTG2 and FASN in primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows will be up-regulated in response to post-partum dietary supplementation with CDCO in a typical pasture-based dairy production system. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the expression of AANAT, BTG2 and FASN genes in response to incremental levels of CDCO. A random allocation of primiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows into four treatment groups comprising wheat-based pelleted with no supplemental CDCO (control), or with CDCO added at 25 ml kg-1 DM (low), 35 ml kg-1 DM (medium) and 50 ml kg-1 DM (high) was utilized in a ten-week experimental feeding trial including two weeks of adjustment. Both level of supplementation and their interaction with duration were significant sources of variation (P 0.05). The high (0.67 fold), medium (0.87 fold) and low (0.56 fold) treatments had suppressed BTG2 expressions compared to the control (1.0 fold) group. The low expression of BTG2 might be important when the reproductive system of cows is recovering from the effect of gestation and new cell growth is required.
富油补充剂对牧场奶牛脂肪生成和繁殖相关基因表达的影响目前尚不清楚，或者充其量只是对奶牛活重、身体状况评分、牛奶成分、脂肪酸和血浆代谢物谱的影响有限。本研究研究了花生ar烷基胺n -乙酰转移酶(AANAT)、b细胞易位基因-2 (BTG2)和脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)基因在饲粮粗脱胶菜籽油(CDCO)添加水平增加时的表达模式。我们验证了在典型的牧场奶牛生产系统中，初产荷斯泰因-弗里斯奶牛中AANAT、BTG2和FASN的相对mRNA丰度和基因表达谱会因产后饲粮中添加CDCO而上调。因此，本研究的主要目的是研究AANAT、BTG2和FASN基因的表达对CDCO水平增加的响应。将初产荷斯泰因-弗里西亚奶牛随机分为4个处理组，分别为小麦基颗粒，不添加CDCO(对照组)、CDCO添加量分别为25 ml kg-1 DM(低)、35 ml kg-1 DM(中)和50 ml kg-1 DM(高)，进行为期10周的试验饲养，其中包括2周的调整期。饲粮添加水平及其与持续时间的交互作用是差异的显著来源(p0.05)。与对照组(1.0倍)相比，高(0.67倍)、中(0.87倍)和低(0.56倍)处理抑制了BTG2的表达。BTG2的低表达可能在奶牛生殖系统从妊娠影响中恢复并需要新细胞生长时具有重要意义。
{"title":"Gene Expression Profiles of Aralkylamine N-Acetyltransferase, B-cell Translocation Gene-2 and Fatty Acid Synthase in Pasture-based Primiparous Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows Supplemented with Crude Degummed Canola Oil","authors":"Malau-Aduli Aeo, Otto, Bénédicte Suybeng, A. Kashani, P. Lane, B. Malau-Aduli, P. Nichols","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000123","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of oil-rich supplements on the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and reproduction in pasturebased dairy cows is currently unknown, or at best, scanty and limited to impacts on cow liveweight, body condition score, milk composition, fatty acid and plasma metabolite profiles only. This research investigated the gene expression patterns of Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2) and Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) genes in response to incremental levels of dietary crude degummed canola oil (CDCO). We tested the hypothesis that the relative mRNA abundance and gene expression profiles of AANAT, BTG2 and FASN in primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows will be up-regulated in response to post-partum dietary supplementation with CDCO in a typical pasture-based dairy production system. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the expression of AANAT, BTG2 and FASN genes in response to incremental levels of CDCO. A random allocation of primiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows into four treatment groups comprising wheat-based pelleted with no supplemental CDCO (control), or with CDCO added at 25 ml kg-1 DM (low), 35 ml kg-1 DM (medium) and 50 ml kg-1 DM (high) was utilized in a ten-week experimental feeding trial including two weeks of adjustment. Both level of supplementation and their interaction with duration were significant sources of variation (P 0.05). The high (0.67 fold), medium (0.87 fold) and low (0.56 fold) treatments had suppressed BTG2 expressions compared to the control (1.0 fold) group. The low expression of BTG2 might be important when the reproductive system of cows is recovering from the effect of gestation and new cell growth is required.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-02DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000122
D. Akoury
The metabolic and genetic changes instigated by the Stress pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of Addiction and subsequently Cancer through a cascade involving Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteonomic and finally Metabolomic.
{"title":"Epigenetics Effects of Stress Influence the Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomicsof Addiction and Cancer Pathways","authors":"D. Akoury","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000122","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolic and genetic changes instigated by the Stress pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of Addiction and subsequently Cancer through a cascade involving Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteonomic and finally Metabolomic.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000121
Obidiegwu Ej
Cocoyams (Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are important staple food in many parts of tropics including Africa, Asia and Pacific. Cocoyam is categorised as a neglected food crop and mainly grown for subsistence agriculture. Attempts to improve the crop have been limited due to knowledge gaps in physiological and biological processes affecting breeding against biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic engineering offers an alternative platform in advancing improvement. This paper highlights the progress made in tissue culture through micropropagation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The influence of genotypes, explant sources, and culture media is brought into perspective while elucidating system regeneration efficiency using axillary buds, shoot tips, meristem tips and petiole. The efficiency of transformation system using both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment is highlighted while suggestions are made for future research in genetic engineering.
{"title":"Towards Genetic Engineering in Cocoyam Food Crop: Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Obidiegwu Ej","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000121","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoyams (Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are important staple food in many parts of tropics including Africa, Asia and Pacific. Cocoyam is categorised as a neglected food crop and mainly grown for subsistence agriculture. Attempts to improve the crop have been limited due to knowledge gaps in physiological and biological processes affecting breeding against biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic engineering offers an alternative platform in advancing improvement. This paper highlights the progress made in tissue culture through micropropagation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The influence of genotypes, explant sources, and culture media is brought into perspective while elucidating system regeneration efficiency using axillary buds, shoot tips, meristem tips and petiole. The efficiency of transformation system using both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment is highlighted while suggestions are made for future research in genetic engineering.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2169-0111.1000121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70874972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-13DOI: 10.4172/2169-0111.1000120
P. Portin
It is customary to say that humans are the product of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. This is, of course, true in the sense that the development of all our characteristics is influenced by both the genes and the environment; both are necessary, and neither can alone achieve anything. This is, however, only a part of a more complex web of interactions.
{"title":"We can Ourselves have an Effect on the Function of our Genes","authors":"P. Portin","doi":"10.4172/2169-0111.1000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000120","url":null,"abstract":"It is customary to say that humans are the product of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. This is, of course, true in the sense that the development of all our characteristics is influenced by both the genes and the environment; both are necessary, and neither can alone achieve anything. This is, however, only a part of a more complex web of interactions.","PeriodicalId":89733,"journal":{"name":"Advancements in genetic engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2169-0111.1000120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70875045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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