Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.71
Shaimaa A. M. Ali, Abdulkareem E. S. Alkurtany, Muqdad Salih Jasim, Abdullah Abdulkareem Hassan
To obtain biological inoculum that promotes plant growth and contributes to a clean environment and sustainable agriculture, twentyone samples were collected from the root nodes of the red clover plant (Trifolium paratens) grown in gypsiferous soils at the Research Station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, samples were cultured in the medium of YEMA. Two isolates belonging to Enterobacter cloacae and Kineococcus radiotolerans were diagnosed phenotypically and molecularly. The diagnosis was confirmed by analyzing the nitrogen bases sequence of the DNA of the 16S rRNA gene. It was recorded in the National Center Biotechnology Information(NCBI) with the numbers MN310027.1 and KT216573.1 respectively, these isolates were activated and tested their efficiency as a bio-stimulant by testing their ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate compounds and produce indole acetic acid and chelating compounds, the results showed the ability of all isolates to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), chelating compounds, and solubility of phosphates, E. cloacae isolate outperformed K. radiotolerans isolates in these parameters, as it gave E. coloaca solubilization of phosphate and IAA production of 40.3 mg p L-1 and 11.2 µg ml-1 respectively, and it showed a high output of the chelating compounds compared to the treatment inoculated with K. radiotolerans, which gave 27.20 mg p L-1 and 7.21 µg ml-1, and medium production of iron chelating compounds, the results also showed the superiority of the inoculated treatments over the uninoculated treatments in the percentage of germination, the speed of germination, the length of tomato seedlings, the dry weight of the Shoot and root parts and the number of leaves, and the results showed the superiority of the inoculated treatment with E. cloacae significantly on K. radiotolerans isolate. Keywords: Enterobacter cloacae; Kineococcus radiotolerans; Molecular Diagnosis; Bacterial inoculation; Eggplant seedlings.
为了获得生物接种体，促进植物生长，为清洁环境和可持续农业做出贡献，我们从提克里特大学农学院土壤科学和水资源系研究站生长在石膏土壤中的红三叶草（Trifolium paratens）根部节上采集了二十一个样本，并在 YEMA 培养基中进行培养。从表型和分子上诊断出两株分离菌，分别属于泄殖腔肠杆菌（Enterobacter cloacae）和放射状奇异球菌（Kineococcus radiotolerans）。通过分析 16S rRNA 基因 DNA 的氮碱基序列确认了诊断结果。对这些分离物进行了活化，并通过测试它们溶解不溶性磷酸盐化合物、产生吲哚乙酸和螯合化合物的能力，测试了它们作为生物刺激剂的效率，结果显示所有分离物都有能力产生吲哚乙酸（IAA）、螯合化合物和溶解磷酸盐。cloacae 分离物在这些参数方面的表现优于 K. radiotolerans 分离物，因为它使 E. coloaca 的磷酸盐溶解度和 IAA 产量分别达到 40.3 mg p L-1 和 11.2 µg ml-1，与接种 K. radiotolerans 的处理相比，它显示出较高的螯合化合物产量，后者的产量分别为 27.20 mg p L-1 和 7.结果还表明，接种处理在发芽率、发芽速度、番茄幼苗长度、茎和根部干重以及叶片数量方面均优于未接种处理，而且结果表明，接种 E. cloacae 的处理明显优于接种 K. radiotolerans 分离物的处理。关键词丁香肠杆菌；辐射忍核菌；分子诊断；细菌接种；茄子幼苗。
{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Diagnosis of Enterobacter cloacae and Kineococcus radiotolerans from Red Clover nodules and evaluation of the prepared inoculum from them as a stimulator for plant growth","authors":"Shaimaa A. M. Ali, Abdulkareem E. S. Alkurtany, Muqdad Salih Jasim, Abdullah Abdulkareem Hassan","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.71","url":null,"abstract":"To obtain biological inoculum that promotes plant growth and contributes to a clean environment and sustainable agriculture, twentyone samples were collected from the root nodes of the red clover plant (Trifolium paratens) grown in gypsiferous soils at the Research Station of the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, samples were cultured in the medium of YEMA. Two isolates belonging to Enterobacter cloacae and Kineococcus radiotolerans were diagnosed phenotypically and molecularly. The diagnosis was confirmed by analyzing the nitrogen bases sequence of the DNA of the 16S rRNA gene. It was recorded in the National Center Biotechnology Information(NCBI) with the numbers MN310027.1 and KT216573.1 respectively, these isolates were activated and tested their efficiency as a bio-stimulant by testing their ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate compounds and produce indole acetic acid and chelating compounds, the results showed the ability of all isolates to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), chelating compounds, and solubility of phosphates, E. cloacae isolate outperformed K. radiotolerans isolates in these parameters, as it gave E. coloaca solubilization of phosphate and IAA production of 40.3 mg p L-1 and 11.2 µg ml-1 respectively, and it showed a high output of the chelating compounds compared to the treatment inoculated with K. radiotolerans, which gave 27.20 mg p L-1 and 7.21 µg ml-1, and medium production of iron chelating compounds, the results also showed the superiority of the inoculated treatments over the uninoculated treatments in the percentage of germination, the speed of germination, the length of tomato seedlings, the dry weight of the Shoot and root parts and the number of leaves, and the results showed the superiority of the inoculated treatment with E. cloacae significantly on K. radiotolerans isolate.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Enterobacter cloacae; Kineococcus radiotolerans; Molecular Diagnosis; Bacterial inoculation; Eggplant seedlings.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.32
Rusul A. Abdul Hussein, Sahar A. H. AL-Sharqi, Nada K. Mehdi, A. Joda
The Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a complex genetic congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the colon and rectum, leading to functional intestinal obstruction. A study was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022. The Toluidine blue stain and calretinin immunohistochemistry were applied to 36 cases of neonates and infants who clinically presented with symptoms suspicious of having HD, And the hematological study of cell blood counts test and compared the result of the HD group with the non-HD group and control group. The study showed an increase in mast cell numbers in the rectal biopsy tissue of HD patients compared with non-HD patients using Toluidine blue stain. The Immunohistochemistry for calretinin result displayed 27 (75%) cases as HD, while the remaining 9 (25%) cases were confirmed as non-HD and showed hypertrophied nerve fiber in HD cases. at the same time, the complete blood count result was unrelated to HD. Some worrying maternal risk factors were highlighted during pregnancy were the age of the mother at conception, maternal illness, intake of drugs, type of Childbirth, and number of previous maternal abortions; all of them show a non-significant difference between the HD group and non-HD group, also consanguineous marriage was detected and shows a significant difference between the HD group and non-HD group. Keywords: Hirschsprung, Calretinin, Toluidine blue, CBC count
赫氏病（Hirschsprung disease，HD）是一种复杂的遗传性先天性疾病，其特征是结肠和直肠的肠肌丛和粘膜下神经节细胞缺失，从而导致功能性肠梗阻。研究时间为 2022 年 7 月至 2022 年 12 月。研究人员对 36 例临床表现为疑似 HD 症状的新生儿和婴儿进行了甲苯胺蓝染色和钙网蛋白免疫组化，并进行了细胞血细胞计数检测的血液学研究，将 HD 组与非 HD 组和对照组的结果进行了比较。研究显示，与非 HD 患者相比，HD 患者直肠活检组织中的肥大细胞数量增加。钙网蛋白免疫组化结果显示 27 例（75%）为 HD 患者，其余 9 例（25%）确认为非 HD 患者，并显示 HD 患者的神经纤维肥大。妊娠期一些令人担忧的母体危险因素包括母亲受孕年龄、母亲疾病、药物摄入、分娩方式和母亲流产次数；所有这些因素在HD组和非HD组之间均无显著差异，同时还发现近亲结婚现象，并在HD组和非HD组之间显示出显著差异：Hirschsprung，钙网蛋白，甲苯胺蓝，红细胞计数
{"title":"Evaluation of Calretinin and enumeration of mast cells in rectum tissue biopsies of Hirschsprung and non-Hirschsprung disease in neonate and infant","authors":"Rusul A. Abdul Hussein, Sahar A. H. AL-Sharqi, Nada K. Mehdi, A. Joda","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.32","url":null,"abstract":"The Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a complex genetic congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the colon and rectum, leading to functional intestinal obstruction. A study was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022. The Toluidine blue stain and calretinin immunohistochemistry were applied to 36 cases of neonates and infants who clinically presented with symptoms suspicious of having HD, And the hematological study of cell blood counts test and compared the result of the HD group with the non-HD group and control group. The study showed an increase in mast cell numbers in the rectal biopsy tissue of HD patients compared with non-HD patients using Toluidine blue stain. The Immunohistochemistry for calretinin result displayed 27 (75%) cases as HD, while the remaining 9 (25%) cases were confirmed as non-HD and showed hypertrophied nerve fiber in HD cases. at the same time, the complete blood count result was unrelated to HD. Some worrying maternal risk factors were highlighted during pregnancy were the age of the mother at conception, maternal illness, intake of drugs, type of Childbirth, and number of previous maternal abortions; all of them show a non-significant difference between the HD group and non-HD group, also consanguineous marriage was detected and shows a significant difference between the HD group and non-HD group.\u0000Keywords: Hirschsprung, Calretinin, Toluidine blue, CBC count","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.73
Salah Gatea, S. Altaie, Nihad Nafel, T. ALjanabi, S. Khafaji
The existing experiment was intended to explore differences among three breeds of duck, Molar, White Pekin, and Brown Iraqi local duck, in carcass traits and some organs. Thirty ducks (n= 10 of each breed) were reared at age 2 months in an open scheme for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, before and after slaughter, the weight of all ducks had taken. The carcass, thighs, back and neck, wings, and breast were estimated by balance. Then, some slaughter organs, heart, liver, and gizzard were weighed. The statistical analysis of current data showed a significant (P≤0.05) raising in live body weight (LBW) in molar ducks compared with other breed ducks. On the other hand, the results of carcass traits recorded a significant (P<0.05) increment in wings percentage in molar ducks compared with White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local ducks. Also, the statistical examination verified a significant (P<0.05) increment in heart and gizzard percentages in molar ducks compared to other breeds. The regression equations were also verified for determining live body weight by slaughter traits in three breed ducks. Concluded that there are differences among Molar, Pekin, and Brown Iraqi local ducks in live body weight and carcass weight, as well as weights of some organs; also improved significantly in Molar ducks comparison with White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local ducks. Keywords: Ducks; slaughter; breed.
{"title":"Study the difference in a carcass and the relative weight of the Molar, White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local duck carcass parts.","authors":"Salah Gatea, S. Altaie, Nihad Nafel, T. ALjanabi, S. Khafaji","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.73","url":null,"abstract":"The existing experiment was intended to explore differences among three breeds of duck, Molar, White Pekin, and Brown Iraqi local duck, in carcass traits and some organs. Thirty ducks (n= 10 of each breed) were reared at age 2 months in an open scheme for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, before and after slaughter, the weight of all ducks had taken. The carcass, thighs, back and neck, wings, and breast were estimated by balance. Then, some slaughter organs, heart, liver, and gizzard were weighed. The statistical analysis of current data showed a significant (P≤0.05) raising in live body weight (LBW) in molar ducks compared with other breed ducks.\u0000On the other hand, the results of carcass traits recorded a significant (P<0.05) increment in wings percentage in molar ducks compared with White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local ducks. Also, the statistical examination verified a significant (P<0.05) increment in heart and gizzard percentages in molar ducks compared to other breeds. The regression equations were also verified for determining live body weight by slaughter traits in three breed ducks. Concluded that there are differences among Molar, Pekin, and Brown Iraqi local ducks in live body weight and carcass weight, as well as weights of some organs; also improved significantly in Molar ducks comparison with White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local ducks.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Ducks; slaughter; breed.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.63
Aymen Jasim Mahi, Yasir Naser Alhamiri
The results of the isolation and identification of pathogens accompanying the symptomatic seeds and seedlings of cotton showed that the most common fungus was Fusarium brachygibbosum. Molecular identification of the studied fungus was performed using the universal primers: the results of the genetic analysis revealed the identities of the fungus as follows: a 100% identity for F. brachygibbosum that was deposited at the GenBank under accession number ON738702.1. This fungus has shown high pathogenicity against cotton seeds and seedlings by severely reducing their Germination and growth and treating cotton seeds with the biological factors of Trichoderma spp. It revealed a high efficiency in reducing disease incidence and increasing cotton germination percentage. Trichoderma viride showed the highest ability to increase seed germination to 94.44%. In comparison, the lowest ability reached 77.77 % in Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma reesei—the results of extracting toxins from the filters of Trichoderma spp. The study's use of trichodermin and Gliotoxin showed the presence of trichodermin and Gliotoxin in large quantities. The percentage of toxin inhibition was significant against the growth of pathogenic fungi. The highest percentage of inhibition was 86.1% for the isolate Trichoderma koningiopsis, and the lowest percentage was 66.65% for the isolate Trichoderma reesei. As for the effect of isolates of resistant fungus on the Pathogen in the field, the highest germination rate was 100%, and the inhibition rate was 0.00% when using the biological preparation prepared from the isolates (T. viride, T. pseudokoningii, T. koningiopsis and T. reesei). Keywords: Fusarium brachygibbosum; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.
{"title":"First record of Fusarium brachygibbosum as a causal agent of seed decay and damping-off disease on cotton in Iraq and Control using some bioagents","authors":"Aymen Jasim Mahi, Yasir Naser Alhamiri","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.63","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the isolation and identification of pathogens accompanying the symptomatic seeds and seedlings of cotton showed that the most common fungus was Fusarium brachygibbosum. Molecular identification of the studied fungus was performed using the universal primers: the results of the genetic analysis revealed the identities of the fungus as follows: a 100% identity for F. brachygibbosum that was deposited at the GenBank under accession number ON738702.1. This fungus has shown high pathogenicity against cotton seeds and seedlings by severely reducing their Germination and growth and treating cotton seeds with the biological factors of Trichoderma spp. It revealed a high efficiency in reducing disease incidence and increasing cotton germination percentage. Trichoderma viride showed the highest ability to increase seed germination to 94.44%.\u0000In comparison, the lowest ability reached 77.77 % in Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma reesei—the results of extracting toxins from the filters of Trichoderma spp. The study's use of trichodermin and Gliotoxin showed the presence of trichodermin and Gliotoxin in large quantities. The percentage of toxin inhibition was significant against the growth of pathogenic fungi. The highest percentage of inhibition was 86.1% for the isolate Trichoderma koningiopsis, and the lowest percentage was 66.65% for the isolate Trichoderma reesei. As for the effect of isolates of resistant fungus on the Pathogen in the field, the highest germination rate was 100%, and the inhibition rate was 0.00% when using the biological preparation prepared from the isolates (T. viride, T. pseudokoningii, T. koningiopsis and T. reesei).\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Fusarium brachygibbosum; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.25
Nassir Abdullah Alyousif, Wijdan H. Al-tamimi, Yasin Y. Y. Al-luaibi
Rhamnolipids are the glycolipid biosurfactant produced by different Pseudomonas species; they show antimicrobial activity and antioxidant. The findings of antimicrobial activity showed the rhamnolipid biosurfactant had an antimicrobial effect against the microorganisms at different concentrations, such as toward Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while a lower inhibitory effect toward Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rhamnolipid biosurfactant was shown to have a lower inhibitory effect against fungal strains Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of rhamnolipid biosurfactant toward the investigated microorganisms were 2 mg/ml for E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Rhamnolipid biosurfactant was tested as an antioxidant agent; the results showed 22.7 %, 47.4 %, 79.8 %, 85 % and 91.4 % of antioxidant activity at concentrations 5, 10. 15, 20 and 25 mg/ml, respectively. Cytotoxicity of the rhamnolipid biosurfactant was also examined at different concentrations against human erythrocytes. Hemolysis of the erythrocytes was observed at concentrations 100, 75, 50, 40 and 35 mg/ml, whereas the results exhibited no hemolysis at concentrations 25 and 15 mg/ ml. The study concluded that rhamnolipid biosurfactant showed effective antioxidant activity, no hemolysis at lower concentrations and has a high antimicrobial effect. The rhamnolipid biosurfactant is a suitable and great alternative to be employed as an effective and safe therapeutic agent. Keywords: Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Cytotoxicity; Rhamnolipid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Rhamnolipids Biosurfactant is Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Nassir Abdullah Alyousif, Wijdan H. Al-tamimi, Yasin Y. Y. Al-luaibi","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.25","url":null,"abstract":"Rhamnolipids are the glycolipid biosurfactant produced by different Pseudomonas species; they show antimicrobial activity and antioxidant. The findings of antimicrobial activity showed the rhamnolipid biosurfactant had an antimicrobial effect against the microorganisms at different concentrations, such as toward Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while a lower inhibitory effect toward Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rhamnolipid biosurfactant was shown to have a lower inhibitory effect against fungal strains Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of rhamnolipid biosurfactant toward the investigated microorganisms were 2 mg/ml for E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Rhamnolipid biosurfactant was tested as an antioxidant agent; the results showed 22.7 %, 47.4 %, 79.8 %, 85 % and 91.4 % of antioxidant activity at concentrations 5, 10. 15, 20 and 25 mg/ml, respectively. Cytotoxicity of the rhamnolipid biosurfactant was also examined at different concentrations against human erythrocytes. Hemolysis of the erythrocytes was observed at concentrations 100, 75, 50, 40 and 35 mg/ml, whereas the results exhibited no hemolysis at concentrations 25 and 15 mg/ ml. The study concluded that rhamnolipid biosurfactant showed effective antioxidant activity, no hemolysis at lower concentrations and has a high antimicrobial effect. The rhamnolipid biosurfactant is a suitable and great alternative to be employed as an effective and safe therapeutic agent.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Cytotoxicity; Rhamnolipid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.78
Murtadha Al-Bakhati, A. AL-WAZEER
This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding different levels of sage leaf powder (SLP) to the diet of local Awassi lambs on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation. Sixteen Awassi male lambs 4-5 months of age were randomly distributed into four treatment groups: no feed additive (SLP0), 5g (SLP5), 10g (SLP10) and 15 g (SLP15) of sage leaves powder/kg of dry matter (DM) were added to the diet. Results revealed that adding SLP did not affect feed intake. However, growth performance, dry matter and organic matter digestion were recorded higher significances (P≤0.05) in lambs fed SLP5 and SLP10 than in lambs fed SLP15 and SLP0. Total volatile fatty acids concentrations were significantly increased (P≤0.05) in lambs fed SLP5 than other lambs. In conclusion, the addition of SLP at 5g/kg DM in the diet of Awassi lambs improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility with a positive effect on ruminal fermentation. Keywords: Salvia officinalis; Awassi lambs; Growth performance; Nutrient digestibility; Rumen fermentation
{"title":"Influence of adding sage leaves on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation in Awassi lambs","authors":"Murtadha Al-Bakhati, A. AL-WAZEER","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.78","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding different levels of sage leaf powder (SLP) to the diet of local Awassi lambs on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation. Sixteen Awassi male lambs 4-5 months of age were randomly distributed into four treatment groups: no feed additive (SLP0), 5g (SLP5), 10g (SLP10) and 15 g (SLP15) of sage leaves powder/kg of dry matter (DM) were added to the diet. Results revealed that adding SLP did not affect feed intake. However, growth performance, dry matter and organic matter digestion were recorded higher significances (P≤0.05) in lambs fed SLP5 and SLP10 than in lambs fed SLP15 and SLP0. Total volatile fatty acids concentrations were significantly increased (P≤0.05) in lambs fed SLP5 than other lambs. In conclusion, the addition of SLP at 5g/kg DM in the diet of Awassi lambs improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility with a positive effect on ruminal fermentation.\u0000Keywords: Salvia officinalis; Awassi lambs; Growth performance; Nutrient digestibility; Rumen fermentation","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.53
A. Aldhamin
Safe drinking water is essential for the present and future generations' health. This study aims to assess drinking water quality in Baghdad's Al-Rusafa neighborhood. Water samples were taken from 32 neighborhoods on this side. The quality of the examined potable water samples differed depending on the water source. This investigation's pH, chlorine, EC, TDS, TSS, Cd, and Pb levels were below acceptable ranges. TDS levels in Al-Mada'in are more significant than acceptable (>600ppm) water levels. Bacteria have polluted six communities (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella). Bacterial quality of drinking water and gram-negative bacteria resistant to chlorine in Baghdad's municipal water supply. Regarding pH, the water quality, EC, TDS, TSS, Pb, and Cd of Al-Rusafa neighborhoods were within the recommended limits of WHO and the Iraqi drinking water standards. Keywords: Safe drinking water; contaminated bacteria; Baghdad city; healthcare; pH; Temperature.
{"title":"Evaluation of the quality of potable water in Al-Rusafa side, Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"A. Aldhamin","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.53","url":null,"abstract":"Safe drinking water is essential for the present and future generations' health. This study aims to assess drinking water quality in Baghdad's Al-Rusafa neighborhood. Water samples were taken from 32 neighborhoods on this side. The quality of the examined potable water samples differed depending on the water source. This investigation's pH, chlorine, EC, TDS, TSS, Cd, and Pb levels were below acceptable ranges. TDS levels in Al-Mada'in are more significant than acceptable (>600ppm) water levels. Bacteria have polluted six communities (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella). Bacterial quality of drinking water and gram-negative bacteria resistant to chlorine in Baghdad's municipal water supply. Regarding pH, the water quality, EC, TDS, TSS, Pb, and Cd of Al-Rusafa neighborhoods were within the recommended limits of WHO and the Iraqi drinking water standards.\u0000Keywords: Safe drinking water; contaminated bacteria; Baghdad city; healthcare; pH; Temperature.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.49
Loai Hamzah, Farqad Al Dabbagh, Mohammed Ibrahim
This study was carried out on six months old sour orange (Citrus aurantium) seedlings in the lath house/ Agriculture College/AL-Qasim Green University in Babylon province, Iraq, from March 2020 to October 2020 with aim of investigating the impact of spraying PRO-SOL fertilizer (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5) gm.L-1 and Humic acid (HA) (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0) gm.L-1 independently or in combination on the vegetative and chemical characteristics of sour orange seedlings. In 2021, a factorial experiment with three replications was conducted on local sour orange seedlings. The findings indicated that spraying with PRO-SOL fertilizer at a concentration of (4.5 gm.L-1) and HA (3 gm.L-1) promoted the seedling growth indices(the height of the plant, diameter of stem, number of leaves, and area of leaf), chemical parameters (chlorophyll and carbohydrate percent) also the leaf mineral content of N, P, and K. Keywords: PRO-SOL; HA; Foliar spray; Citrus aurantium seedling; lathhouse; Organic fertilizer.
{"title":"Effect of foliar application with PRO-SOL and humic acid on some growth and chemical characteristics of sour orange (Citrus aurantium) seedlings.","authors":"Loai Hamzah, Farqad Al Dabbagh, Mohammed Ibrahim","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.49","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out on six months old sour orange (Citrus aurantium) seedlings in the lath house/ Agriculture College/AL-Qasim Green University in Babylon province, Iraq, from March 2020 to October 2020 with aim of investigating the impact of spraying PRO-SOL fertilizer (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5) gm.L-1 and Humic acid (HA) (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0) gm.L-1 independently or in combination on the vegetative and chemical characteristics of sour orange seedlings. In 2021, a factorial experiment with three replications was conducted on local sour orange seedlings. The findings indicated that spraying with PRO-SOL fertilizer at a concentration of (4.5 gm.L-1) and HA (3 gm.L-1) promoted the seedling growth indices(the height of the plant, diameter of stem, number of leaves, and area of leaf), chemical parameters (chlorophyll and carbohydrate percent) also the leaf mineral content of N, P, and K.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: PRO-SOL; HA; Foliar spray; Citrus aurantium seedling; lathhouse; Organic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.27
Fabián Santana-Romo, Flavia C. Zacconi
Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de la información reportada por el Banco de Datos de Proteínas RCSB (RCSB PDB) para la diana molecular del Factor Xa (FXa), una enzima clave en la cascada de la coagulación humana. Este proceso biocatálisis llamado cascada comprende trece factores, proteínas y cofactores activados consecutivamente en reacciones de tipo dominó. El modelo de cascada se propone sobre la base de dos vías de activación: la vía intrínseca iniciada por estímulos procedentes de la superficie dañada del epitelio del vaso sanguíneo y la vía extrínseca iniciada por un traumatismo del tejido del vaso sanguíneo. Estas dos vías convergen en un punto estándar Factor X (FX), cuya finalidad es convertir los monómeros de fibrinógeno en una red de fibrina insoluble, aglutinando el material sanguíneo, los hematíes y las plaquetas para formar un coágulo estable que detenga la hemorragia provocada. Palabras clave: PDB; FXa; enzima; ligando; informes; cristales; estadística.
{"title":"Cribado virtual y análisis de complejos enzima-ligando para el factor Xa (FXa) en la cascada de la coagulación humana","authors":"Fabián Santana-Romo, Flavia C. Zacconi","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.27","url":null,"abstract":"Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de la información reportada por el Banco de Datos de Proteínas RCSB (RCSB PDB) para la diana molecular del Factor Xa (FXa), una enzima clave en la cascada de la coagulación humana. Este proceso biocatálisis llamado cascada comprende trece factores, proteínas y cofactores activados consecutivamente en reacciones de tipo dominó. El modelo de cascada se propone sobre la base de dos vías de activación: la vía intrínseca iniciada por estímulos procedentes de la superficie dañada del epitelio del vaso sanguíneo y la vía extrínseca iniciada por un traumatismo del tejido del vaso sanguíneo. Estas dos vías convergen en un punto estándar Factor X (FX), cuya finalidad es convertir los monómeros de fibrinógeno en una red de fibrina insoluble, aglutinando el material sanguíneo, los hematíes y las plaquetas para formar un coágulo estable que detenga la hemorragia provocada.\u0000Palabras clave: PDB; FXa; enzima; ligando; informes; cristales; estadística.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.44
Mohammed Abdulrahman, M. Alwan, Kadum Abdullah, Mariam Chaffat
The study was conducted at the Fadak farm of the Husseiniya shrine/ Karbala governorate during the growth season 2021 to test the role of application with Moringa leaf extract and the paper bagging of the bunches in improving some qualitative characteristics of the fruits of two palm cultivars, Al-Khadrawi and Al-Buraim. The bunches were sprayed with three concentrations of moringa leaf extract (0, 100, 200 ml. L-1) three times after 7, 10, and 13 weeks of pollination and then bagging the bunches after each application process according to the schedule and plan of the experiment. The results indicated that application with moringa extract and bagging increased the proportion of total dissolved solids (T.S.S.), total sugars and reducing sugars, and decreased the total acidity neutralizing, sucrose, and tannins. Al-Khadrawi cultivar was superior in most of the studied traits. The study's findings suggest that natural plant extracts (such as Moringa leaf extract) can be utilized as organic amendments or fertilizer additives in conjunction with particular farming practices to enhance the quality of the fruits of some varieties of date palms. Keywords: T.S.S.; natural extract; Phoenix dactylifera; Arecaceae; Moringaoleifera.
{"title":"The performance of moringa leaf extract application and bagging the bunches to improve fruits quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Al-Khadrawi and Al-Buraim","authors":"Mohammed Abdulrahman, M. Alwan, Kadum Abdullah, Mariam Chaffat","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.44","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at the Fadak farm of the Husseiniya shrine/ Karbala governorate during the growth season 2021 to test the role of application with Moringa leaf extract and the paper bagging of the bunches in improving some qualitative characteristics of the fruits of two palm cultivars, Al-Khadrawi and Al-Buraim. The bunches were sprayed with three concentrations of moringa leaf extract (0, 100, 200 ml. L-1) three times after 7, 10, and 13 weeks of pollination and then bagging the bunches after each application process according to the schedule and plan of the experiment. The results indicated that application with moringa extract and bagging increased the proportion of total dissolved solids (T.S.S.), total sugars and reducing sugars, and decreased the total acidity neutralizing, sucrose, and tannins. Al-Khadrawi cultivar was superior in most of the studied traits.\u0000 \u0000The study's findings suggest that natural plant extracts (such as Moringa leaf extract) can be utilized as organic amendments or fertilizer additives in conjunction with particular farming practices to enhance the quality of the fruits of some varieties of date palms.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: T.S.S.; natural extract; Phoenix dactylifera; Arecaceae; Moringaoleifera.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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