M. Rahman, Woan-sub Kim, Toshiaki Ito, H. Kumura, K. Shimazaki
In the present study, binding of bovine lactoferrin to bifidobacteria was demonstrated. This is the first report showing the binding of bovine lactoferrin to Bifidobactesrium spp. under a transmission electronic microscope using biotinylated bovine lactoferrin and gold-conjugated streptavidin. In addition, we confirmed that bovine lactoferrin-binding protein exists on the surface of bifidobacteria.
{"title":"Visualization of Bovine Lactoferrin Binding to Bifidobacteria","authors":"M. Rahman, Woan-sub Kim, Toshiaki Ito, H. Kumura, K. Shimazaki","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.75","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, binding of bovine lactoferrin to bifidobacteria was demonstrated. This is the first report showing the binding of bovine lactoferrin to Bifidobactesrium spp. under a transmission electronic microscope using biotinylated bovine lactoferrin and gold-conjugated streptavidin. In addition, we confirmed that bovine lactoferrin-binding protein exists on the surface of bifidobacteria.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two hundred and forty nine Campylobacter isolates were discriminated between C. jejuni and C. coli by the hippurate hydrolysis test, three PCR methods using C. jejuni or C. coli specific primer sets, and the macrolide and quinolone line probe assay (MQ-LiPA). The results among the five methods were in agreement for all strains except for six strains, which were specified as C. coli by the hippurate hydrolysis test but as C. jejuni by the other methods. The data of 16S rDNA sequences in two out of these six strains, confirmed the strains were C. jejuni. These results suggest that MQ-LiPA is an effective method and can replace the hippurate hydrolysis test as other PCR methods.
{"title":"Discrimination between Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Using a Macrolide and Quinolone Line Probe Assay (MQ-LiPA)","authors":"H. Niwa, Y. Asai, S. Yamai, K. Itoh","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.71","url":null,"abstract":"Two hundred and forty nine Campylobacter isolates were discriminated between C. jejuni and C. coli by the hippurate hydrolysis test, three PCR methods using C. jejuni or C. coli specific primer sets, and the macrolide and quinolone line probe assay (MQ-LiPA). The results among the five methods were in agreement for all strains except for six strains, which were specified as C. coli by the hippurate hydrolysis test but as C. jejuni by the other methods. The data of 16S rDNA sequences in two out of these six strains, confirmed the strains were C. jejuni. These results suggest that MQ-LiPA is an effective method and can replace the hippurate hydrolysis test as other PCR methods.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"71-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ohashi, T. Igarashi, Fumitoshi Kumazawa, T. Fujisawa
The diversity of acetogens in human feces was analyzed with partial formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene sequences. FTHFS sequences affiliated with Ruminococcus productus were predominantly recovered. Several sequences of acetogens that have not previously been identified were also recovered. Analysis of FTHFS sequences is available for the study of acetogenic ecology in the human intestinal tract.
{"title":"Analysis of Acetogenic Bacteria in Human Feces with Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase Sequences","authors":"Y. Ohashi, T. Igarashi, Fumitoshi Kumazawa, T. Fujisawa","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.37","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of acetogens in human feces was analyzed with partial formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene sequences. FTHFS sequences affiliated with Ruminococcus productus were predominantly recovered. Several sequences of acetogens that have not previously been identified were also recovered. Analysis of FTHFS sequences is available for the study of acetogenic ecology in the human intestinal tract.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the cross-talk between pathogenic bacteria and the intestinal epithelial cells has been a topic of discussion. For infecting intestinal epithelial cells, pathogenic gram-negative bacteria secrete virulence factors directly into the cell and then use them to modulate the various functions of the epithelial cell. In the process, the bacterium uses the type III secretion machinery to directly interact with the epithelial cell. In 1998, Kubori et al. purified the type III secretion machinery from Salmonella for the first time and clarified its supramolecular structure. It has since been identified in many other pathogenic bacteria. The analysis of type III secretion machinery has advanced rapidly, and the mystery behind host cell infection by pathogenic bacteria is gradually becoming clear. In this article, the structure and function of the Shigella type III secretion machinery are reviewed.
{"title":"Supramolecular Structure of the Shigella Type III Secretion Machinery","authors":"Tomoko Morita-Ishihara","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.29","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the cross-talk between pathogenic bacteria and the intestinal epithelial cells has been a topic of discussion. For infecting intestinal epithelial cells, pathogenic gram-negative bacteria secrete virulence factors directly into the cell and then use them to modulate the various functions of the epithelial cell. In the process, the bacterium uses the type III secretion machinery to directly interact with the epithelial cell. In 1998, Kubori et al. purified the type III secretion machinery from Salmonella for the first time and clarified its supramolecular structure. It has since been identified in many other pathogenic bacteria. The analysis of type III secretion machinery has advanced rapidly, and the mystery behind host cell infection by pathogenic bacteria is gradually becoming clear. In this article, the structure and function of the Shigella type III secretion machinery are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The natural defense systems of animals, including humans, have been developed to maintain the hosts' health by fighting exogenous microbes. Immune systems, which have functions to recognize and keep out exogenous organisms, play a central role in the host defense systems. Intestinal microflora, mainly composed of commensal bacteria, also provide defense functions called colonization resistance to keep out exogenous bacteria. We have been investigating probiotic strains Lactobacillus johnsonii Lal (NCC533) and Bifidobacterium animalis subspp. lactis Bb-12 to elucidate the efficacy of these probiotic strains in strengthening the natural defense system of the host and their potential for risk reduction of infections as an end point benefit. Feeding trials using fermented milk with L. johnsonii Lal (LC1®) showed that intestinal microflora were improved and blood phagocytic activity, a biomarker for natural immunity, increased in healthy adults. In a feeding trial of LC1 in the elderly, we found that the frequency of infection was reduced by administration of the probiotics. In the LCl-fed elderly, blood phagocytic activity increased, and serum TNF-α, an inflammation biomarker, was lowered. Serum albumin, a biomarker for nutritional status, also increased in the LCl-fed elderly, suggesting that probiotic feeding may contribute to regulation of infection through immune system modulation, activation of immunity and suppression of inflammation, and nutritional status improvement. The Lal strain was shown to stimulate the parasympathetic nerve system in vivo, implying that anabolic action might contribute to nutritional status improvement. An anti-inflammatory effect of the Lal strain was also observed in the animal studies using colitis, Helicobacter pylori-infection, and atopic dermatitis models, and a human study in pollen allergy patients. Feeding of the Bb-12 strain in weaning children improved intestinal microflora and increased intestinal IgA production. Probiotics such as L. johnsonii Lal and Bifidobacterium Bb-12 could play a significant role in improving the QOL of human beings through strengthening the natural defense systems of the host. In this paper, we review and discuss our recent work with references to other research.
{"title":"Probiotics and natural defense function of the host","authors":"Y. Fukushima","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.26.1","url":null,"abstract":"The natural defense systems of animals, including humans, have been developed to maintain the hosts' health by fighting exogenous microbes. Immune systems, which have functions to recognize and keep out exogenous organisms, play a central role in the host defense systems. Intestinal microflora, mainly composed of commensal bacteria, also provide defense functions called colonization resistance to keep out exogenous bacteria. We have been investigating probiotic strains Lactobacillus johnsonii Lal (NCC533) and Bifidobacterium animalis subspp. lactis Bb-12 to elucidate the efficacy of these probiotic strains in strengthening the natural defense system of the host and their potential for risk reduction of infections as an end point benefit. Feeding trials using fermented milk with L. johnsonii Lal (LC1®) showed that intestinal microflora were improved and blood phagocytic activity, a biomarker for natural immunity, increased in healthy adults. In a feeding trial of LC1 in the elderly, we found that the frequency of infection was reduced by administration of the probiotics. In the LCl-fed elderly, blood phagocytic activity increased, and serum TNF-α, an inflammation biomarker, was lowered. Serum albumin, a biomarker for nutritional status, also increased in the LCl-fed elderly, suggesting that probiotic feeding may contribute to regulation of infection through immune system modulation, activation of immunity and suppression of inflammation, and nutritional status improvement. The Lal strain was shown to stimulate the parasympathetic nerve system in vivo, implying that anabolic action might contribute to nutritional status improvement. An anti-inflammatory effect of the Lal strain was also observed in the animal studies using colitis, Helicobacter pylori-infection, and atopic dermatitis models, and a human study in pollen allergy patients. Feeding of the Bb-12 strain in weaning children improved intestinal microflora and increased intestinal IgA production. Probiotics such as L. johnsonii Lal and Bifidobacterium Bb-12 could play a significant role in improving the QOL of human beings through strengthening the natural defense systems of the host. In this paper, we review and discuss our recent work with references to other research.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66338015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shioiri, Keiko Yahagi, Sachie Nakayama, T. Asahara, N. Yuki, K. Kawakami, Y. Yamaoka, Y. Sakai, K. Nomoto, Masumi Totani
We evaluated the effects of ingestion of a synbiotic fermented milk beverage containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) at 3 x 1010 and transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (GOS) at 2.5 g per 80 ml (once a day, 2 weeks) on the defecation frequency in 35 female university students with constipation as well as the defecation frequency, intestinal microflora, and intestinal environment in elderly persons in whom the intestinal microflora and the levels of putrefactive metabolites were abnormal in a placebo-controlled double-blind study. In the female students, the defecation frequency after 1 week of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion was significantly higher than that after 1 week of placebo ingestion or before ingestion. In the elderly persons, the fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus bacterial counts after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly higher than those after placebo ingestion or before ingestion (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The fecal lecithinase-positive Clostridium bacterial count after 1 week of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion and the fecal Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly lower than those after placebo ingestion (p<0.05). LcS at 10 7 CFU per gram of stool was collected during the ingestion period. The acetic acid levels after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly higher than those after placebo ingestion (p<0.01). The stool pH values after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion and the ammonia and phenol levels after 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly lower than those after placebo ingestion (p<0.05). These results suggest that ingestion of the synbiotic fermented milk beverage containing LcS and GOS improves the stool quality, intestinal microflora, and intestinal environment.
本研究评估了35名便秘女大学生摄入含干酪乳杆菌Shirota菌株(LcS)浓度为3 × 1010和经半乳糖化寡糖(GOS)浓度为2.5 g / 80 ml(每天1次，2周)的合成发酵乳饮料对排便频率、肠道菌群、肠道菌群和肠道菌群的影响。在一项安慰剂对照双盲研究中，肠道菌群和腐败代谢物水平异常的老年人肠道环境。在女学生中，服用合成发酵乳饮料1周后的排便频率显著高于服用安慰剂1周后或服用前。老年人饮用合成发酵乳饮料后1周和2周的粪便双歧杆菌和乳酸菌计数显著高于饮用安慰剂后和饮用前(p<0.05和p<0.01)。饮用合成发酵乳饮料1周后粪便卵磷脂酶阳性梭状芽孢杆菌计数和饮用合成发酵乳饮料1、2周后粪便肠杆菌科细菌计数均显著低于饮用安慰剂组(p<0.05)。在摄食期间收集每克粪便10.7 CFU的LcS。饲粮摄入合成发酵乳饮料后1周和2周的乙酸水平显著高于对照组(p<0.01)。食用合成发酵乳饮料后1周和2周的粪便pH值以及食用合成发酵乳饮料后2周的氨、酚水平均显著低于食用安慰剂后的粪便pH值(p<0.05)。综上所述，饮用含LcS和GOS的合成发酵乳饮料可改善粪便质量，改善肠道菌群，改善肠道环境。
{"title":"The Effects of a Synbiotic Fermented Milk Beverage Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota and Transgalactosylated Oligosaccharides on Defecation Frequency, Intestinal Microflora, Organic Acid Concentrations, and Putrefactive Metabolites of Sub-Optimal Health State Volunteers: A Randomized Pla","authors":"T. Shioiri, Keiko Yahagi, Sachie Nakayama, T. Asahara, N. Yuki, K. Kawakami, Y. Yamaoka, Y. Sakai, K. Nomoto, Masumi Totani","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.137","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effects of ingestion of a synbiotic fermented milk beverage containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) at 3 x 1010 and transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (GOS) at 2.5 g per 80 ml (once a day, 2 weeks) on the defecation frequency in 35 female university students with constipation as well as the defecation frequency, intestinal microflora, and intestinal environment in elderly persons in whom the intestinal microflora and the levels of putrefactive metabolites were abnormal in a placebo-controlled double-blind study. In the female students, the defecation frequency after 1 week of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion was significantly higher than that after 1 week of placebo ingestion or before ingestion. In the elderly persons, the fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus bacterial counts after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly higher than those after placebo ingestion or before ingestion (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). The fecal lecithinase-positive Clostridium bacterial count after 1 week of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion and the fecal Enterobacteriaceae bacterial counts after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly lower than those after placebo ingestion (p<0.05). LcS at 10 7 CFU per gram of stool was collected during the ingestion period. The acetic acid levels after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly higher than those after placebo ingestion (p<0.01). The stool pH values after 1 and 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion and the ammonia and phenol levels after 2 weeks of synbiotic fermented milk beverage ingestion were significantly lower than those after placebo ingestion (p<0.05). These results suggest that ingestion of the synbiotic fermented milk beverage containing LcS and GOS improves the stool quality, intestinal microflora, and intestinal environment.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"25 1","pages":"137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We screened lactic acid bacteria which had cellular or humoral immunomodulatory function from 51 strains isolated from Mongolian fermented milk by measuring the inductive activity of IL-12 and INF-yor IgM, IgG and IgA, respectively. Two strains induced large quantities of IL-12 and INF-y and had cellular immunomodulatory function, and 3 strains induced large quantities of IgA and had humoral immunomodulatory function. The probiotic properties of these 5 strains were studied by measuring the tolerance to stomach acid, bile and pancreatic fluid and the adherence to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells in in vitro tests. Results showed that the N-17 strain (Lactobacillus plantarum), which induced large quantities of IgA, strongly tolerated stomach acid, bile and pancreatic fluid and expressed strong adherence to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. In addition, survival of the N-17 strain during passage through the gastrointestinal tract of mice was examined after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hr of oral administration to mice. Six hr after oral administration, the highest number of viable cells of the strain appeared from feces, and almost all of the administered bacteria were recovered within 48hr. These results suggested that the N-17 strain isolated from Mongolian fermented milk induced large quantities of IgA and showed high survival during passage through the mouse digestive tract. Therefore, this is an excellent probiotic strain which has humoral immunomodulatory function and may be useful as a carrier for the oral vaccine.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Function and Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Mongolian Fermented Milk","authors":"M. Kimura, Kuninaga Danno, H. Yasui","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.147","url":null,"abstract":"We screened lactic acid bacteria which had cellular or humoral immunomodulatory function from 51 strains isolated from Mongolian fermented milk by measuring the inductive activity of IL-12 and INF-yor IgM, IgG and IgA, respectively. Two strains induced large quantities of IL-12 and INF-y and had cellular immunomodulatory function, and 3 strains induced large quantities of IgA and had humoral immunomodulatory function. The probiotic properties of these 5 strains were studied by measuring the tolerance to stomach acid, bile and pancreatic fluid and the adherence to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells in in vitro tests. Results showed that the N-17 strain (Lactobacillus plantarum), which induced large quantities of IgA, strongly tolerated stomach acid, bile and pancreatic fluid and expressed strong adherence to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. In addition, survival of the N-17 strain during passage through the gastrointestinal tract of mice was examined after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hr of oral administration to mice. Six hr after oral administration, the highest number of viable cells of the strain appeared from feces, and almost all of the administered bacteria were recovered within 48hr. These results suggested that the N-17 strain isolated from Mongolian fermented milk induced large quantities of IgA and showed high survival during passage through the mouse digestive tract. Therefore, this is an excellent probiotic strain which has humoral immunomodulatory function and may be useful as a carrier for the oral vaccine.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"25 1","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Igimi, M. Yamasaki, Akinobu Kajikawa, Shigeki Yamamoto, F. Amano
A polyclonal antibody of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE), designated RY542, inhibited SE from attaching to and invading the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2, in a dose-dependent manner. A major immunoreactive band of 55 kDa obtained in western blotting using RY542 was identified as FliC. An affinity-purified anti-flagellin antibody from RY542 similarly inhibited the infection. These results suggest that RY542 is a neutralizing antibody that blocks the infection of SE in Caco-2 cells by interacting with flagella, and that flagellin may potentially be useful as a component of a Salmonella vaccine.
{"title":"An Anti-Salmonella Antibody Prevents the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from Infecting the Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line, Caco-2, by Interacting with Flagella","authors":"S. Igimi, M. Yamasaki, Akinobu Kajikawa, Shigeki Yamamoto, F. Amano","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.117","url":null,"abstract":"A polyclonal antibody of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE), designated RY542, inhibited SE from attaching to and invading the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2, in a dose-dependent manner. A major immunoreactive band of 55 kDa obtained in western blotting using RY542 was identified as FliC. An affinity-purified anti-flagellin antibody from RY542 similarly inhibited the infection. These results suggest that RY542 is a neutralizing antibody that blocks the infection of SE in Caco-2 cells by interacting with flagella, and that flagellin may potentially be useful as a component of a Salmonella vaccine.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"25 1","pages":"117-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nobuyuki Suzuki, Y. Aiba, H. Takeda, Y. Fukumori, Y. Koga
A synthetic mixture of fructo-oligosaccharides (mFOS), consisting largely of nystose (GF 3 ) and a lesser amount of 1-kestose (GF 2 ) has been reported to be selectively utilized by bifidobacteria. In the present study, we tried to identify which fructo-oligosaccharide molecule in mFOS is really involved in the stimulation of bifidobacteria in the gut, using both the gnotobiotic murine model and in vitro culture. 1-Kestose administration to gnotobiotic mice that were associated with human fecal microbiota significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria while mFOS administration was unable to sustain bifidobacteria in these hosts. Moreover a simultaneous decrease in the number of clostridia was found in host mice administered 1-kestose but not in those administered mFOS. The acetate/ propionate ratio in the feces was far higher in host mice administered 1-kestose than in those administered mFOS, suggesting the selective growth activation of bifidobacteria by 1-kestose. The culture study demonstrated that 1-kestose exerts a strong growth-stimulating activity on bifidobacteria but a negligible one on clostridia. On the other hand, nystose was able to stimulate clostridia if the clostridia were exposed to nystose for some time. These results suggest the superiority of 1-kestose to mFOS, which consists largely of nystose, in the selective stimulating activity on bifidobacteria.
{"title":"Superiority of 1-kestose, the Smallest Fructo-oligosaccharide, to a Synthetic Mixture of Fructo-oligosaccharides in the Selective Stimulating Activity on Bifidobacteria","authors":"Nobuyuki Suzuki, Y. Aiba, H. Takeda, Y. Fukumori, Y. Koga","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.109","url":null,"abstract":"A synthetic mixture of fructo-oligosaccharides (mFOS), consisting largely of nystose (GF 3 ) and a lesser amount of 1-kestose (GF 2 ) has been reported to be selectively utilized by bifidobacteria. In the present study, we tried to identify which fructo-oligosaccharide molecule in mFOS is really involved in the stimulation of bifidobacteria in the gut, using both the gnotobiotic murine model and in vitro culture. 1-Kestose administration to gnotobiotic mice that were associated with human fecal microbiota significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria while mFOS administration was unable to sustain bifidobacteria in these hosts. Moreover a simultaneous decrease in the number of clostridia was found in host mice administered 1-kestose but not in those administered mFOS. The acetate/ propionate ratio in the feces was far higher in host mice administered 1-kestose than in those administered mFOS, suggesting the selective growth activation of bifidobacteria by 1-kestose. The culture study demonstrated that 1-kestose exerts a strong growth-stimulating activity on bifidobacteria but a negligible one on clostridia. On the other hand, nystose was able to stimulate clostridia if the clostridia were exposed to nystose for some time. These results suggest the superiority of 1-kestose to mFOS, which consists largely of nystose, in the selective stimulating activity on bifidobacteria.","PeriodicalId":90114,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience and microflora","volume":"25 1","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/BIFIDUS.25.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66337358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nagashima, J. Mochizuki, Takayoshi Hisada, Shuji Suzuki, K. Shimomura
We have developed a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) method for determining the structure and dynamics of the microbial gut community. In this paper, the improved T-RFLP method in combination with an analysis of the fecal 16S rDNA (ribosomal RNA gene) clone libraries from six individuals is described. A total of 418 different partial sequences of 16S rDNA were determined and subjected to a phylogenetic analysis and homology examination. We found that the sequences were roughly divided into six phylogenetic groups containing seven subgroups and were related to 71 known species with over 90% similarity. With the exception of a few cases, we found that in silica BstI-digestioa of the sequences belonging to the same bacterial group or subgroup generated terminal restriction fragments of similar lengths. We concluded that human intestinal microbiota predominantly consists of the members of approximately ten phylogenetic bacterial groups and that these bacterial groups are effectively distinguished by our T-RFLP system.
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