The growth of 9 strains isolated from probiotic products and 18 strains from human feces belonging to Bifidobacterium longum biotype longum on media containing glucose or one of three oligosaccharides (i.e. lactulose, fructooligosacchrides, raffinose) as the sole carbohydrate source was compared in pure cultures. The strains differed in their growth profiles when tested on different oligosaccharides. Almost all probiotic isolates showed markedly poor growth on the oligosaccharides, especially lactulose and raffinose, as compared to the fecal isolates. Subsequent PCR assays targeting several genes associated with oligosaccharide metabolism showed an apparent lack of the gene BL0275 in the probiotic isolates; BL0275 encodes endogalactanase that liberates galactotrisaccharides from galactans and galactooligosaccharides in the probiotic isolates. The evidence suggests that most, if not all, of the probiotic isolates of B. longum biotype longum have a poor ability to utilize oligosaccharides.
{"title":"Different Utilization of Oligosaccharides and Distribution of Several Genes Associated with Oligosaccharide Metabolism in Bifidobacterium longum","authors":"B. Tu, T. Maegawa, R. Osawa","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.123","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of 9 strains isolated from probiotic products and 18 strains from human feces belonging to Bifidobacterium longum biotype longum on media containing glucose or one of three oligosaccharides (i.e. lactulose, fructooligosacchrides, raffinose) as the sole carbohydrate source was compared in pure cultures. The strains differed in their growth profiles when tested on different oligosaccharides. Almost all probiotic isolates showed markedly poor growth on the oligosaccharides, especially lactulose and raffinose, as compared to the fecal isolates. Subsequent PCR assays targeting several genes associated with oligosaccharide metabolism showed an apparent lack of the gene BL0275 in the probiotic isolates; BL0275 encodes endogalactanase that liberates galactotrisaccharides from galactans and galactooligosaccharides in the probiotic isolates. The evidence suggests that most, if not all, of the probiotic isolates of B. longum biotype longum have a poor ability to utilize oligosaccharides.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"27 1","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the discovery of antibiotic therapies, the battle between humans and infectious diseases has never stopped. A number of drug-resistant bacterial strains are now appearing in the clinical field, and infectious diseases originating from these strains have become a major problem. Multidrug efflux pumps produce multidrug resistance by exporting antibiotics from cells. Genomic analysis has resulted in the identification of many genes which have been proposed as drug efflux pumps, and bacterial genome sequences have allowed us to identify the drug-resistant gene libraries of bacteria. In this review, we will first introduce the method to analyze all drug efflux pump genes by using genomic information. Next, we will discuss the regulation of drug efflux pumps. Furthermore, we will also introduce the roles of drug efflux pumps in virulence, which is an ongoing research area. Because drug efflux pumps have roles in bacterial multidrug resistance and virulence, we propose that drug efflux pumps have greater clinical relevance than is usually attributed to them.
{"title":"Virulence and Drug Resistance Roles of Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Escherichia coli and Salmonella","authors":"K. Nishino, A. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.75","url":null,"abstract":"Since the discovery of antibiotic therapies, the battle between humans and infectious diseases has never stopped. A number of drug-resistant bacterial strains are now appearing in the clinical field, and infectious diseases originating from these strains have become a major problem. Multidrug efflux pumps produce multidrug resistance by exporting antibiotics from cells. Genomic analysis has resulted in the identification of many genes which have been proposed as drug efflux pumps, and bacterial genome sequences have allowed us to identify the drug-resistant gene libraries of bacteria. In this review, we will first introduce the method to analyze all drug efflux pump genes by using genomic information. Next, we will discuss the regulation of drug efflux pumps. Furthermore, we will also introduce the roles of drug efflux pumps in virulence, which is an ongoing research area. Because drug efflux pumps have roles in bacterial multidrug resistance and virulence, we propose that drug efflux pumps have greater clinical relevance than is usually attributed to them.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"27 1","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We evaluated the effects of a tablet containing Bacillus natto and Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotics supplemented with three stomachic herbs on human fecal microbiota. Six healthy subjects ingested 3 tablets, 3 times a day after meals for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected before and after the administration period, and 1 week post administration. As shown by the TGGE images, the density of the bands identified with Bifidobacterium increased in four cases. This increase was confirmed by real-time PCR. It was observed that the densities of the bands identified with Haemophilus decreased, Ruminococcus decreased, Clostridium colinum decreased, Acidaminococcus increased and Megamonas increased individually.
{"title":"Effect of a Tablet Containing Probiotic Bacteria and Stomachic Herbs on Human Fecal Microbiota","authors":"Y. Yonejima, Yoshiro Mori, K. Ushida","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.87","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effects of a tablet containing Bacillus natto and Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotics supplemented with three stomachic herbs on human fecal microbiota. Six healthy subjects ingested 3 tablets, 3 times a day after meals for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected before and after the administration period, and 1 week post administration. As shown by the TGGE images, the density of the bands identified with Bifidobacterium increased in four cases. This increase was confirmed by real-time PCR. It was observed that the densities of the bands identified with Haemophilus decreased, Ruminococcus decreased, Clostridium colinum decreased, Acidaminococcus increased and Megamonas increased individually.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"20 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66339053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The polymorphism of a length of DNA including several genes encoding putative mucosal glycoprotein binding fimbriae-associated proteins (the putative fimbriae region) of Bifidobacterium longum was investigated with specific reference to its host specific colonization. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were performed on 44 clonally different strains that had been isolated from fecal samples collected from 12 Japanese subjects over a 15-month period. The assays revealed that the putative fimbriae region is highly heterogeneous, with only a limited number of strains sharing the same RFLP fragment pattern. However, fragment patterns observed for the adjacent up- and down-stream DNA regions not associated with the fimbriae shared the same fragment patterns in many strains, further highlighting the polymorphic nature of the putative fimbriae region. A dendrogram created of the fragment patterns of the putative fimbriae region showed 5 genotypes at the 70% similarity level, and 4 of the genotypes were further subdivided at the 80% similarity level into 9 sub-genotypes, in which at least half of the strains isolated from each host belonged to the same sub-genotype. The evidence suggests that fimbriae of B. longum are closely associated with the host-specific intestinal colonization. If this is the case, probiotic use of B. longum strains indigenous to the host may be more effective for the promotion and maintenance of that individual's health.
{"title":"Polymorphism of Genes Associated with Putative Fimbriae of Bifidobacterium longum Strains, with Specific Reference to Their Host Specific Colonization","authors":"T. Maegawa, Y. Nishitani, R. Osawa","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.49","url":null,"abstract":"The polymorphism of a length of DNA including several genes encoding putative mucosal glycoprotein binding fimbriae-associated proteins (the putative fimbriae region) of Bifidobacterium longum was investigated with specific reference to its host specific colonization. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were performed on 44 clonally different strains that had been isolated from fecal samples collected from 12 Japanese subjects over a 15-month period. The assays revealed that the putative fimbriae region is highly heterogeneous, with only a limited number of strains sharing the same RFLP fragment pattern. However, fragment patterns observed for the adjacent up- and down-stream DNA regions not associated with the fimbriae shared the same fragment patterns in many strains, further highlighting the polymorphic nature of the putative fimbriae region. A dendrogram created of the fragment patterns of the putative fimbriae region showed 5 genotypes at the 70% similarity level, and 4 of the genotypes were further subdivided at the 80% similarity level into 9 sub-genotypes, in which at least half of the strains isolated from each host belonged to the same sub-genotype. The evidence suggests that fimbriae of B. longum are closely associated with the host-specific intestinal colonization. If this is the case, probiotic use of B. longum strains indigenous to the host may be more effective for the promotion and maintenance of that individual's health.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"27 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yumiko Sannohe, Tomoyuki Fukasawa, J. Koga, Hidetoshi Kubota, M. Kanegae
The growth rates of four Bifidobacterium strains were compared in two different culture media containing either 1-kestose (GF 2 ) or nystose (GF 3 ), the main components of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Of the four Bifidobacterium strains examined, the growth rates of B. longum ATCC 15707 T and B. catenulatum ATCC 27539 in the GF 2 medium were higher than those in the GF 3 medium, whereas the growth rate of B. pseudocatenulatum ATCC 27919 T in the GF 2 medium was lower than that in the GF 3 medium. The growth rate of B. adolescentis ATCC 15705 was the same in both media.
{"title":"Comparison of the Growth of Bifidobacteria in Two Culture Media Containing Either 1-Kestose (GF2) or Nystose (GF3)","authors":"Yumiko Sannohe, Tomoyuki Fukasawa, J. Koga, Hidetoshi Kubota, M. Kanegae","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.13","url":null,"abstract":"The growth rates of four Bifidobacterium strains were compared in two different culture media containing either 1-kestose (GF 2 ) or nystose (GF 3 ), the main components of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Of the four Bifidobacterium strains examined, the growth rates of B. longum ATCC 15707 T and B. catenulatum ATCC 27539 in the GF 2 medium were higher than those in the GF 3 medium, whereas the growth rate of B. pseudocatenulatum ATCC 27919 T in the GF 2 medium was lower than that in the GF 3 medium. The growth rate of B. adolescentis ATCC 15705 was the same in both media.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"27 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Fujisawa, Hideaki Asanaga, C. Ito, C. Kumagai, K. Kawasumi, H. Amao, K. Shinohara, Y. Ohashi, M. Iida, M. Murakami, H. Anzai, M. Matsunaga
Influences of viable or sterilized Lactobacillus and cellobiose on the fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites in dogs given boiled chicken head and cow milk were investigated. During the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk, the number of Enterobacteriaceae (p<0.05) and the fecal pH (p<0.05) increased significantly, and the frequency of occurrence of lecithinase-negative and lecithinase-positive clostridia tended to increase in all test groups. Furthermore, fecal concentrations of sulfide increased significantly (p<0.05) or tended to increase in all test groups. Although the numbers of lactobacilli did not decrease during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk in the viable Lactobacillus and cellobiose intake group and sterilized Lactobacillus and cellobiose intake group, they decreased significantly (p<0.05) and bifidobacteria were not detected during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk in the skim milk intake group. The fecal concentrations of short chain fatty acids (acetic, butyric and propionic acids) were not changed throughout the test period in any test group. Although clinical symptoms such as fecal hardness in dogs given Lactobacillus and cellobiose were not markedly different from those of the skim milk intake group, there were no dogs which excreted only abnormal (soft, muddy to diarrhea) feces in the viable Lactobacillus administration group on day 21. These findings indicate that administration of Lactobacillus and cellobiose offered more protection against fecal microbiota disorders during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk than the administration of skim milk, and there is a possibility of alleviating clinical symptoms by the administration of Lactobacillus and cellobiose.
{"title":"Influences of Lactobacillus and Cellobiose on the Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Microbiota in Dogs given Boiled Chicken Head and Cow Milk","authors":"T. Fujisawa, Hideaki Asanaga, C. Ito, C. Kumagai, K. Kawasumi, H. Amao, K. Shinohara, Y. Ohashi, M. Iida, M. Murakami, H. Anzai, M. Matsunaga","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.1","url":null,"abstract":"Influences of viable or sterilized Lactobacillus and cellobiose on the fecal microbiota and fecal metabolites in dogs given boiled chicken head and cow milk were investigated. During the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk, the number of Enterobacteriaceae (p<0.05) and the fecal pH (p<0.05) increased significantly, and the frequency of occurrence of lecithinase-negative and lecithinase-positive clostridia tended to increase in all test groups. Furthermore, fecal concentrations of sulfide increased significantly (p<0.05) or tended to increase in all test groups. Although the numbers of lactobacilli did not decrease during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk in the viable Lactobacillus and cellobiose intake group and sterilized Lactobacillus and cellobiose intake group, they decreased significantly (p<0.05) and bifidobacteria were not detected during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk in the skim milk intake group. The fecal concentrations of short chain fatty acids (acetic, butyric and propionic acids) were not changed throughout the test period in any test group. Although clinical symptoms such as fecal hardness in dogs given Lactobacillus and cellobiose were not markedly different from those of the skim milk intake group, there were no dogs which excreted only abnormal (soft, muddy to diarrhea) feces in the viable Lactobacillus administration group on day 21. These findings indicate that administration of Lactobacillus and cellobiose offered more protection against fecal microbiota disorders during the intake of boiled chicken head and cow milk than the administration of skim milk, and there is a possibility of alleviating clinical symptoms by the administration of Lactobacillus and cellobiose.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We encountered a neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clinical symptoms and inflammation did not improve despite intravenous administration of antibiotics. Bifidobacterium breve enemas were performed. After beginning enema, clinical symptoms and inflammation improved within 24 hours. Probiotic enema has high potential as a new therapy for NEC.
{"title":"Successful Treatment by Probiotic Enema of Necrotizing Enterocolitis","authors":"S. Ezaki, Kanako Itoh, Clara Kurishima, M. Tamura","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.27.9","url":null,"abstract":"We encountered a neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clinical symptoms and inflammation did not improve despite intravenous administration of antibiotics. Bifidobacterium breve enemas were performed. After beginning enema, clinical symptoms and inflammation improved within 24 hours. Probiotic enema has high potential as a new therapy for NEC.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"27 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effects of dietary nucleotides on the immune response balance between T helper cells type 1 (Th1) and type 2, and on the mucosal immune response in weanling mice were investigated. It was demonstrated that dietary nucleotides up-regulate the Th1 immune response and suppress the antigen-specific IgE antibody response in weanling mice. Thus, the results suggest that dietary nucleotides may be beneficial for the prevention of allergic diseases in early infancy. In addition, it was shown that dietary nucleotides increased the proportion of a y6T-cell receptor (TCR) -bearing intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subset, IL-7 production by intestinal epithelial cells and the antigen-specific IgA response. Therefore, the present study indicates that dietary nucleotides may have an effect on the mucosal intranet in the intestinal mucosal immune system.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Nucleotides on Immune Responses","authors":"S. Nagafuchi","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.99","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of dietary nucleotides on the immune response balance between T helper cells type 1 (Th1) and type 2, and on the mucosal immune response in weanling mice were investigated. It was demonstrated that dietary nucleotides up-regulate the Th1 immune response and suppress the antigen-specific IgE antibody response in weanling mice. Thus, the results suggest that dietary nucleotides may be beneficial for the prevention of allergic diseases in early infancy. In addition, it was shown that dietary nucleotides increased the proportion of a y6T-cell receptor (TCR) -bearing intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subset, IL-7 production by intestinal epithelial cells and the antigen-specific IgA response. Therefore, the present study indicates that dietary nucleotides may have an effect on the mucosal intranet in the intestinal mucosal immune system.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juri Hamatsuka, T. Maegawa, Y. Nishitani, R. Osawa
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and lectin blotting were performed on a total of 41 B. longum strains isolated from 27 human fecal samples and 14 probiotic products in order to characterize their clonality and variation in expression of exopolysacchrides (EPSs; cell-bound polysaccharides). The probiotic isolates formed several distinct clonal clusters, and most of them shared the same lectin blotting profile. Almost all human fecal isolates were distinct from the probiotic isolates not only clonally but also in terms of EPS expression. Most of the fecal isolates within each clonal cluster presented different lectin blotting profiles, suggesting that the structures of EPSs from B. longum were of a labile nature independent of their clonality. Lectin blotting was also performed on a total 38 B. longum strains that had been isolated periodically (at the 1st, 23 rd, and 68th weeks) from fecal samples of 12 human subjects in order to evaluate whether EPS expression was host-specific. B. longum strains that had been isolated from fecal samples of the same individual at different times presented identical or almost identical lectin blotting profiles in 9 out of 12 subjects despite being clonally distant from each other. These findings suggest that variations in EPS expression are related to the hosts but not to the strains' clonality. This in turn suggests that human hosts can discriminate indigenous strains from exogenous ones based on EPS expression profiles.
{"title":"Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Lectin Blotting Analyses of Bifidobacterium longum Strains Isolated from Human Feces and Probiotic Products","authors":"Juri Hamatsuka, T. Maegawa, Y. Nishitani, R. Osawa","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.107","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and lectin blotting were performed on a total of 41 B. longum strains isolated from 27 human fecal samples and 14 probiotic products in order to characterize their clonality and variation in expression of exopolysacchrides (EPSs; cell-bound polysaccharides). The probiotic isolates formed several distinct clonal clusters, and most of them shared the same lectin blotting profile. Almost all human fecal isolates were distinct from the probiotic isolates not only clonally but also in terms of EPS expression. Most of the fecal isolates within each clonal cluster presented different lectin blotting profiles, suggesting that the structures of EPSs from B. longum were of a labile nature independent of their clonality. Lectin blotting was also performed on a total 38 B. longum strains that had been isolated periodically (at the 1st, 23 rd, and 68th weeks) from fecal samples of 12 human subjects in order to evaluate whether EPS expression was host-specific. B. longum strains that had been isolated from fecal samples of the same individual at different times presented identical or almost identical lectin blotting profiles in 9 out of 12 subjects despite being clonally distant from each other. These findings suggest that variations in EPS expression are related to the hosts but not to the strains' clonality. This in turn suggests that human hosts can discriminate indigenous strains from exogenous ones based on EPS expression profiles.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hata, Y. Takeda, N. Yoshida, Hideaki Oomori, Y. Hirayama, K. Ando, M. Kikuchi
In this paper, we studied the spatial distribution and stress responses of resident Lactobacillus in various intestinal regions in order to clarify the ecological and functional properties of the microbes in mouse normal microflora. Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus intestinalis were identified as resident species by 16S rDNA analysis. Both lactobacilli were present in all regions of the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum+ileum, cecum and colon) at almost the same ratios based on colony shapes on LBS agar and the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles using a genus-specific primer pair. Survivability of L. reuteri against heat shock, acid and bile salt treatments was markedly higher than that of L. intestinalis. Furthermore, almost all isolates of L. reuteri obtained from all intestinal regions grew in MRS broth with 0.5% bile salts, while almost all of the isolates of L. intestinalis failed to grow in the broth with 0.1% bile salts. These results suggest that resident lactobacilli, L. reuteri and L. intestinalis, in mice are able to colonize all intestinal regions with different environmental conditions, regardless of their stress response potentials.
{"title":"Distribution and stress resistance of resident lactobacilli in mouse intestinal tract","authors":"S. Hata, Y. Takeda, N. Yoshida, Hideaki Oomori, Y. Hirayama, K. Ando, M. Kikuchi","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.61","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we studied the spatial distribution and stress responses of resident Lactobacillus in various intestinal regions in order to clarify the ecological and functional properties of the microbes in mouse normal microflora. Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus intestinalis were identified as resident species by 16S rDNA analysis. Both lactobacilli were present in all regions of the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum+ileum, cecum and colon) at almost the same ratios based on colony shapes on LBS agar and the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles using a genus-specific primer pair. Survivability of L. reuteri against heat shock, acid and bile salt treatments was markedly higher than that of L. intestinalis. Furthermore, almost all isolates of L. reuteri obtained from all intestinal regions grew in MRS broth with 0.5% bile salts, while almost all of the isolates of L. intestinalis failed to grow in the broth with 0.1% bile salts. These results suggest that resident lactobacilli, L. reuteri and L. intestinalis, in mice are able to colonize all intestinal regions with different environmental conditions, regardless of their stress response potentials.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.61","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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