El objetivo de esta investigación fue implementar un sistema de gestión para una línea de bombones basado en la normativa ISO 9001:2015 en la "PLANTA DE ELABORADOS DE CACAO" perteneciente a la Asociación de Grupo de Productoras de San Gerardo en Echeandía, El estudio involucró analizar el diagnóstico del estado actual de la asociación mediante el uso de técnicas de análisis como PEST; También se aplicó el análisis FODA, identificando indicadores positivos como oportunidades y fortalezas, así como indicadores negativos como debilidades y amenazas. Los puntos críticos de control se identificaron mediante el Diagrama de Pareto donde se obtuvo que la insuficiente línea de frio es la principal causa de los problemas en el producto, seguido por el temperador pequeño, en la producción de bombones al 60% de cacao se identificó que estas causas se ubican en la etapa de producción y distribución del producto, a su vez usando el árbol de decisiones se obtuvo que los puntos críticos de control que deben ser monitoreados y tratados son en las estepas de almacenado y distribución dado a que después de cada una de estas etapas no existe ningún otro proceso que permita el arreglo del producto final. En conclusión, el análisis revela la existencia de factores que deben ser atendidos. Los problemas significativos identificados están relacionados específicamente con el marketing y la conservación de la cadena de frío, así como los riesgos biológicos dentro de los procesos de almacenamiento y distribución, los cuales pueden mitigarse mediante la corrección de errores. Palabras clave: Gestión de calidad; norma ISO 9001:2015; Chocolate artesanal; planta de elaborados de cacao.
这项研究的目的是在埃切安迪亚圣赫拉尔多生产商集团协会下属的 "可可生产计划 "中实施基于 ISO 9001:2015 的巧克力生产线管理系统。研究涉及通过使用 PEST 等分析技术对协会的现状进行分析诊断；还应用了 SWOT 分析，确定了机会和优势等积极指标以及弱点和威胁等消极指标。使用帕累托图表确定了关键控制点，发现冷藏线不足是产品出现问题的主要原因，其次是温度过低，在生产 60% 可可巧克力的过程中，发现这些原因位于产品的生产和分销阶段、反过来，利用决策树可以发现，应该监控和处理的关键控制点在储存和分销阶段，因为在这两个阶段之后就没有其他工序可以安排最终产品了。总之，分析表明存在一些需要解决的因素。发现的重大问题具体涉及营销和冷链保存，以及储存和分销过程中的生物危害，这些问题可以通过纠正错误来缓解。关键词： 质量管理；ISO 9001:2015；手工巧克力；可可加工厂。
{"title":"Implementacion de un sistema ISO 9001:2015 para la producción de chocolates artesanales en Asociación “Planta de elaborados de cacao”, Echeandía.","authors":"Angélica Tigre León, María Belén Bravo, Arturo Rojas Sánchez, Lourdes Pazmiño Mantilla, Favian Bayas Morejón","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de esta investigación fue implementar un sistema de gestión para una línea de bombones basado en la normativa ISO 9001:2015 en la \"PLANTA DE ELABORADOS DE CACAO\" perteneciente a la Asociación de Grupo de Productoras de San Gerardo en Echeandía, El estudio involucró analizar el diagnóstico del estado actual de la asociación mediante el uso de técnicas de análisis como PEST; También se aplicó el análisis FODA, identificando indicadores positivos como oportunidades y fortalezas, así como indicadores negativos como debilidades y amenazas. Los puntos críticos de control se identificaron mediante el Diagrama de Pareto donde se obtuvo que la insuficiente línea de frio es la principal causa de los problemas en el producto, seguido por el temperador pequeño, en la producción de bombones al 60% de cacao se identificó que estas causas se ubican en la etapa de producción y distribución del producto, a su vez usando el árbol de decisiones se obtuvo que los puntos críticos de control que deben ser monitoreados y tratados son en las estepas de almacenado y distribución dado a que después de cada una de estas etapas no existe ningún otro proceso que permita el arreglo del producto final. En conclusión, el análisis revela la existencia de factores que deben ser atendidos. Los problemas significativos identificados están relacionados específicamente con el marketing y la conservación de la cadena de frío, así como los riesgos biológicos dentro de los procesos de almacenamiento y distribución, los cuales pueden mitigarse mediante la corrección de errores.\u0000 \u0000Palabras clave: Gestión de calidad; norma ISO 9001:2015; Chocolate artesanal; planta de elaborados de cacao.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"165 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.76
A. Jebur, Raghda A El-Sayed, F. El-Demerdash
Fenvalerate (FEN) is one of the widely utilized synthetic pyrethroids that may negatively impact male fertility in animals and people, while the potential mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to assess lycopene’s potential therapeutic value in protecting male rats from testicular damage and oxidative stress caused by FEN. In our investigation, 28 male rats were randomized into four groups at random: lycopene (10 mg/kg BW), FEN (20 mg/kg BW), and lycopene plus FEN. The rats got their doses orally by gavage each day for four weeks. Animals that had consumed FEN showed high levels of hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, phosphatases, and aminotransferases. However, there was a considerable drop in antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione, and protein content. Significant changes in testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, and sperm quality were also found. In addition, the expression of caspases 3 and 8 in rat testes was significantly upregulated. Biochemical, molecular, spermatological, and histological alterations have all been brought back to normal by lycopene. These findings imply that lycopene may have antioxidant and preventive properties against testicular damage brought on by FEN. Keywords: Fenvalerate; Lycopene; Apoptosis; Semen quality; Oxidative stress.
{"title":"Lycopene modulates testicular injury oxidative stress and caspases upregulation induced by fenvalerate in male rats","authors":"A. Jebur, Raghda A El-Sayed, F. El-Demerdash","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.76","url":null,"abstract":"Fenvalerate (FEN) is one of the widely utilized synthetic pyrethroids that may negatively impact male fertility in animals and people, while the potential mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to assess lycopene’s potential therapeutic value in protecting male rats from testicular damage and oxidative stress caused by FEN. In our investigation, 28 male rats were randomized into four groups at random: lycopene (10 mg/kg BW), FEN (20 mg/kg BW), and lycopene plus FEN. The rats got their doses orally by gavage each day for four weeks. Animals that had consumed FEN showed high levels of hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, phosphatases, and aminotransferases. However, there was a considerable drop in antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione, and protein content. Significant changes in testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, and sperm quality were also found. In addition, the expression of caspases 3 and 8 in rat testes was significantly upregulated. Biochemical, molecular, spermatological, and histological alterations have all been brought back to normal by lycopene. These findings imply that lycopene may have antioxidant and preventive properties against testicular damage brought on by FEN.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Fenvalerate; Lycopene; Apoptosis; Semen quality; Oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.84
Basima Q. Hasan ALSaadi, Mayada Hussain Ali
Asthma is an increasingly common disease characterized by allergic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, mucus overproduction, and peribronchial fibrosis. The epithelial cytokines IL25 have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis because they promote Th2-type cytokine synthesis. The current study aimed to assess IL-25 expression and measure the serum level of this cytokine in asthmatic Iraqi patients. The study was conducted on sixty (60) asthmatic patients (32 female and28 male) and thirty as apparently healthy subjects (control) (16 female and 14 male) with ages ranging from 15-60 years recruited Alzahra’a Center for Asthma and Allergy in Baghdad during the period between November /2021 to March /2022. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and a healthy control group. Moreover, the study design was approved by the Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Postgraduate Studies/ University of Baghdad. All patients were diagnosed according to clinical examination by a chest physician and selected according to the global initiative of asthma criteria. The healthy control group are non-smoking subjects with no history of obstructive lung disease or atopy. The RNA was extracted from the whole blood of asthma patients and healthy control without Trizol subjects using the protocol in Easy Pure t® blood RNA Kit (ER-401). The acceptable purity of asthmatic patients and control healthy group RNA ranges between 1.84 and 1.99. IL-25 gene expression showed the Ct of asthma patient group (25.179) and control group (27.393), and the2-ΔΔCt of asthma patient group (288.81) and control group (58.48) and the fold of gene expression was statistically significantly (P≤0.01) the calculation of the gene expression it was significant in the patient group than control group4.938 times with ratio (4.938:1) . ELISA estimated IL-25concentration, the results were statistically significant (P≤0.001), the level of IL-25 in asthma patient group (29.30± 5.107317pg/ml) while the level of IL-23 in Control group (15.16±0.085248pg/ml). Keywords: IL-25, gene expression, Elisa, Asthma
{"title":"Association of serum level and gene expression of IL-25 in a sample of Iraqi asthmatic patients","authors":"Basima Q. Hasan ALSaadi, Mayada Hussain Ali","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.84","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is an increasingly common disease characterized by allergic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, mucus overproduction, and peribronchial fibrosis. The epithelial cytokines IL25 have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis because they promote Th2-type cytokine synthesis. The current study aimed to assess IL-25 expression and measure the serum level of this cytokine in asthmatic Iraqi patients. The study was conducted on sixty (60) asthmatic patients (32 female and28 male) and thirty as apparently healthy subjects (control) (16 female and 14 male) with ages ranging from 15-60 years recruited Alzahra’a Center for Asthma and Allergy in Baghdad during the period between November /2021 to March /2022. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and a healthy control group.\u0000Moreover, the study design was approved by the Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Postgraduate Studies/ University of Baghdad. All patients were diagnosed according to clinical examination by a chest physician and selected according to the global initiative of asthma criteria. The healthy control group are non-smoking subjects with no history of obstructive lung disease or atopy. The RNA was extracted from the whole blood of asthma patients and healthy control without Trizol subjects using the protocol in Easy Pure t® blood RNA Kit (ER-401). The acceptable purity of asthmatic patients and control healthy group RNA ranges between 1.84 and 1.99. IL-25 gene expression showed the Ct of asthma patient group (25.179) and control group (27.393), and the2-ΔΔCt of asthma patient group (288.81) and control group (58.48) and the fold of gene expression was statistically significantly (P≤0.01) the calculation of the gene expression it was significant in the patient group than control group4.938 times with ratio (4.938:1) . ELISA estimated IL-25concentration, the results were statistically significant (P≤0.001), the level of IL-25 in asthma patient group (29.30± 5.107317pg/ml) while the level of IL-23 in Control group (15.16±0.085248pg/ml).\u0000Keywords: IL-25, gene expression, Elisa, Asthma","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"92 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.74
Rabeea Mahmood, Anwer Mhannawee, Esraa Mohsen
Two experiments have been conducted in this research to determine the effects of hydrostatic pressure on Iraqi rams and calves’ meats. (One experiment for each kind of meat), Four treatments were designed for each experiment: control with no hydrostatic pressure, T1 with 100 bar exposed pressure, T2 with 200 bar and T3 with 300 bar. The pressures were generated and handled via a device designed and manufactured for this goal. The studied properties were water holding capacity WHC, thaw loss, fragmentation index FI, myofibril fragmentation index MFI, protein solubility and shear force. All these properties are strongly related to meat tenderness. All studied properties were affected significantly by applying hydrostatic pressure on meat samples to rams and calves’ meat samples. Therefore, exposing the meat to hydrostatic pressure enhances its tenderness-related properties. Keywords: hydrostatic pressure; tenderness; Protein solubility.
{"title":"Effect of hydrostatic pressure on some quality properties in Iraqi rams and calves’ meats","authors":"Rabeea Mahmood, Anwer Mhannawee, Esraa Mohsen","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.74","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments have been conducted in this research to determine the effects of hydrostatic pressure on Iraqi rams and calves’ meats. (One experiment for each kind of meat), Four treatments were designed for each experiment: control with no hydrostatic pressure, T1 with 100 bar exposed pressure, T2 with 200 bar and T3 with 300 bar. The pressures were generated and handled via a device designed and manufactured for this goal. The studied properties were water holding capacity WHC, thaw loss, fragmentation index FI, myofibril fragmentation index MFI, protein solubility and shear force. All these properties are strongly related to meat tenderness. All studied properties were affected significantly by applying hydrostatic pressure on meat samples to rams and calves’ meat samples. Therefore, exposing the meat to hydrostatic pressure enhances its tenderness-related properties.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: hydrostatic pressure; tenderness; Protein solubility.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"213 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.1
Hernán Arturo Rojas Sánchez, Silvia Rosa Pacheco Mendoza, Carlos Napoleón Ribadeneira Zapata, Isidro Favián Bayas Morejón, Jorge Alexander Briceño Carrasquel, José Luis Gaibor Becerra, Michael Xavier Hachi Pazmiño, Jhoselyn Deyalit Guarnizo Ordóñez, Gustavo Javier Vega Romero
Los tiempos postpandémicos han demostrado que la investigación científica es el método que permite generar soluciones eficaces a problemas urgentes y complejos. La ciencia tiene el poder de mostrar el camino hacia un futuro sostenible, saludable y equitativo. En este sentido, es importante la organización de eventos de difusión científica, puesto que son escenarios destinados al intercambio de ideas, presentación de avances y colaboración entre expertos de renombre de las diferentes disciplinas del conocimiento1. La Universidad Estatal de Bolívar (UEB) desempeña un papel importante como ente generador de espacios de articulación entre las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación y vinculación. Todo ello, enfocado en presentar alternativas para la resolución de los problemas que aquejan a la sociedad en el marco de la pertinencia y los fines institucionales. El Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovación y Emprendimiento organizado por la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, ha forjado su propia historia desde su primera edición, que fue ideado, organizado y llevado a cabo los días 10 y 11 de julio de 2013. Este acontecimiento se ha convertido en un hito dentro de la historia institucional y ha ido evolucionando conforme a la realidad dinámica del entorno social, académico y científico.
{"title":"La Innovación Tecnológica y su Impacto en la Educación Superior Technological Innovation and its Impact on Higher Education","authors":"Hernán Arturo Rojas Sánchez, Silvia Rosa Pacheco Mendoza, Carlos Napoleón Ribadeneira Zapata, Isidro Favián Bayas Morejón, Jorge Alexander Briceño Carrasquel, José Luis Gaibor Becerra, Michael Xavier Hachi Pazmiño, Jhoselyn Deyalit Guarnizo Ordóñez, Gustavo Javier Vega Romero","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"Los tiempos postpandémicos han demostrado que la investigación científica es el método que permite generar soluciones eficaces a problemas urgentes y complejos. La ciencia tiene el poder de mostrar el camino hacia un futuro sostenible, saludable y equitativo.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000En este sentido, es importante la organización de eventos de difusión científica, puesto que son escenarios destinados al intercambio de ideas, presentación de avances y colaboración entre expertos de renombre de las diferentes disciplinas del conocimiento1.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000La Universidad Estatal de Bolívar (UEB) desempeña un papel importante como ente generador de espacios de articulación entre las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación y vinculación. Todo ello, enfocado en presentar alternativas para la resolución de los problemas que aquejan a la sociedad en el marco de la pertinencia y los fines institucionales.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000El Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología, Innovación y Emprendimiento organizado por la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, ha forjado su propia historia desde su primera edición, que fue ideado, organizado y llevado a cabo los días 10 y 11 de julio de 2013. Este acontecimiento se ha convertido en un hito dentro de la historia institucional y ha ido evolucionando conforme a la realidad dinámica del entorno social, académico y científico.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"286 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.31
Nemat A. Muhsen, Mustafa A. Al-Dossary
Fungi are one of the most important groups of microorganisms in the environment, and due to their ability to produce several types of enzymes, they play an essential role in the environment. During this study, fourteen species of fungi were isolated from fifteen soil samples collected from several agricultural areas in Basrah Governorate, southern Iraq, and their enzymatic activity was tested for four extracellular enzymes (cellulase C, laccase La, lipase Lp, and manganese peroxidase Mp) on specific solid media. The isolated fungi showed good enzymatic activity, in which 12 fungal species can secret manganese peroxidase, 11 can secret cellulase, 9 can secret lipase, and five can secret laccase enzyme. Aspergillus candidus and A. versicolor showed a positive detection for all enzymes, Cladosporium showed positive detection for C, Lp, and Mp, while Mucor sp. showed negative detection for all enzymes. Keywords: Enzymatic activity, Fungal diversity, soil.
{"title":"Diversity and enzymatic activity of some fungi isolated from agricultural soil","authors":"Nemat A. Muhsen, Mustafa A. Al-Dossary","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.31","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are one of the most important groups of microorganisms in the environment, and due to their ability to produce several types of enzymes, they play an essential role in the environment. During this study, fourteen species of fungi were isolated from fifteen soil samples collected from several agricultural areas in Basrah Governorate, southern Iraq, and their enzymatic activity was tested for four extracellular enzymes (cellulase C, laccase La, lipase Lp, and manganese peroxidase Mp) on specific solid media. The isolated fungi showed good enzymatic activity, in which 12 fungal species can secret manganese peroxidase, 11 can secret cellulase, 9 can secret lipase, and five can secret laccase enzyme. Aspergillus candidus and A. versicolor showed a positive detection for all enzymes, Cladosporium showed positive detection for C, Lp, and Mp, while Mucor sp. showed negative detection for all enzymes.\u0000Keywords: Enzymatic activity, Fungal diversity, soil.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"59 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.41
Noor Akmoosh, Ekhlas Al-Shareefi, Kawther Mohammed Ali
Cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is one of the most common and economically important pests of stored cereal products worldwide. Furthermore, these beetles can act as vectors for several fungal post-harvest diseases. The current research aimed to isolate the fungi associated with adults of C. maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The present study aimed to isolate and identify fungi associated with adult insects and evaluate their potential as biocontrol agents against the cowpea beetle, C. maculatus. In this study, we collected C. maculatus adults from the Babylon local market and five regions (Hilah, Mahaweel, Al-Mashrou', Al-Haswa and Al-Musayyab) with no history of insecticide exposure. A potato dextrose agar medium was used to isolate the fungi attached to the surfaces of adult beetles. By Morphological and microscopic examination, Molecular identification and Sequencing analysis, Twenty-seven genera of fungi were isolated and identified from adult C. maculatus, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Candida spp, white mycelium, Curvularia, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Stachybotrys, Rhizopus, Drechslera, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Mucor, Geotrichum candidum, Streptomyces, Sarocladium, Beauveria bassiana, Talaromyces varians, Sporothrix flocculasa, Pseudozyma flocculasa, and Isaria fumosorosea. The molecular weights of the PCR products for the fungi isolates ranged from 650-700 bp, and the amplified ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 rDNA region of indigenous entomopathogenic fungal isolates showed a high sequence similarity (99-100%) with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae deposited in the NCBIGenebank. The phylogenetic tree analysis of the ITS region sequences showed a high degree of similarity between the isolates under study, ranging from 96.5-100. However, there were differences in the lines among clades, indicating genetic variation possibly due to mating or mutations in different environments. Our study suggests that the storage pest, C. maculatus, would be essential in spreading fungal contaminants and consequently increasing mycotoxin contamination in stored Cowpea. Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus, Isolation, Fungi
豇豆种甲虫（Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)）（鞘翅目：Bruchidae）是全世界储藏谷物产品中最常见、最具经济价值的害虫之一。此外，这些甲虫还是几种收获后真菌疾病的传播媒介。目前的研究旨在分离与 C. maculatus (F.)（鞘翅目：Bruchidae）成虫相关的真菌。本研究旨在分离和鉴定与成虫相关的真菌，并评估其作为生物控制剂防治豇豆甲虫的潜力。在这项研究中，我们从巴比伦当地市场和五个没有杀虫剂接触史的地区（Hilah、Mahaweel、Al-Mashrou'、Al-Haswa 和 Al-Musayyab）收集了豇豆甲虫成虫。使用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基分离附着在甲虫成虫表面的真菌。通过形态学和显微镜检查、分子鉴定和测序分析，从 C. maculatus 成虫身上分离并鉴定出 27 个真菌属，其中包括曲霉属（Aspergia）、褐曲霉属（Aspergia）和褐曲霉属（Aspergia）。其中包括曲霉属、青霉属、念珠菌属、白菌丝属、卷曲菌属、帚孢属、茶孢属、水霉属、根霉属、蝶形花属、莨菪属酵母菌（Paecilomyces）、粘孢子菌（Mucor）、念珠菌（Geotrichum candidum）、链霉菌（Streptomyces）、沙雷氏菌（Sarocladium）、巴氏真菌（Beauveria bassiana）、变种塔拉酵母菌（Talaromyces varians）、絮状孢子菌（Sporothrix flocculasa）、絮状假酵母菌（Pseudozyma flocculasa）和烟曲霉（Isaria fumosorosea）。本地昆虫病原真菌分离物扩增的 ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 rDNA 区域与保存在 NCBIGenebank 中的 B. bassiana 和 M. anisopliae 的序列相似度很高（99%-100%）。对 ITS 区域序列的系统发生树分析表明，所研究的分离物之间具有 96.5-100 的高度相似性。然而，各支系之间也存在差异，这表明遗传变异可能是由不同环境中的交配或突变引起的。我们的研究表明，豇豆贮藏害虫C. maculatus对真菌污染物的传播至关重要，从而增加了贮藏豇豆的霉菌毒素污染：豇豆 黄粉虫 分离 真菌
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Fungal Species from the Insect Pest Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)","authors":"Noor Akmoosh, Ekhlas Al-Shareefi, Kawther Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.41","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is one of the most common and economically important pests of stored cereal products worldwide. Furthermore, these beetles can act as vectors for several fungal post-harvest diseases. The current research aimed to isolate the fungi associated with adults of C. maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The present study aimed to isolate and identify fungi associated with adult insects and evaluate their potential as biocontrol agents against the cowpea beetle, C. maculatus. In this study, we collected C. maculatus adults from the Babylon local market and five regions (Hilah, Mahaweel, Al-Mashrou', Al-Haswa and Al-Musayyab) with no history of insecticide exposure. A potato dextrose agar medium was used to isolate the fungi attached to the surfaces of adult beetles. By Morphological and microscopic examination, Molecular identification and Sequencing analysis, Twenty-seven genera of fungi were isolated and identified from adult C. maculatus, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Candida spp, white mycelium, Curvularia, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Stachybotrys, Rhizopus, Drechslera, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Mucor, Geotrichum candidum, Streptomyces, Sarocladium, Beauveria bassiana, Talaromyces varians, Sporothrix flocculasa, Pseudozyma flocculasa, and Isaria fumosorosea. The molecular weights of the PCR products for the fungi isolates ranged from 650-700 bp, and the amplified ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 rDNA region of indigenous entomopathogenic fungal isolates showed a high sequence similarity (99-100%) with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae deposited in the NCBIGenebank. The phylogenetic tree analysis of the ITS region sequences showed a high degree of similarity between the isolates under study, ranging from 96.5-100. However, there were differences in the lines among clades, indicating genetic variation possibly due to mating or mutations in different environments. Our study suggests that the storage pest, C. maculatus, would be essential in spreading fungal contaminants and consequently increasing mycotoxin contamination in stored Cowpea.\u0000Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus, Isolation, Fungi","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"98 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.19
Hasanain A. Emran, Khyreia Habeeb, Abeer Majeed
This study assessed the histomorphological changes in testicular tissues due to the experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) generated in rabbits with Alloxan. Twenty-four adult male rabbits were used and allocated randomly into two equal groups (n=12 of each). The first group served as a control group and received normal saline only. The second group (diabetic group) was injected with Alloxan at a 100mg/kg IP dose. The serum glucose level was estimated at (0 min), 3 days and then (1,2 and 3 months), by aspiration of a blood sample from the jugular vein mixed with anticoagulant (EDTA) to obtain serum. The testosterone hormone was assayed from the serum obtained by centrifugation of blood samples using a special kit. Testicular biopsies were harvested through surgical castration at (1,2, and 3 months) post-administration of Alloxan. Results displayed a marked increase in glucose levels in the diabetic group starting from day three till the end of the experiment, with high differences between the two groups. Moreover, testosterone levels significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Our histomorphological examination confirmed that Alloxan leads to testicular damage in rabbits, represented by testicular atrophy, necrosis focusing in spermatogenic cells and separation of germinal epithelium. In conclusion, the injection of Alloxan succeeded in inducing (DM) with clear alteration in studied parameters. . Key Words: Biochemical, Testicular Parameters, Alloxan, Rabbits.
{"title":"The histomorphological appearance of the testes in Alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits","authors":"Hasanain A. Emran, Khyreia Habeeb, Abeer Majeed","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the histomorphological changes in testicular tissues due to the experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) generated in rabbits with Alloxan. Twenty-four adult male rabbits were used and allocated randomly into two equal groups (n=12 of each). The first group served as a control group and received normal saline only. The second group (diabetic group) was injected with Alloxan at a 100mg/kg IP dose. The serum glucose level was estimated at (0 min), 3 days and then (1,2 and 3 months), by aspiration of a blood sample from the jugular vein mixed with anticoagulant (EDTA) to obtain serum. The testosterone hormone was assayed from the serum obtained by centrifugation of blood samples using a special kit. Testicular biopsies were harvested through surgical castration at (1,2, and 3 months) post-administration of Alloxan. Results displayed a marked increase in glucose levels in the diabetic group starting from day three till the end of the experiment, with high differences between the two groups.\u0000 \u0000Moreover, testosterone levels significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Our histomorphological examination confirmed that Alloxan leads to testicular damage in rabbits, represented by testicular atrophy, necrosis focusing in spermatogenic cells and separation of germinal epithelium. In conclusion, the injection of Alloxan succeeded in inducing (DM) with clear alteration in studied parameters.\u0000 \u0000. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Biochemical, Testicular Parameters, Alloxan, Rabbits.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.87
Al-Hasan Nassrullah, S. Almukhtar
This search was carried out in the plant tissue culture laboratory at the College of Agriculture at the University of Kerbala from 2021 to 2022. The study included the use of in vitro technology in the use of plant parts and different combinations in the emergence and multiplication of farms vegetative branches of rosemary, the study was carried out in two stages after performing the sterilization process: the first included the emergence of vegetative farms by planting the growing tops and side nodes on the MS nutrient medium with different concentrations (0 , 1, 2, 3 mg.L-1) BA, and the second stage was carried out by cultivating the growths resulting from the nodes grown in the previous stage on the (MS) media, that was prepared with various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 mg.L-1) BA and ( 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4mg.L-1) NAA, The results of the study showed the superiority of the apical, as it achieved a response rate of 57.5% compared to the lateral shoots, which recorded a response rate of 37.5%, and the con. of 1 mg.l-1 BA was superior and achieved a response rate of 80% comparison with the neutral treat that earn a response rate It reached 15%, and the results showed that the same concentration of benzyl adenine at a concentration of 2 mg.l-1 achieved of higher average in the number and length of branches (4.74 branches.plantlet-1, 4.12 cm), while the concentration achieved 3 mg .l- 1 of it had the higher rate of leaves number and the Fresh and Dry weight of the branches (15.24 leaves.plantlet-1, 2986 mg and 1823 mg), respectively, comparison with the neutral treat that achieved the lower average, and the concentration 0.2 mg.L-1 NAA exceeded in achieving The highest average number of branches, leaves, fresh &dry weight of branches was (4.16 branches.plantlet-1 and 14.21 leaves.plantlet-1, 2606 mg and 1594 mg) respectively, while the concentration exceeded 0.4 mg.L-1 NAA in achieving the highest rate The length of the branches reached 3.74 cm. All experiments were carried out using CRD (utterly randomized design). Keywords: explants type ; plant growth regulators ; micro propagation ; rosemary ; tissue culture
{"title":"Effect of the source of the plant part and plant growth regulators on the establishment and multiplication of vegetative branches of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in vitro","authors":"Al-Hasan Nassrullah, S. Almukhtar","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.87","url":null,"abstract":"This search was carried out in the plant tissue culture laboratory at the College of Agriculture at the University of Kerbala from 2021 to 2022. The study included the use of in vitro technology in the use of plant parts and different combinations in the emergence and multiplication of farms vegetative branches of rosemary, the study was carried out in two stages after performing the sterilization process: the first included the emergence of vegetative farms by planting the growing tops and side nodes on the MS nutrient medium with different concentrations (0 , 1, 2, 3 mg.L-1) BA, and the second stage was carried out by cultivating the growths resulting from the nodes grown in the previous stage on the (MS) media, that was prepared with various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 mg.L-1) BA and ( 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4mg.L-1) NAA, The results of the study showed the superiority of the apical, as it achieved a response rate of 57.5% compared to the lateral shoots, which recorded a response rate of 37.5%, and the con. of 1 mg.l-1 BA was superior and achieved a response rate of 80% comparison with the neutral treat that earn a response rate It reached 15%, and the results showed that the same concentration of benzyl adenine at a concentration of 2 mg.l-1 achieved of higher average in the number and length of branches (4.74 branches.plantlet-1, 4.12 cm), while the concentration achieved 3 mg .l- 1 of it had the higher rate of leaves number and the Fresh and Dry weight of the branches (15.24 leaves.plantlet-1, 2986 mg and 1823 mg), respectively, comparison with the neutral treat that achieved the lower average, and the concentration 0.2 mg.L-1 NAA exceeded in achieving The highest average number of branches, leaves, fresh &dry weight of branches was (4.16 branches.plantlet-1 and 14.21 leaves.plantlet-1, 2606 mg and 1594 mg) respectively, while the concentration exceeded 0.4 mg.L-1 NAA in achieving the highest rate The length of the branches reached 3.74 cm. All experiments were carried out using CRD (utterly randomized design).\u0000Keywords: explants type ; plant growth regulators ; micro propagation ; rosemary ; tissue culture","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.62
Faisal Nasser Jaber, Aqeel Alyousuf, H. H. Al-Saffar
The study aimed to investigate the seasonal presence and characterization of the group of butterflies (abundance, richness and biodiversity) in the agroecosystem of Brassicaceae plants in the Basra province. Two different ecosystem sites (Karmat Ali at the sedimentary habitat and Al-Zubair region at the desert habitat) were sampled during the growing season of 2020/2021. There are 823 and 507 individuals at the Karmat Ali and Al-Zubair sites, respectively; the specimens consist of 9 butterflies belonging to four families. The most abundant family was Nymphalidae (60%), followed by Lycainidae (28%) and Pieridae (9%), while Hesperiidae recorded the lowest relative abundance of 3%. The highest butterfly population was recorded for Vanessa Carudi, while Pieris rapae had the lowest density. The results showed differences in abundance, species richness, and Diversity of butterflies at the sites. The highest values of Diversity and richness were at Karmat Ali, compared to the Al-Zubair region. The study of butterflies' abundance and biodiversity indices indicated that environmental factors and the polyculture plantations support the butterfly population in agricultural habitats. Keywords: Basra; Biodiversity; Brassicaceae; Butterflies; Shannon index; Richness.
{"title":"Diversity of Butterflies associated with Brassicaceae crops in Basra, Iraq","authors":"Faisal Nasser Jaber, Aqeel Alyousuf, H. H. Al-Saffar","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.62","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the seasonal presence and characterization of the group of butterflies (abundance, richness and biodiversity) in the agroecosystem of Brassicaceae plants in the Basra province. Two different ecosystem sites (Karmat Ali at the sedimentary habitat and Al-Zubair region at the desert habitat) were sampled during the growing season of 2020/2021. There are 823 and 507 individuals at the Karmat Ali and Al-Zubair sites, respectively; the specimens consist of 9 butterflies belonging to four families. The most abundant family was Nymphalidae (60%), followed by Lycainidae (28%) and Pieridae (9%), while Hesperiidae recorded the lowest relative abundance of 3%. The highest butterfly population was recorded for Vanessa Carudi, while Pieris rapae had the lowest density. The results showed differences in abundance, species richness, and Diversity of butterflies at the sites. The highest values of Diversity and richness were at Karmat Ali, compared to the Al-Zubair region. The study of butterflies' abundance and biodiversity indices indicated that environmental factors and the polyculture plantations support the butterfly population in agricultural habitats.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Basra; Biodiversity; Brassicaceae; Butterflies; Shannon index; Richness.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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