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Adverse events associated with IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the clinical management of psoriasis: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis. 银屑病临床治疗中与IL-23和IL-12/23抑制剂相关的不良事件:一项综合药物警戒分析
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-025-00837-y
Wentao Shi, Ziyi Zhao, Yinghong Zhai, Xiaofei Ye, Feng Xu

Background: Interleukin-23 (IL-23) inhibitors and the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab constitute a pivotal class of therapeutic agents employed in the clinical management of Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder. Notwithstanding their therapeutic efficacy, concerns have arisen due to the emergence of multiple adverse events (AEs) associated with their usage. This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the distribution and characteristics of these AEs concerning IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors, with a specific focus on guselkumab, tildrakizumab, risankizumab, and ustekinumab.

Methods: In this research endeavor, we conducted an extensive analysis of data extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), spanning the timeframe from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2022. To identify potential signals of AEs, we rigorously applied disproportionality analysis, utilizing both reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) metrics. A signal was considered present when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for ROR (ROR025) exceeded one or when IC (IC025) surpassed zero, with a minimum requirement of three or more reported cases.

Results: Our investigation encompassed a substantial dataset, comprising a total of 41,408,408 reports detailing drug-AE associations and involving 13,271,168 individuals. Among these, 704, 13,164, and 11,399 patients were identified as users of the IL-23 inhibitors tildrakizumab, guselkumab, and risankizumab, respectively, while 62,853 patients were identified as users of the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab. The analysis revealed the presence of 8, 20, 107, and 115 signals for these respective drugs. Significantly, the System Organ Class (SOC) exhibiting the highest incidence was "infections and infestations," with documented occurrences in tildrakizumab (6/8), guselkumab (5/20), ustekinumab (50/107), and risankizumab (25/115).

Conclusion: Our pharmacovigilance analysis has brought to light a substantial frequency of AEs linked to IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors. These findings underscore the pivotal role of IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in modulating immune function and raise concerns regarding their potential to heighten susceptibility to infections and malignancies. However, limitations inherent to the FAERS database, including underreporting, lack of denominator data, potential duplicate records, and inability to confirm causality, should be acknowledged of particular significance is risankizumab, which, despite having fewer reported cases and a later market introduction compared to ustekinumab, exhibited a higher incidence of AEs. These results emphasize the necessity for ongoing vigilance, further investigation, and a reevaluation of the safety profile of IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the clinical management of Psoriasis.

背景:白介素-23 (IL-23)抑制剂和IL-12/23抑制剂ustekinumab是银屑病(一种慢性免疫介导的皮肤疾病)临床治疗中关键的一类治疗药物。尽管它们具有治疗效果,但由于与它们的使用相关的多种不良事件(ae)的出现,引起了人们的关注。本研究旨在全面研究这些与IL-23和IL-12/23抑制剂相关的ae的分布和特征,特别关注guselkumab、tildrakizumab、risankizumab和ustekinumab。方法:在本研究中,我们对从FDA不良事件报告系统(FAERS)中提取的数据进行了广泛的分析,时间跨度为2014年1月1日至2022年9月30日。为了识别ae的潜在信号,我们严格应用歧化分析,利用报告优势比(ROR)和信息成分(IC)指标。当ROR (ROR025)的95%置信区间(CI)的下限超过1或IC (IC025)超过零时,认为存在信号,最低要求是报告三个或更多病例。结果:我们的调查包含了一个庞大的数据集,包括41,408,408份详细描述药物ae关联的报告,涉及13,271,168人。其中,分别有704、13164和11399例患者被确定为IL-23抑制剂tildrakizumab、guselkumab和risankizumab的使用者,而62853例患者被确定为IL-12/23抑制剂ustekinumab的使用者。分析显示,这些药物分别存在8、20、107和115个信号。值得注意的是,系统器官类别(SOC)显示出最高的发生率是“感染和感染”,有记录的发生在tildrakizumab (6/8), guselkumab (5/20), ustekinumab(50/107)和risankizumab(25/115)。结论:我们的药物警戒分析揭示了与IL-23和IL-12/23抑制剂相关的ae的大量频率。这些发现强调了IL-23和IL-12/23抑制剂在调节免疫功能中的关键作用,并引起了对它们可能增加感染和恶性肿瘤易感性的关注。然而,FAERS数据库固有的局限性,包括少报、缺乏分母数据、潜在的重复记录和无法确认因果关系,应该承认特别重要的是risankizumab,尽管与ustekinumab相比,报告的病例较少,市场引入较晚,但表现出更高的ae发生率。这些结果强调了持续警惕、进一步研究和重新评估IL-23和IL-12/23抑制剂在银屑病临床治疗中的安全性的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Intravenous dexmedetomidine for delirium prevention in elderly patients following orthopedic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 静脉注射右美托咪定预防骨科术后老年患者谵妄:一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-025-00841-2
Jing Sun, Duo Wang, Yue Zhao, Ying Bai, Shufang Wang, Chang Meng, Guobin Miao, Peng Liu

Objectives: We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium in elderly orthopedic surgery patients.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The data was published on October 25, 2024. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Outcome measures included incidence of delirium, length of hospital stay, visual analogue scale, and postoperative complications. Estimates are expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The publications were reviewed according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Results: This study was registered with INPLASY (number INPLASY2024110004). A total of 3159 patients were included in 9 randomized controlled trials. The results showed that dexmedetomidine exhibited a preventive effect on delirium compared with the control group in elderly patients after orthopedic surgery (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45-0.66, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis suggested that dexmedetomidine was significantly different from saline(RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.44-0.73, P<0.01, I²=31%) and propofol(RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.39-0.70, P<0.01, I²=0%) in reducing postoperative delirium in elderly fracture patients. No statistically significant differences were observed in length of hospital stay, visual analogue scale, and postoperative complications (P > 0.05). Certainty of evidence for postoperative delirium was moderate.

Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine has been shown to have a protective effect on postoperative delirium in elderly patients following orthopedic surgery.

目的:我们进行荟萃分析,探讨右美托咪定对老年骨科手术患者术后谵妄的影响。方法:通过meta分析确定右美托咪定在老年骨科手术患者中的随机对照试验。该数据于2024年10月25日公布。检索PubMed、Embase和Cochrane图书馆数据库。结果测量包括谵妄的发生率、住院时间、视觉模拟量表和术后并发症。估计值表示为相对风险(RR)或平均差异(MD), 95%置信区间(CI)。根据Cochrane手册和系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)的指南对出版物进行审查。结果:本研究已在INPLASY注册(编号INPLASY2024110004)。9项随机对照试验共纳入3159例患者。结果显示,与对照组相比,右美托咪定对老年骨科术后谵妄有预防作用(RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45-0.66, P < 2 = 0%)。亚组分析显示右美托咪定与生理盐水差异有统计学意义(RR: 0.56;95% ci: 0.44-0.73, p 0.05)。术后谵妄证据的确定性为中等。结论:右美托咪定已被证明对老年骨科术后谵妄患者有保护作用。
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引用次数: 0
Potential antihyperlipidemic effects of myrcenol and curzerene in high-fat fed rats. 月桂醇和莪术烯对高脂大鼠的潜在抗高脂血症作用。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-025-00838-x
Sana Tahir, Abdullah Abdo, Aisha Mobashar, Arham Shabbir, Komal Najam, Aisha Ibrahim, Khalid Hussain, Yousef A Bin Jardan, Samir Ibenmoussa, Youssouf Ali Younous

The study evaluated the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of myrcenol and curzerene on a high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia rat model. Thirty male albino rats were fed on a high-fat diet for four months. The HFD-induced hyperperlipidemia rats were treated with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg), curzerene (130 mg/kg) and myrcenol (100 mg/kg) for four weeks. Blood samples were collected for further analysis. Aorta and heart were harvested for histopathological evaluation. Hepatic lipase and HMG-CoA reductase were determined by ELISA. FST and Y-maze tests were performed to assess the stress level in hyperlipidemia rats. The phytochemical compounds (Curzerene and Myrcenol) and the standard drug (Rosuvastatin) resulted in decreased body weight as well as reduced levels of LDL, TG, TC, AST and ALT as compared to the diseased group. Additionally, the treated groups displayed improved HDL levels and less depressed behavior. The ELISA results revealed that the Curzerene and myrcenol had significantly increased the protein concentration of hepatic lipase than the diseased group whereas both compounds significantly lowered the HMG-CoA reductase concentrations compared to the diseased group. The findings suggested that myrcenol and curzerene had the potential to be therapeutic agents for managing hyperlipidemia and reducing the risk of heart-related conditions associated with high lipid levels.

研究了月桂醇和莪术烯对高脂饮食诱导的高脂血症大鼠模型的降血脂作用。30只雄性白化大鼠被喂食高脂肪食物4个月。以瑞舒伐他汀(10 mg/kg)、莪术烯(130 mg/kg)、月桂醇(100 mg/kg)治疗hfd诱导的高脂血症大鼠4周。采集血液样本作进一步分析。取主动脉和心脏进行组织病理学评估。ELISA法测定肝脏脂肪酶和HMG-CoA还原酶。采用FST和y -迷宫法评估高脂血症大鼠的应激水平。与患病组相比,植物化学化合物(Curzerene和Myrcenol)和标准药物(瑞舒伐他汀)导致体重下降,LDL、TG、TC、AST和ALT水平降低。此外,治疗组的高密度脂蛋白水平有所改善,抑郁行为也有所减少。酶联免疫吸附试验结果显示,莪术烯和月桂醇显著提高了肝脏脂肪酶蛋白浓度,显著降低了HMG-CoA还原酶浓度。研究结果表明,月桂醇和莪术烯有可能成为治疗高脂血症和降低与高血脂水平相关的心脏相关疾病风险的治疗药物。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and interactions between piperine and ezetimibe in their Anti-hyperlipidemic efficacy using Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics. 用生物药剂学和药代动力学研究胡椒碱和依泽可米抗高脂血症疗效的表征和相互作用。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-025-00836-z
Kavitha Marati, Sujatha Palatheeya, Ananda Kumar Chettupalli, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke

Background: Piperine, a secondary metabolite, affects the antihyperlipidemic effect of Ezetimibe (EZ). Hyperlipidemia is one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Antihyperlipidemic drugs are essential for reducing cardiovascular events and patient mortality. Our study aimed to improve the solubility of EZ, a lipid-lowering drug that belongs to BCS II and has low solubility. Piperine, a bioenhancer, can increase the bioavailability of other pharmaceuticals without modifying their fundamental characteristics or enhancing their efficacy. The objective of this study was to increase the bioavailability of EZ while also improving its potency and reducing its toxicity by using piperine as a bioenhancer. Therefore, rats were given piperine combined with EZ, and their antihyperlipidemic activity was assessed while fed a high-fat diet.

Method: The in vivo antihyperlipidemic effect of EZ with piperine was assessed at doses of 10 and 5-20 mg/kg b.w. The evaluation was conducted using propylthiouracil-induced and triton X-100-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Give 400 mg/kg body weight of propylthiouracil along with piperine. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.01), triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < 0.01), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (p < 0.01) all went up significantly. Additionally, it led to the induction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.01). Administration of Triton X-100 via intraperitoneal injection at a single dose resulted in an elevation of lipid levels.

Results: Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly reduced by EZ at 10 mg/kg b.w. and piperine at 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Liver histology studies provided further evidence supporting the present findings. Areas of concentrated periportal lymphocytes and hepatocytes formed a cord pattern in rats with hyperlipidaemia. It seemed like the hepatocytes, periportal area, and centrilobular part of the liver were all normal in the group who had the treatment. An analysis of the EZ plasma drug concentration with time was carried out in a research. The medication's most effective concentration (Cmax) was determined to be within 4 h after delivery, and The quantified concentration of the active medication was detectable in the bloodstream for 24 h.

Conclusion: In combination with piperine, EZ has demonstrated significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects. This indicates that EZ could be further utilised for treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis due to its potential to boost the bioavailability and oral absorption of the drug.

背景:胡椒碱是一种次级代谢物,影响依折麦比(EZ)的降血脂作用。高脂血症是动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病的独立危险因素之一。抗高脂血症药物对于减少心血管事件和患者死亡率至关重要。我们的研究旨在提高EZ的溶解度,EZ是一种低溶解度的降脂药物,属于BCS II。胡椒碱是一种生物增强剂,可以提高其他药物的生物利用度,而不改变它们的基本特性或增强它们的功效。本研究的目的是通过使用胡椒碱作为生物增强剂来提高EZ的生物利用度,同时提高其效力并降低其毒性。因此,大鼠给予胡椒碱联合EZ,并在饲喂高脂肪饮食的同时评估其抗高脂血症活性。方法:采用丙硫脲嘧啶诱导的大鼠高脂血症和triton x -100诱导的大鼠高脂血症,分别以10和5 ~ 20 mg/kg b.w剂量评价EZ与胡椒碱的体内降血脂作用。给予丙硫尿嘧啶400毫克/公斤体重和胡椒碱。结果:在10 mg/kg体重和20 mg/kg体重时,EZ分别显著降低了高密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)水平(p)。结论:EZ与胡椒碱联合使用具有显著的抗氧化和抗高脂血症作用。这表明EZ可以进一步用于治疗高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化,因为它有可能提高药物的生物利用度和口服吸收。
{"title":"Characterization and interactions between piperine and ezetimibe in their Anti-hyperlipidemic efficacy using Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics.","authors":"Kavitha Marati, Sujatha Palatheeya, Ananda Kumar Chettupalli, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00836-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-00836-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Piperine, a secondary metabolite, affects the antihyperlipidemic effect of Ezetimibe (EZ). Hyperlipidemia is one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Antihyperlipidemic drugs are essential for reducing cardiovascular events and patient mortality. Our study aimed to improve the solubility of EZ, a lipid-lowering drug that belongs to BCS II and has low solubility. Piperine, a bioenhancer, can increase the bioavailability of other pharmaceuticals without modifying their fundamental characteristics or enhancing their efficacy. The objective of this study was to increase the bioavailability of EZ while also improving its potency and reducing its toxicity by using piperine as a bioenhancer. Therefore, rats were given piperine combined with EZ, and their antihyperlipidemic activity was assessed while fed a high-fat diet.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The in vivo antihyperlipidemic effect of EZ with piperine was assessed at doses of 10 and 5-20 mg/kg b.w. The evaluation was conducted using propylthiouracil-induced and triton X-100-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Give 400 mg/kg body weight of propylthiouracil along with piperine. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.01), triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < 0.01), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (p < 0.01) all went up significantly. Additionally, it led to the induction of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.01). Administration of Triton X-100 via intraperitoneal injection at a single dose resulted in an elevation of lipid levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly reduced by EZ at 10 mg/kg b.w. and piperine at 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Liver histology studies provided further evidence supporting the present findings. Areas of concentrated periportal lymphocytes and hepatocytes formed a cord pattern in rats with hyperlipidaemia. It seemed like the hepatocytes, periportal area, and centrilobular part of the liver were all normal in the group who had the treatment. An analysis of the EZ plasma drug concentration with time was carried out in a research. The medication's most effective concentration (Cmax) was determined to be within 4 h after delivery, and The quantified concentration of the active medication was detectable in the bloodstream for 24 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In combination with piperine, EZ has demonstrated significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects. This indicates that EZ could be further utilised for treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis due to its potential to boost the bioavailability and oral absorption of the drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Boswellic acid synergizes with low-dose ionizing radiation to mitigate thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats. 乳香酸与低剂量电离辐射协同作用减轻硫代乙酰胺诱导的大鼠肝性脑病。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00831-w
Dina E Saad, Somaya Z Mansour, Eman I Kandil, Asmaa Hassan, Fatma S M Moawed, Mustafa M M Elbakry

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a syndrome that arises from acute or chronic liver failure. This study was devised to assess the impact of a combination of boswellic acid (BA) and low doses of gamma radiation (LDR) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE in an animal model. The effect of daily BA treatment (175 mg/kg body weight, for four weeks) and/or fractionated low-dose γ-radiation (LDR; 0.25 Gy, twice the total dose of 0.5 Gy) was evaluated against TAA (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) twice-weekly for four weeks to induce liver damage and HE in rats. TAA-exposed rats exhibited a significant elevation in serum activities of liver enzymes (GGT, ALP) and plasma ammonia levels at P < 0.05 (Duncan's test) compared to the control group. Moreover, there was an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL12, IL18) in the TAA-exposed animals accompanied by a depletion in the activities of paraoxonase-1 and neurotransmitter contents compared with normal control rats (P < 0.05). However, the administration of BA alone or in combination with LDR led to improvements in liver and brain parameter indices. Furthermore, the histopathological assessments of liver and brain tissues supported the findings of the biochemical investigations. From the statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the combined administration of BA and exposure to LDR may possess potential hepatoprotective effects against hepatic encephalopathy-associated hyperammonemia and the consequent damage to the liver and brain. This study proposes that a combination of therapeutic approaches, LDR and BA could be a new therapeutic candidate for the management of hepatic encephalopathy.

肝性脑病(HE)是一种由急性或慢性肝功能衰竭引起的综合征。本研究旨在评估结合使用乳香酸(BA)和低剂量伽马射线(LDR)对硫代乙酰胺(TAA)诱导的肝性脑病动物模型的影响。针对TAA(200毫克/千克,腹腔注射)诱导大鼠肝损伤和肝癌,我们评估了每日BA治疗(175毫克/千克体重,连续四周)和/或分次低剂量γ射线(LDR;0.25 Gy,是总剂量0.5 Gy的两倍)的效果,TAA(200毫克/千克,腹腔注射)每周两次,连续四周。暴露于 TAA 的大鼠的血清肝酶(GGT、ALP)活性和血浆氨水平在 P
{"title":"Boswellic acid synergizes with low-dose ionizing radiation to mitigate thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats.","authors":"Dina E Saad, Somaya Z Mansour, Eman I Kandil, Asmaa Hassan, Fatma S M Moawed, Mustafa M M Elbakry","doi":"10.1186/s40360-024-00831-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-024-00831-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a syndrome that arises from acute or chronic liver failure. This study was devised to assess the impact of a combination of boswellic acid (BA) and low doses of gamma radiation (LDR) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE in an animal model. The effect of daily BA treatment (175 mg/kg body weight, for four weeks) and/or fractionated low-dose γ-radiation (LDR; 0.25 Gy, twice the total dose of 0.5 Gy) was evaluated against TAA (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) twice-weekly for four weeks to induce liver damage and HE in rats. TAA-exposed rats exhibited a significant elevation in serum activities of liver enzymes (GGT, ALP) and plasma ammonia levels at P < 0.05 (Duncan's test) compared to the control group. Moreover, there was an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL12, IL18) in the TAA-exposed animals accompanied by a depletion in the activities of paraoxonase-1 and neurotransmitter contents compared with normal control rats (P < 0.05). However, the administration of BA alone or in combination with LDR led to improvements in liver and brain parameter indices. Furthermore, the histopathological assessments of liver and brain tissues supported the findings of the biochemical investigations. From the statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the combined administration of BA and exposure to LDR may possess potential hepatoprotective effects against hepatic encephalopathy-associated hyperammonemia and the consequent damage to the liver and brain. This study proposes that a combination of therapeutic approaches, LDR and BA could be a new therapeutic candidate for the management of hepatic encephalopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11727435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characteristics, risk factors and a risk prediction model of tocilizumab-induced hypofibrinogenemia: a retrospective real-world study of inpatients. tocilizumab诱导的低纤维蛋白原血症的特征、危险因素和风险预测模型:一项对住院患者的回顾性现实研究。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00827-6
Le Cai, Xiao Wen, Zihan Qiu, An Fu, Daihong Guo, Man Zhu

Objective: The occurrence of hypofibrinogenemia after tocilizumab treatment has attracted increasing attention, which may cause bleeding and even life-threatening. This study aims to explore the risk factors for tocilizumab-induced hypofibrinogenemia (T-HFIB) and construct a risk prediction model.

Methods: A total of 221 inpatients that received tocilizumab from 2015 to 2023 were retrospectively collected and divided into T-HFIB group or control group. The risk factors for T-HFIB were obtained by logistic regression equation and used to establish the nomogram.

Results: T-HFIB was observed in 121 of 221 patients (54.75%). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that infection (OR = 2.002, 95%CI:1.018 ~ 3.935), COVID-19 (OR = 3.752, 95%CI:1.264 ~ 11.139), CAR-T therapy (OR = 4.409, 95%CI:2.017 ~ 0.894), and concomitant glucocorticoids (OR = 5.303, 95%CI:0.227 ~ 0.894) were identified as independent risk factors for T-HFIB, while high baseline fibrinogen level (OR = 0.813, 95%CI:0.670 ~ 0.988) and concomitant antirheumatic drugs (OR = 0.451, 95%CI:0.227 ~ 0.894) were identified as protective factors. A nomogram was established, and area under the curve (AUC) of prediction model was 0.772 (95%CI:0.709 ~ 0.836). Calibration curve showed a good prediction accuracy for the occurrence of T-HFIB.

Conclusion: The infection, COVID-19, CAR-T therapy, and concomitant glucocorticoids were independent risk factors for T-HFIB, while high baseline fibrinogen and concomitant antirheumatic drugs were protective factors. This nomogram can help early identify the patients at potential high risk of developing T-HFIB.

目的:托珠单抗治疗后发生低纤维蛋白原血症越来越受到关注,可能导致出血甚至危及生命。本研究旨在探讨tocilizumab诱导的低纤维蛋白原血症(T-HFIB)的危险因素,并构建风险预测模型。方法:回顾性收集2015 - 2023年接受托珠单抗治疗的221例住院患者,分为T-HFIB组和对照组。通过logistic回归方程得到T-HFIB的危险因素,并建立正态图。结果:221例患者中有121例(54.75%)出现T-HFIB。多因素logistic回归分析显示,感染(OR = 2.002, 95%CI:1.018 ~ 3.935)、COVID-19 (OR = 3.752, 95%CI:1.264 ~ 11.139)、CAR-T治疗(OR = 4.409, 95%CI:2.017 ~ 0.894)、合并使用糖皮质激素(OR = 5.303, 95%CI:0.227 ~ 0.894)是T-HFIB的独立危险因素,而高基线纤维蛋白原水平(OR = 0.813, 95%CI:0.670 ~ 0.988)和合并使用抗风湿药物(OR = 0.451, 95%CI:0.227 ~ 0.894)是T-HFIB的保护因素。建立拟态图,预测模型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.772 (95%CI:0.709 ~ 0.836)。校正曲线对T-HFIB的发生有较好的预测精度。结论:感染、COVID-19、CAR-T治疗及合用糖皮质激素是T-HFIB的独立危险因素,而高基线纤维蛋白原及合用抗风湿药物是T-HFIB的保护因素。该图可以帮助早期识别具有T-HFIB潜在高风险的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of different antiplatelet therapy drugs on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation in early septic ARDS. 不同抗血小板药物对脓毒性ARDS早期血小板活化及血小板-白细胞聚集形成的影响。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00806-x
Lu Wang, Liang-Yu Mi, Xiang-Yu Chen, Huai-Wu He, Yun Long

Background: In patients with sepsis, platelets are activated and adhere to neutrophils, forming platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) that lead to the development of MODS. ARDS is one of the main manifestations of septic MODS. We designed this study to explore the effects of different anti-plate therapy drugs on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) formation in the early stage of septic ARDS.

Methods: Sixty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into: Control group; ARDS group, ARDS + aspirin group, ARDS + clopidogrel group and ARDS + tirofiban group. ARDS was performed via instill lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheally at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Aspirin or clopidogrel were given by gavage immediately after modeling. Tirofiban were given by intraperitoneal injection immediately after modeling. Rats in every group were euthanized by rapid decapitation 6 h after modeling. Platelet activation and PLA were assessed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Histology of lung was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results: Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban decreased CRP, IL-1 and TNF-α significantly in septic ARDS (P < 0.05). Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban decreased platelet function and ratio of wet/dry significantly in septic ARDS (P < 0.05). Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban increased PaO2 significantly in septic ARDS (P < 0.05). Platelet activation and PLA in the ARDS + aspirin group, ARDS + clopidogrel group and ARDS + tirofiban group decreased significantly compared to the ARDS group (P < 0.05). At 6 h after ARDS operation, obvious histological damage was observed in the lungs. All of these histological changes were quantitatively evaluated using injury scores. Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban reduced the histological damages in ARDS group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban alleviated the inflammatory response and pulmonary edema, reduced platelet function, and alleviated hypoxemia in early septic ARDS. Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban reduced platelet activation and PLA formation in early septic ARDS. Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban ultimately alleviated lung injury in early septic ARDS.

背景:在脓毒症患者中,血小板被激活并粘附于中性粒细胞,形成血小板-白细胞聚集体(PLAs),导致MODS的发展。ARDS是脓毒性MODS的主要表现之一。本研究旨在探讨不同抗血小板治疗药物对脓毒性ARDS早期血小板活化及血小板-白细胞聚集物(PLA)形成的影响。方法:60只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为:对照组;ARDS组、ARDS +阿司匹林组、ARDS +氯吡格雷组、ARDS +替罗非班组。ARDS通过5 mg/kg剂量的脂多糖(LPS)气管内注射。造模后立即灌胃阿司匹林或氯吡格雷。造模后立即腹腔注射替罗非班。各组大鼠造模后6 h采用快速断头法安乐死。采用流式细胞术和免疫荧光染色检测血小板活化和聚乳酸。苏木精、伊红染色行肺组织组织学检查。结果:阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和替罗非班可显著降低脓毒性ARDS患者CRP、IL-1和TNF-α (P < 0.05)。结论:阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和替罗非班可减轻早期脓毒性ARDS患者的炎症反应和肺水肿,降低血小板功能,减轻低氧血症。阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和替罗非班可降低脓毒性ARDS早期血小板活化和PLA形成。阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和替罗非班最终减轻了早期脓毒性ARDS的肺损伤。
{"title":"Effects of different antiplatelet therapy drugs on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation in early septic ARDS.","authors":"Lu Wang, Liang-Yu Mi, Xiang-Yu Chen, Huai-Wu He, Yun Long","doi":"10.1186/s40360-024-00806-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-024-00806-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In patients with sepsis, platelets are activated and adhere to neutrophils, forming platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) that lead to the development of MODS. ARDS is one of the main manifestations of septic MODS. We designed this study to explore the effects of different anti-plate therapy drugs on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) formation in the early stage of septic ARDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into: Control group; ARDS group, ARDS + aspirin group, ARDS + clopidogrel group and ARDS + tirofiban group. ARDS was performed via instill lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheally at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Aspirin or clopidogrel were given by gavage immediately after modeling. Tirofiban were given by intraperitoneal injection immediately after modeling. Rats in every group were euthanized by rapid decapitation 6 h after modeling. Platelet activation and PLA were assessed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Histology of lung was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban decreased CRP, IL-1 and TNF-α significantly in septic ARDS (P < 0.05). Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban decreased platelet function and ratio of wet/dry significantly in septic ARDS (P < 0.05). Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban increased PaO<sub>2</sub> significantly in septic ARDS (P < 0.05). Platelet activation and PLA in the ARDS + aspirin group, ARDS + clopidogrel group and ARDS + tirofiban group decreased significantly compared to the ARDS group (P < 0.05). At 6 h after ARDS operation, obvious histological damage was observed in the lungs. All of these histological changes were quantitatively evaluated using injury scores. Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban reduced the histological damages in ARDS group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban alleviated the inflammatory response and pulmonary edema, reduced platelet function, and alleviated hypoxemia in early septic ARDS. Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban reduced platelet activation and PLA formation in early septic ARDS. Aspirin, clopidogrel and tirofiban ultimately alleviated lung injury in early septic ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The therapeutic role of naringenin nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma. 柚皮素纳米颗粒对肝癌的治疗作用。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00823-w
Aya G Elwan, Tarek M Mohamed, Doha M Beltagy, Doaa M El Gamal

Background: Naringenin, a flavonoid compound found in citrus fruits, possesses valuable anticancer properties. However, its potential application in cancer treatment is limited by poor bioavailability and pharmacokinetics at tumor sites. To address this, Naringenin nanoparticles (NARNPs) were prepared using the emulsion diffusion technique and their anticancer effects were investigated in HepG2 cells.

Methods: The particle size of NARNPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. NARNP is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Study the cytotoxic effects of various doses of naringenin, NARNPs and DOX on HepG2 and WI38 cell lines after 24 h and 48 h using the MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis was used to study the apoptotic cells. The study also examined the expression of apoptotic proteins (p53) and autophagy-related genes ATG5, LC3 after treatment with naringenin, NARNPs, doxorubicin, and their combinations in HepG2 cells.

Results: The particle size of NARNPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis, showing mean diameters of 54.96 ± 18.6 nm and 31.79 ± 6.8 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful conjugation between naringenin and NARNPs. NARNPs were in an amorphous state that was determined by X-ray diffraction. The IC50 values were determined as 22.32 µg/ml for naringenin, 1.6 µg/ml for NARNPs and 0.46 µg/ml for doxorubicin. Flow cytometric analysis showed that NARNPs induced late apoptosis in 56.1% of HepG2 cells and had no cytotoxic effect on WI38 cells with 97% viable cells after 48 h of incubation. NARNPs induced cell cycle arrest in the Go/G1 and G2/M phases in HepG2 cells. The results showed increased expression of ATG5, LC3, and p53 in HepG2 cells treated with IC50 concentrations after 48 h of incubation. NARNPs enhanced the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells but decreased the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin in WI38 cells.

Conclusions: The study demonstrated that NARNPs effectively inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Importantly, NARNPs showed no cytotoxic effects on normal cells, indicating their potential as a promising therapy for hepatocarcinogenesis. Combining NARNPs with chemotherapy drugs could present a novel approach for treating human cancers.

背景:柚皮素是一种在柑橘类水果中发现的类黄酮化合物,具有重要的抗癌特性。然而,其在癌症治疗中的潜在应用受到肿瘤部位较差的生物利用度和药代动力学的限制。为了解决这一问题,采用乳状扩散技术制备柚皮素纳米颗粒(NARNPs),并在HepG2细胞中研究其抗癌作用。方法:采用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对其粒径进行测定。用傅里叶变换红外光谱和x射线衍射对NARNP进行了表征。MTT法研究不同剂量柚皮素、NARNPs和DOX对HepG2和WI38细胞株24 h和48 h后的细胞毒作用。采用流式细胞术对凋亡细胞进行分析。本研究还检测了柚皮素、NARNPs、阿霉素及其联合治疗HepG2细胞后凋亡蛋白(p53)和自噬相关基因ATG5、LC3的表达。结果:通过透射电镜和扫描电镜分析确定了NARNPs的粒径,平均粒径分别为54.96±18.6 nm和31.79±6.8 nm。傅里叶变换红外光谱证实柚皮素与NARNPs成功偶联。通过x射线衍射测定,NARNPs处于无定形状态。柚皮素的IC50值为22.32µg/ml, NARNPs为1.6µg/ml,阿霉素为0.46µg/ml。流式细胞术分析显示,NARNPs可诱导56.1%的HepG2细胞发生晚期凋亡,对97%活体细胞的WI38细胞无细胞毒作用。NARNPs在HepG2细胞的Go/G1和G2/M期诱导细胞周期阻滞。结果显示,经IC50浓度处理48 h后,HepG2细胞中ATG5、LC3和p53的表达增加。NARNPs增强了阿霉素对HepG2细胞的细胞毒作用,但降低了阿霉素对WI38细胞的细胞毒作用。结论:研究表明,NARNPs能有效抑制人肝癌细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。重要的是,NARNPs对正常细胞没有细胞毒性作用,这表明它们有可能成为肝癌发生的一种有希望的治疗方法。将NARNPs与化疗药物结合可能为治疗人类癌症提供一种新的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical effectiveness and safety comparison between direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients following percutaneous left atrial appendage closure operation intervention: a prospective observational study. 非瓣膜性心房颤动患者经皮左心耳关闭手术干预后直接口服抗凝剂与华法林的临床疗效及安全性比较:一项前瞻性观察研究。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00834-7
Yao Yao, Qinchun Jin, Xiaochun Zhang, Qianzhou Lv

The main objective of this study was to investigate the optimal post-left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) anticoagulation strategy, focusing on minimizing device-related thrombosis (DRT) and thromboembolism (TE) events without increasing bleeding risk. After successful LAAC, consecutive participants were treated with 45-day anticoagulants (rivaroxaban 15 mg daily, dabigatran 110 mg twice a day, and warfarin). The efficacy endpoints included DRT, TE, and hospital readmissions due to cardiac caused, while safety endpoints encompassed bleeding events, monitored over a 12-month follow-up period. The incidence of DRT was relatively lower in the rivaroxaban group compared to both the dabigatran and warfarin groups (rivaroxaban vs. dabigatran: HR = 0.504, 95% CI 0.208-1.223, log-rank P = 0.101; rivaroxaban vs. warfarin: HR = 0.468, 95% CI 0.167-1.316, log-rank P = 0.093). The median [interquartile range] length and width of DRT in the rivaroxaban group were 1.92 [1.68-2.15] mm and 1.49 [1.28-1.76] mm, both significantly lower than those in the dabigatran (length = 2.15 [1.99-2.25] mm, P = 0.036; width = 1.60 [1.54-1.85] mm, P = 0.035) and warfarin groups (length = 2.26 [2.11-2.44] mm, P = 0.006; width = 1.74 [1.54-1.85] mm, P = 0.006). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that procedural bleeding was more common in the warfarin group. The 12-month incidence of TE was significantly lower in the rivaroxaban group compared to the dabigatran (HR = 0.466, 95% CI 0.221-0.984, log-rank P = 0.029) and warfarin groups (HR = 0.456, 95% CI 0.188-0.966, log-rank P = 0.042). Long-term antithrombotic therapy with reduced dose of rivaroxaban significantly reduced the risk of DRT and composite endpoints without increasing bleeding events, compared to warfarin and dabigatran, for patients following LAAC.

本研究的主要目的是探讨最佳的左心耳关闭(LAAC)后抗凝策略,重点是在不增加出血风险的情况下最大限度地减少器械相关血栓形成(DRT)和血栓栓塞(TE)事件。LAAC成功后,连续受试者接受45天抗凝治疗(利伐沙班15 mg /天,达比加群110 mg /天2次,华法林)。疗效终点包括DRT、TE和因心脏原因再入院,而安全性终点包括出血事件,在12个月的随访期间监测。与达比加群和华法林组相比,利伐沙班组DRT的发生率相对较低(利伐沙班vs.达比加群:HR = 0.504, 95% CI 0.208-1.223, log-rank P = 0.101;利伐沙班vs华法林:HR = 0.468, 95% CI 0.167-1.316, log-rank P = 0.093)。利伐沙班组DRT长度和宽度的中位数[四分位间距]分别为1.92 [1.68-2.15]mm和1.49 [1.28-1.76]mm,均显著低于达比加群组(长度= 2.15 [1.99-2.25]mm, P = 0.036;宽度= 1.60毫米(1.54 - -1.85),P = 0.035)和华法林组(长度= 2.26 mm (2.11 - -2.44), P = 0.006;宽度= 1.74 [1.54-1.85]mm, P = 0.006)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,华法林组的程序性出血更为常见。利伐沙班组12个月TE发生率显著低于达比加群组(HR = 0.466, 95% CI 0.221 ~ 0.984, log-rank P = 0.029)和华法林组(HR = 0.456, 95% CI 0.188 ~ 0.966, log-rank P = 0.042)。与华法林和达比加群相比,低剂量利伐沙班的长期抗血栓治疗显著降低了LAAC患者发生DRT和复合终点的风险,且不增加出血事件。
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引用次数: 0
Cerebrovascular accident and essential and toxic metals: cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 脑血管事故与必需和有毒金属:聚类分析和主成分分析。
IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00833-8
Hossein Nezami, Alireza Kooshki, Habibollah Esmaily, Mohamadjavad Sanjari, Zahra Ahmadi, Mahmood Sadeghi, Seyed Mohammad Mosavi Mirzaei

Background: Cerebrovascular accidents are known as a great cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there are known risk factors for ischemic stroke, the cases that cannot be justified with these risk factors are increasing. Toxic metals as a potential risk factor for other diseases in humans are assessed in this study in the CVA group and compared to controls.

Method: 70 participants (35 each group) have been selected for this study. The group with recent medical history of documented CVA and a control non-CVA group. The serum level of several metals has been assessed using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. principal components and cluster analyses were employed to compare toxic metal toxicity between the groups.

Results: Cu (p < 0.001) and Pb (p = 0.002) levels were significantly higher in the CVA group whereas Ni (0.003) were significantly lower. There was no significant difference between the smoking (p = 0.56) and opium (p = 0.46) use between these groups. Most of the essential metals were positively correlated with each other in both groups (Ni with Fe, Zn; Fe with Zn with r over 0.6). there was also PCA and CA are crucial in and cluster analysis in which Ni, Fe, and Zn were most similarly correlated in both groups.

Conclusion: we found a complex interaction between toxic metals in the healthy and CVA human body. Due to the lack of data on in vivo interaction of these metals even in healthy individuals, further investigation is needed to evaluate the exact mechanism of such relations.

背景:脑血管意外是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的重要原因。虽然有已知的缺血性中风的危险因素,但不能证明这些危险因素的病例正在增加。本研究在CVA组中评估了有毒金属作为人类其他疾病的潜在危险因素,并与对照组进行了比较。方法:选取70名受试者,每组35人。最近有CVA病史的一组和非CVA对照组。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法测定血清中几种金属的含量。采用主成分分析和聚类分析比较各组间的有毒金属毒性。结论:在健康人体和CVA人体中发现了一种复杂的有毒金属相互作用。由于缺乏这些金属在体内相互作用的数据,甚至在健康个体中,需要进一步的研究来评估这种关系的确切机制。
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引用次数: 0
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