Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.20
Haitham M. Mokhimar, H. Elsawah, Mohamed M. Kandiel, Faten E. Elsaid, A. El-Mahmoudy
Ciprofloxacin is the first-choice member of the fluoroquinolone antibacterials for treating testicular infections, but it may harm testicular tissue because of oxidative stress. Many mechanisms are involved, like decreasing antioxidant enzymes and suppressing gene expression. This study intends to investigate the possible protective role of ginseng against ciprofloxacin-induced testicular oxidative stress and its mechanism, if any. For this purpose, 50 adult male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups, ten rats in each group. Rats in group 1 received only ciprofloxacin at a daily dose of 156.46 mg/kg. Rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 received ciprofloxacin in a daily dose of 156.46 mg/kg, ginseng in two doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, and vitamin E as a standard in a daily dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group 5 served as control and received carboxymethylcellulose in normal saline. All these treatments were applied orally during 14 14-day experimental courses. Half the animals in each group were euthanized on day 15 from the start of the treatment, while the second half was euthanized on day 60. Both testes were dissected, immediately frozen, and evaluated for oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression antioxidant enzymes. We found that ciprofloxacin significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased MDA and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) compared to the control group. Also, the drug downregulated gene expression of SOD and CAT. Compared to all groups, the co-administration of ginseng or vitamin E with ciprofloxacin almost normalized antioxidant enzymes and upregulated the tested gene expressions. It could be concluded that ginseng ameliorates the testicular adverse effect of ciprofloxacin. So, it is highly recommended to be used as an adjunct remedy during ciprofloxacin administration for its antioxidant properties. Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Gene expression, Ginseng, Infertility, ROS, Testicular oxidative stress, Vitamin-E.
{"title":"Study of the protective effect of ginseng against testicular oxidative stress biomarkers and its gene expression induced by ciprofloxacin","authors":"Haitham M. Mokhimar, H. Elsawah, Mohamed M. Kandiel, Faten E. Elsaid, A. El-Mahmoudy","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.20","url":null,"abstract":"Ciprofloxacin is the first-choice member of the fluoroquinolone antibacterials for treating testicular infections, but it may harm testicular tissue because of oxidative stress. Many mechanisms are involved, like decreasing antioxidant enzymes and suppressing gene expression. This study intends to investigate the possible protective role of ginseng against ciprofloxacin-induced testicular oxidative stress and its mechanism, if any. For this purpose, 50 adult male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups, ten rats in each group. Rats in group 1 received only ciprofloxacin at a daily dose of 156.46 mg/kg. Rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 received ciprofloxacin in a daily dose of 156.46 mg/kg, ginseng in two doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, and vitamin E as a standard in a daily dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group 5 served as control and received carboxymethylcellulose in normal saline. All these treatments were applied orally during 14 14-day experimental courses. Half the animals in each group were euthanized on day 15 from the start of the treatment, while the second half was euthanized on day 60. Both testes were dissected, immediately frozen, and evaluated for oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression antioxidant enzymes. We found that ciprofloxacin significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased MDA and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) compared to the control group. Also, the drug downregulated gene expression of SOD and CAT. Compared to all groups, the co-administration of ginseng or vitamin E with ciprofloxacin almost normalized antioxidant enzymes and upregulated the tested gene expressions. It could be concluded that ginseng ameliorates the testicular adverse effect of ciprofloxacin. So, it is highly recommended to be used as an adjunct remedy during ciprofloxacin administration for its antioxidant properties.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Gene expression, Ginseng, Infertility, ROS, Testicular oxidative stress, Vitamin-E.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.85
Tariq S. Almrsomi, A. Hammod, A. Areaaer
Until recently, the central objective of poultry feed formulation was to supply common feedstuff such as corn. Today, the search for sustainable alternatives to traditional feed elements is a primary goal to reduce feed costs. This study was carried out to explore the production performance of the Rice bran in the feeding of broiler Ross 308 chicken. One hundred eighty chicks were fed with Rice bran diets treated with multi-enzyme as a partial replacement (10%) of Yellow Corn. Chicks were distributed into four treatment groups as follows: (L0) control (45% yellow corn), L1, L2 and L3 (10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn). Rice bran was treated with different amounts of multi-enzymes: 500, 750, and 1000mg of Labazymekg diet, respectively. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the marketing live body weight and total weight gain for broilers fed with 10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn. The accumulative feed consumption and conversion ratio were unaffected (no significant difference at P≤0.05) when the Rice bran was treated with 1000 mg of Labazymekg diet. This present study concludes that a diet with 10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn hurts the growth performance of broiler chicken. However, the breeding cost of broiler Ross 308 chicken was reduced when the Rice bran was treated with 1000 mg/kg multi-enzymes (L3 group). There were no effects on the mortality rate of all experimental groups. Keyword: Broiler, Labazyme, Performance, Rice bran, Ross 308.
{"title":"The Effect of Partial Replacement of Yellow Corn by Iraqi Rice Bran Treated with multi-enzymes on the Broiler Performance","authors":"Tariq S. Almrsomi, A. Hammod, A. Areaaer","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.85","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, the central objective of poultry feed formulation was to supply common feedstuff such as corn. Today, the search for sustainable alternatives to traditional feed elements is a primary goal to reduce feed costs. This study was carried out to explore the production performance of the Rice bran in the feeding of broiler Ross 308 chicken. One hundred eighty chicks were fed with Rice bran diets treated with multi-enzyme as a partial replacement (10%) of Yellow Corn. Chicks were distributed into four treatment groups as follows: (L0) control (45% yellow corn), L1, L2 and L3 (10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn). Rice bran was treated with different amounts of multi-enzymes: 500, 750, and 1000mg of Labazymekg diet, respectively. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the marketing live body weight and total weight gain for broilers fed with 10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn. The accumulative feed consumption and conversion ratio were unaffected (no significant difference at P≤0.05) when the Rice bran was treated with 1000 mg of Labazymekg diet. This present study concludes that a diet with 10% Rice bran and 35% yellow corn hurts the growth performance of broiler chicken. However, the breeding cost of broiler Ross 308 chicken was reduced when the Rice bran was treated with 1000 mg/kg multi-enzymes (L3 group). There were no effects on the mortality rate of all experimental groups.\u0000Keyword: Broiler, Labazyme, Performance, Rice bran, Ross 308.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.58
Haidar H. Al-Kallabe, A. Mohammed, A. A. Kareem
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a significant insect pest worldwide. The potential for using Linum usitatissimum flax seed oil to control insects has been reported. However, no study has been conducted on the efficacy of flax seed oil against M. persicae. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of Linum usitatissimum flax seed oil at four concentrations (1.00, 3.00, 5.00, and 10.0 ml / 100 ml water). The highest mortality of adults (100%) was caused 4 days post-treatment with all tested concentrations. Similarly, the results demonstrate that foliar application of flax seed oil against all nymphal stages caused 100% mortality rates at all concentrations after 4 days of treatment. The rate of nymph production of aphids significantly decreased and reached 0.0 nymph per adult after 4 days. The results suggest that flax seed oil has the potential as a biological control agent of M. persicae. Keywords: botanicals, essential oil, insects, biological control
{"title":"Efficacy of different concentrations of flax plant oil Linum usitatissimum in controlling green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)","authors":"Haidar H. Al-Kallabe, A. Mohammed, A. A. Kareem","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.58","url":null,"abstract":"The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a significant insect pest worldwide. The potential for using Linum usitatissimum flax seed oil to control insects has been reported. However, no study has been conducted on the efficacy of flax seed oil against M. persicae. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of Linum usitatissimum flax seed oil at four concentrations (1.00, 3.00, 5.00, and 10.0 ml / 100 ml water). The highest mortality of adults (100%) was caused 4 days post-treatment with all tested concentrations.\u0000Similarly, the results demonstrate that foliar application of flax seed oil against all nymphal stages caused 100% mortality rates at all concentrations after 4 days of treatment. The rate of nymph production of aphids significantly decreased and reached 0.0 nymph per adult after 4 days. The results suggest that flax seed oil has the potential as a biological control agent of M. persicae.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: botanicals, essential oil, insects, biological control","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.57
Mohammed M. Alderawii, Aqeel Alyousuf
A field study evaluated the efficiency and economic feasibility of using three Neonicotinoids to control Flat-headed borers infesting Jujube orchards in Basra Province during 2020 and 2021. The insecticides tested were Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam, with recommended field application rates. This study showed that Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid provided the best protection to jujube trees, reflected in the high average efficiency (88.70% and 93.40%, respectively). Acetamiprid and Thiamethoxam enhanced the production, with an average of 60.10 and 60.00 kg/tree, respectively, compared to 39.50 kg of the check trees. Thus, the study showed the highest economic return from controlling the flat-headed borers using Acetamiprid and Thiamethoxam (5714900 and 5676500 dinars/ dunum, respectively). In contrast, the economic returns of Imidacloprid were 5082900 Iraqi dinars/ dunum. These results confirmed that the high economic feasibility was related to the efficacy of the low-cost insecticides in reducing the fruit infestation rate and increasing the yield. Keywords: Buprestidae; Insecticides; flat-headed borers; Economic visibility; Neonicotinoids.
{"title":"Efficiency and economic feasibility of using Neonicotinoids against Flat-headed borer Chrysobothris affinis (Fabricius, 1794) (Buprestidae: Coleoptera) infesting Jujube orchards in Basra Province, Iraq","authors":"Mohammed M. Alderawii, Aqeel Alyousuf","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.57","url":null,"abstract":"A field study evaluated the efficiency and economic feasibility of using three Neonicotinoids to control Flat-headed borers infesting Jujube orchards in Basra Province during 2020 and 2021. The insecticides tested were Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam, with recommended field application rates. This study showed that Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid provided the best protection to jujube trees, reflected in the high average efficiency (88.70% and 93.40%, respectively). Acetamiprid and Thiamethoxam enhanced the production, with an average of 60.10 and 60.00 kg/tree, respectively, compared to 39.50 kg of the check trees. Thus, the study showed the highest economic return from controlling the flat-headed borers using Acetamiprid and Thiamethoxam (5714900 and 5676500 dinars/ dunum, respectively). In contrast, the economic returns of Imidacloprid were 5082900 Iraqi dinars/ dunum. These results confirmed that the high economic feasibility was related to the efficacy of the low-cost insecticides in reducing the fruit infestation rate and increasing the yield.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Buprestidae; Insecticides; flat-headed borers; Economic visibility; Neonicotinoids.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Los ecosistemas costeros reciben impactos negativos por actividades industriales, explotación de especies costeras, actividades turísticas y recreativas, lo que hace necesario evaluar su calidad ambiental. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la variabilidad de las actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa en suelos arenosos de playas del municipio Puerto Cabello, estado Carabobo para su uso como indicadores de calidad ambiental. Las playas estudiadas fueron El Palito (EP), Waikiki (W) y Playa Blanca (PB). Se establecieron cuatro unidades de muestreo: zona lejana (L), zona cercana (C), zona seca (S), zona húmeda (H), tomando muestras superficiales (s) y sub-superficiales (ss) en época lluviosa y seca. Se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos y las actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa. La actividad de catalasa, muestra variabilidad asociada a las zonas evaluadas, pero no se evidencian variaciones estacionales. La actividad de ureasa, refleja una variabilidad con respecto a las zonas de la playa y la fuente contaminante; mientras que la actividad proteasa no muestra variación estacional, pero si respecto a las zonas de la playa y la fuente contaminante. Se evidenció una correlación negativa significativa entre la actividad catalasa y el contenido de arena, retención de humedad, materia orgánica y una correlación positiva entre la actividad de la ureasa y el contenido de materia orgánica. Finalmente, se concluye que las actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa son sensibles ante impactos antropogénicos, por lo que pueden ser usadas como indicadores de calidad en los suelos arenosos evaluados. Palabras clave: Catalasa; indicadores de calidad de suelo; proteasa; suelos arenosos; ureasa.
沿海生态系统受到工业活动、沿海物种开发、旅游和娱乐活动的负面影响，因此有必要对其环境质量进行评估。这项工作的目的是研究卡拉沃沃州卡韦略港市内海滩沙土中过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性的变化，以作为环境质量的指标。研究的海滩为 El Palito (EP)、Waikiki (W) 和 Playa Blanca (PB)。在雨季和旱季期间，分别建立了四个采样单元：远区（L）、近区（C）、干区（S）、湿区（H），采集地表（s）和地下（ss）样本。测定了理化参数以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶的酶活性。过氧化氢酶活性随评估区域而变化，但没有明显的季节性变化。尿素酶活性随海滩地区和污染源而变化，蛋白酶活性则没有季节性变化，但随海滩地区和污染源而变化。研究发现，过氧化氢酶活性与含沙量、保湿度和有机物之间存在明显的负相关，而脲酶活性与有机物含量之间存在正相关。最后得出结论：过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶的活性对人为影响很敏感，因此它们可用作所评价的沙质土壤的质量指标。关键词：过氧化氢酶；土壤质量指标；蛋白酶；沙质土壤；脲酶。
{"title":"Variabilidad de actividades enzimáticas en suelos arenosos de playas del Municipio Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela","authors":"Joselyn Albujar, Arnaldo Armado, Jorge Briceño, D. Avalos, Sonia Salazar, Marcelo Rojas","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.7","url":null,"abstract":"Los ecosistemas costeros reciben impactos negativos por actividades industriales, explotación de especies costeras, actividades turísticas y recreativas, lo que hace necesario evaluar su calidad ambiental. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la variabilidad de las actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa en suelos arenosos de playas del municipio Puerto Cabello, estado Carabobo para su uso como indicadores de calidad ambiental. Las playas estudiadas fueron El Palito (EP), Waikiki (W) y Playa Blanca (PB). Se establecieron cuatro unidades de muestreo: zona lejana (L), zona cercana (C), zona seca (S), zona húmeda (H), tomando muestras superficiales (s) y sub-superficiales (ss) en época lluviosa y seca. Se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos y las actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa. La actividad de catalasa, muestra variabilidad asociada a las zonas evaluadas, pero no se evidencian variaciones estacionales. La actividad de ureasa, refleja una variabilidad con respecto a las zonas de la playa y la fuente contaminante; mientras que la actividad proteasa no muestra variación estacional, pero si respecto a las zonas de la playa y la fuente contaminante. Se evidenció una correlación negativa significativa entre la actividad catalasa y el contenido de arena, retención de humedad, materia orgánica y una correlación positiva entre la actividad de la ureasa y el contenido de materia orgánica. Finalmente, se concluye que las actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa son sensibles ante impactos antropogénicos, por lo que pueden ser usadas como indicadores de calidad en los suelos arenosos evaluados.\u0000 \u0000Palabras clave: Catalasa; indicadores de calidad de suelo; proteasa; suelos arenosos; ureasa.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dentro de las sustancias valoradas como contaminantes se encuentran los metales pesados, considerados elementos potencialmente tóxicos. Estas sustancias son motivo de preocupación, ya que son persistentes en los suelos y alteran diversos procesos ecosistémicos que incluyen las interacciones multitróficas. En tal sentido, en esta investigación se plantearon como objetivos evaluar el contenido de metales disponibles y analizar su relación con los parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos de suelos arenosos de playas del municipio Puerto Cabello, estado Carabobo. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos determinados fueron: textura, pH, conductividad, retención de humedad, materia orgánica, carbono orgánico total y capacidad de intercambio catiónico Los parámetros biológicos fueron: actividad microbiológica, carbono de biomasa microbiana, actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa. La extracción de los metales se realizó utilizando una mezcla de EDTA, CaCl2.2H2O y Trietanolamina y la determinación se llevó a cabo por Espectrofotometría de absorción atómica a la llama. Los metales evaluados fueron: Cu, Cr, Ni y Pb. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se tiene que sólo se detectó en su forma disponible el plomo y éste se correlacionó de forma positiva con el pH y de manera negativa con la respiración edáfica. Finalmente, se concluye que las concentraciones de Plomo disponible en los suelos arenosos evaluados, no superan los límites máximos permitidos en diversas normativas ambientales en el mundo; sin embargo, superan el valor establecido en el Decreto N° 2635 de Venezuela para lixiviados (5 mg/l) permitiendo inferir que estos suelos están impactados por este metal. Palabras clave: Suelo arenoso, metales biodisponibles, contaminación.
{"title":"Evaluación del contenido de metales biodisponibles en suelos arenosos de playas del Municipio Puerto Cabello, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela","authors":"Joselyn Albujar, Arnaldo Armado, Jorge Briceño, D. Avalos, Sonia Salazar, Marcelo Rojas","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.16","url":null,"abstract":"Dentro de las sustancias valoradas como contaminantes se encuentran los metales pesados, considerados elementos potencialmente tóxicos. Estas sustancias son motivo de preocupación, ya que son persistentes en los suelos y alteran diversos procesos ecosistémicos que incluyen las interacciones multitróficas. En tal sentido, en esta investigación se plantearon como objetivos evaluar el contenido de metales disponibles y analizar su relación con los parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos de suelos arenosos de playas del municipio Puerto Cabello, estado Carabobo. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos determinados fueron: textura, pH, conductividad, retención de humedad, materia orgánica, carbono orgánico total y capacidad de intercambio catiónico Los parámetros biológicos fueron: actividad microbiológica, carbono de biomasa microbiana, actividades enzimáticas de catalasa, ureasa y proteasa. La extracción de los metales se realizó utilizando una mezcla de EDTA, CaCl2.2H2O y Trietanolamina y la determinación se llevó a cabo por Espectrofotometría de absorción atómica a la llama. Los metales evaluados fueron: Cu, Cr, Ni y Pb. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se tiene que sólo se detectó en su forma disponible el plomo y éste se correlacionó de forma positiva con el pH y de manera negativa con la respiración edáfica. Finalmente, se concluye que las concentraciones de Plomo disponible en los suelos arenosos evaluados, no superan los límites máximos permitidos en diversas normativas ambientales en el mundo; sin embargo, superan el valor establecido en el Decreto N° 2635 de Venezuela para lixiviados (5 mg/l) permitiendo inferir que estos suelos están impactados por este metal.\u0000Palabras clave: Suelo arenoso, metales biodisponibles, contaminación.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.60
Dena Zuheer, Hameed Ali
Viral diseases are among the most critical determinants of potato production in many parts of the world, and this is reflected in the importance of developing early diagnosis methods to detect these diseases in the fields. The study showed that potato fields in Nineveh Province are infected with several strains of Potato Y virus, depending on the symptoms of potato or indicator plants and serological tests. For the first time locally in Nineveh Province and at the level of Iraq, using a single molecular test and one step, it was possible to distinguish between the ancient parental strains (PVYº and PVYN), as well as between the PVYNTNT hybrid strain resulting from recombination between the genome of the parental strains when using the pairs of primers N-868-7-F + N -9236-R, which yielded a genome segment of DNA with a length of 441 bp. The emergence of such a new strain in the tested samples in the potato fields in Nineveh province infected with PVY may have arisen from mixed infections. Keywords: PVY strains; PVYN; RT-PCR; Solanum tuberosum L.
在世界许多地区，病毒病是决定马铃薯产量的最关键因素之一，这反映了开发早期诊断方法以检测田间这些病害的重要性。研究表明，根据马铃薯或指示植物的症状和血清学测试，尼尼微省的马铃薯田感染了多种马铃薯Y病毒株。在尼尼微省当地和伊拉克一级，首次使用单一分子检测和一个步骤，就能区分古老的亲本株（PVYº 和 PVYN），以及亲本株基因组重组产生的 PVYNTNT 杂交株，使用的引物为 N-868-7-F + N -9236-R 对，产生的 DNA 基因组片段长度为 441 bp。在尼尼微省受 PVY 感染的马铃薯田间检测样本中出现这种新菌株可能是混合感染所致。关键词PVY 株系 PVYN RT-PCR Solanum tuberosum L.
{"title":"Biological, serological and molecular characterization of Potato virus Y strains isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)","authors":"Dena Zuheer, Hameed Ali","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.60","url":null,"abstract":"Viral diseases are among the most critical determinants of potato production in many parts of the world, and this is reflected in the importance of developing early diagnosis methods to detect these diseases in the fields. The study showed that potato fields in Nineveh Province are infected with several strains of Potato Y virus, depending on the symptoms of potato or indicator plants and serological tests. For the first time locally in Nineveh Province and at the level of Iraq, using a single molecular test and one step, it was possible to distinguish between the ancient parental strains (PVYº and PVYN), as well as between the PVYNTNT hybrid strain resulting from recombination between the genome of the parental strains when using the pairs of primers N-868-7-F + N -9236-R, which yielded a genome segment of DNA with a length of 441 bp. The emergence of such a new strain in the tested samples in the potato fields in Nineveh province infected with PVY may have arisen from mixed infections.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: PVY strains; PVYN; RT-PCR; Solanum tuberosum L.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.23
F. Sarubbi, G. Auriemma, Raffaele Pappalardo, Giuseppe Grazioli
Total Digestible Nutrient Value of forage and concentrate and nutritional characteristics and develop a prediction equation using the chemical composition variables as predictors. Nutrient chemical characteristics data were obtained from 278 forage and 87 feedstuffs. The data included dry and organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, fiber composition, and non-fiber Carbohydrate. Stepwise regression was used to eliminate variables that did not influence variation in the model and used 0.05 as the critical probability level. Data were then randomly divided into two parts; two-thirds of the data was used to estimate the Total Digestible Nutrient, whereas the remaining part was used to validate the estimated Total Digestible Nutrient and was analyzed by multiple linear regressions. Total Digestible Nutrient in forage was negatively correlated with Ether Extract, Acid Detergent Lignin, and Non-fibre Carbohydrate (P<0.01) but positively correlated with Crude Protein (P<0.01), ash, Neutral Detergent Fibre, and Acid Detergent Fiber. Total Digestible Nutrient in feedstuffs was negatively correlated with NFC (P<0.01) but positively correlated with Neutral Detergent Fibre (P<0.01), Acid Detergent Lignin (P<0.01), Ether Extract (P<0.01), Crude Protein (P<0.01), ash, and Acid Detergent Fiber (P<0.01). The results show that the Total Digestible Nutrient content can be accurately estimated starting from the chemical composition. Keywords: total digestible nutrient; forage; concentrate; feed analysis.
{"title":"Prediction Total Digestible Nutrient value of forage and feedstuffs from their chemical characteristics","authors":"F. Sarubbi, G. Auriemma, Raffaele Pappalardo, Giuseppe Grazioli","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.23","url":null,"abstract":"Total Digestible Nutrient Value of forage and concentrate and nutritional characteristics and develop a prediction equation using the chemical composition variables as predictors. Nutrient chemical characteristics data were obtained from 278 forage and 87 feedstuffs. The data included dry and organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, fiber composition, and non-fiber Carbohydrate. Stepwise regression was used to eliminate variables that did not influence variation in the model and used 0.05 as the critical probability level.\u0000 \u0000Data were then randomly divided into two parts; two-thirds of the data was used to estimate the Total Digestible Nutrient, whereas the remaining part was used to validate the estimated Total Digestible Nutrient and was analyzed by multiple linear regressions. Total Digestible Nutrient in forage was negatively correlated with Ether Extract, Acid Detergent Lignin, and Non-fibre Carbohydrate (P<0.01) but positively correlated with Crude Protein (P<0.01), ash, Neutral Detergent Fibre, and Acid Detergent Fiber. Total Digestible Nutrient in feedstuffs was negatively correlated with NFC (P<0.01) but positively correlated with Neutral Detergent Fibre (P<0.01), Acid Detergent Lignin (P<0.01), Ether Extract (P<0.01), Crude Protein (P<0.01), ash, and Acid Detergent Fiber (P<0.01). The results show that the Total Digestible Nutrient content can be accurately estimated starting from the chemical composition.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: total digestible nutrient; forage; concentrate; feed analysis.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.54
Muntadher Al-Mousawi, H. Al-Tamimi
This research was conducted to determine the impact of spraying the increased regulator melatonin on the tolerance of some citrus roots to salt stress. The results showed that the Sour Orange root was significantly superior to the rest of the citrus rootstocks and recorded the highest increase in the rate (Height, diameter, quantity, and area of leaves for the plant), while the root Volkamer lemon was significantly the best by recording the highest rate of arid mass of the root system and plant life. Furthermore, irrigation with electrical connection water (1.7 sec.m-1) led to obtaining the highest values for vegetative plant girth growth characteristics (plant girth, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative and root system and root length). Moreover, treatment with the growth regulator melatonin at a concentration of (100 mg.L-1) showed the most significant percentage in the trait (plant height, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, size of the leaves, and dry weight of the vegetative both root system and root length). As well as the binary and triple interactions between these study factors led to a clear significant superiority in the studied traits compared to the comparison treatment, as the triple interaction treatment (Sour Orange root + melatonin at 100 mg. l-1 as the concentration+ salinity of irrigation water at a concentration of 1.7 decimens.m-1) was the most significant treatment by giving the highest increase in the rate of vegetative characteristics. Finally, the treatment (rootstocks Volkamer lemon + melatonin at 100 mg.l-1 as the concentration + salinity of irrigation water at a concentration of 1.7 dm. m-1) recorded the highest rate of length and weight of the root when it is a dry system. Keywords: melatonin; rootstocks; salinity
{"title":"Evaluation of the growth efficiency of some citrus rootstocks for spraying melatonin growth regulator under salt stress conditions","authors":"Muntadher Al-Mousawi, H. Al-Tamimi","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.54","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to determine the impact of spraying the increased regulator melatonin on the tolerance of some citrus roots to salt stress. The results showed that the Sour Orange root was significantly superior to the rest of the citrus rootstocks and recorded the highest increase in the rate (Height, diameter, quantity, and area of leaves for the plant), while the root Volkamer lemon was significantly the best by recording the highest rate of arid mass of the root system and plant life. Furthermore, irrigation with electrical connection water (1.7 sec.m-1) led to obtaining the highest values for vegetative plant girth growth characteristics (plant girth, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative and root system and root length). Moreover, treatment with the growth regulator melatonin at a concentration of (100 mg.L-1) showed the most significant percentage in the trait (plant height, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, size of the leaves, and dry weight of the vegetative both root system and root length). As well as the binary and triple interactions between these study factors led to a clear significant superiority in the studied traits compared to the comparison treatment, as the triple interaction treatment (Sour Orange root + melatonin at 100 mg. l-1 as the concentration+ salinity of irrigation water at a concentration of 1.7 decimens.m-1) was the most significant treatment by giving the highest increase in the rate of vegetative characteristics. Finally, the treatment (rootstocks Volkamer lemon + melatonin at 100 mg.l-1 as the concentration + salinity of irrigation water at a concentration of 1.7 dm. m-1) recorded the highest rate of length and weight of the root when it is a dry system.\u0000Keywords: melatonin; rootstocks; salinity","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.5
Roxana García-Culqui, Lady Guevara-Narváez, Franz Verdezoto-Mendoza, Juan Gaibor-Chávez
El objetivo fue determinar la cinética de secado del maíz (Zea mays L), variedad Guagal mejorado. Se realizaron con tres muestras de materia prima a temperaturas no controladas entre 60 °C – 80 °C durante 12 horas, seguido por el proceso de cinética de secado en una estufa a 104°C durante 24 horas. Las muestras iniciaron con pesos de 8.09 g; 10.02 g; 11.16 g respectivamente con una humedad inicial de 22.13 % y se obtuvo una humedad final de 0,53 %; 0,7 %; 0,61 %. Las variables medidas incluyeron la humedad en base seca, total y en equilibrio, el flujo de calor, la cantidad y la eficiencia de calor, y la velocidad de secado. Se determinó que la velocidad de secado a mayores temperaturas favorece a la transferencia de masa y energía. Se estableció que el modelo de Henderson y Pabis fue el que mejor se adaptó a los datos experimentales obtenidos en el proceso de cinética de secado a 104°C por 24 horas R2 = 99,798%; mientras que el modelo de Page fue el que mejor se adaptó a los datos obtenidos durante la deshidratación a 60-80°C durante 12 horas R2 = 99,881 %. Esto sugiere que se pueden obtener mejores resultados de secado y deshidratación con la variedad de maíz INIAP 111 Guagal mejorado si se considera el establecimiento de la temperatura adecuada y el tiempo de procesamiento. Palabras clave: Cinética, secado, maíz, modelo matemático, harina de maíz.
{"title":"Estudio de la cinética de secado del maíz suave (Zea mays L) variedad Guagal (INIAP 111)","authors":"Roxana García-Culqui, Lady Guevara-Narváez, Franz Verdezoto-Mendoza, Juan Gaibor-Chávez","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.5","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo fue determinar la cinética de secado del maíz (Zea mays L), variedad Guagal mejorado. Se realizaron con tres muestras de materia prima a temperaturas no controladas entre 60 °C – 80 °C durante 12 horas, seguido por el proceso de cinética de secado en una estufa a 104°C durante 24 horas. Las muestras iniciaron con pesos de 8.09 g; 10.02 g; 11.16 g respectivamente con una humedad inicial de 22.13 % y se obtuvo una humedad final de 0,53 %; 0,7 %; 0,61 %. Las variables medidas incluyeron la humedad en base seca, total y en equilibrio, el flujo de calor, la cantidad y la eficiencia de calor, y la velocidad de secado. Se determinó que la velocidad de secado a mayores temperaturas favorece a la transferencia de masa y energía. Se estableció que el modelo de Henderson y Pabis fue el que mejor se adaptó a los datos experimentales obtenidos en el proceso de cinética de secado a 104°C por 24 horas R2 = 99,798%; mientras que el modelo de Page fue el que mejor se adaptó a los datos obtenidos durante la deshidratación a 60-80°C durante 12 horas R2 = 99,881 %. Esto sugiere que se pueden obtener mejores resultados de secado y deshidratación con la variedad de maíz INIAP 111 Guagal mejorado si se considera el establecimiento de la temperatura adecuada y el tiempo de procesamiento.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Palabras clave: Cinética, secado, maíz, modelo matemático, harina de maíz.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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