Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.72
Qadesia Alabdulwahed, K. Huthily
The experiment was carried out in the winter of season 2021-2022 in the research field of the College of Agriculture - University of Basra (latitude 30.57° North and longitude 47.80°) to study the effect of foliar spraying of silicon, humic acid, and proline on the endurance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salt stress. The experiment was carried out by distributing eight treatments of foliar spraying. Silicon (Si) was sprayed at a concentration of 800 ppm, humic acid (H) at a concentration of 80 ppm, and proline (P) at a concentration of 100 ppm. The studied treatments included control (C), Si, H, P, SiH, SiP, HP, and SiHP) on two soils with salinity (7.63 and 14.24 ds m-1) randomized complete block design with three replicates. The seeds of safflower (Cv. Gila) were planted in the two soils. The results showed significant superiority of the triple treatment (SiHP) in all studied traits, as it recorded the highest mean of height (156.3 cm), number of bells in the plant 59.11, number of seeds in the bell (59.17), weight of 500 seeds (24.30 g), seeds yield (10549 kg seeds ha-1) and biological yield (27582 kg ha-1) with a significant increase over the control treatment, which amounted to 64.2 cm, 26.08 bell plant-1, 24.90 seed bell-1, 14.03 g, 1725 kg seeds ha-1 and 6594 kg.ha-1 respectively—superiority of the proline treatment in all studied traits. Salinity decreased the number of seeds in the plant, the weight of 500 seeds, and seed yield. The foliar spray with the above treatments has proven its effectiveness and efficiency in growth and yield and increased salinity tolerance, in addition to the fact that these materials are environmentally friendly. Keywords: Foliar Spraying; Salinity; Silicon; Humic acid; proline.
{"title":"Effect of spraying with silicon, humic acid, and proline on the safflower tolerance (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salt stress","authors":"Qadesia Alabdulwahed, K. Huthily","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.72","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out in the winter of season 2021-2022 in the research field of the College of Agriculture - University of Basra (latitude 30.57° North and longitude 47.80°) to study the effect of foliar spraying of silicon, humic acid, and proline on the endurance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salt stress. The experiment was carried out by distributing eight treatments of foliar spraying. Silicon (Si) was sprayed at a concentration of 800 ppm, humic acid (H) at a concentration of 80 ppm, and proline (P) at a concentration of 100 ppm. The studied treatments included control (C), Si, H, P, SiH, SiP, HP, and SiHP) on two soils with salinity (7.63 and 14.24 ds m-1) randomized complete block design with three replicates. The seeds of safflower (Cv. Gila) were planted in the two soils. The results showed significant superiority of the triple treatment (SiHP) in all studied traits, as it recorded the highest mean of height (156.3 cm), number of bells in the plant 59.11, number of seeds in the bell (59.17), weight of 500 seeds (24.30 g), seeds yield (10549 kg seeds ha-1) and biological yield (27582 kg ha-1) with a significant increase over the control treatment, which amounted to 64.2 cm, 26.08 bell plant-1, 24.90 seed bell-1, 14.03 g, 1725 kg seeds ha-1 and 6594 kg.ha-1 respectively—superiority of the proline treatment in all studied traits. Salinity decreased the number of seeds in the plant, the weight of 500 seeds, and seed yield. The foliar spray with the above treatments has proven its effectiveness and efficiency in growth and yield and increased salinity tolerance, in addition to the fact that these materials are environmentally friendly.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Foliar Spraying; Salinity; Silicon; Humic acid; proline.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138970765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.48
H. S. Jaafar, Nazar A. Al-Ibraheemi, Aseel A. Ghali
A study was conducted in a field belonging to the Najaf Agriculture Directorate/Najaf/Iraq during the spring growing season of 2021. The study aimed to analyze the response of okra variety Hussainiya for two factors. The first studied factor was three levels of DPW (decomposed palm waste), including 0, 16, and 32 tonha-1, while the second factor was three levels of a foliar application of Jasmonic acid, including 0, 15, and 30 mgL-1. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to model the factorial experiment with three replications, and the Least Significant Differences (LSD) were selected to compare the means at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed the significant superiority of organic fertilization treatment of DPW at the level of 32-ton ha-1 compared with control treatments in the studied parameters, recording the highest value of the plant height, total number of leaves, total leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative system, number of fruits per plant, the yield of one plant, total yield, the percentage of nitrogen in leaves, the total chlorophyll percentage, and the total soluble carbohydrates in fruits. The foliar application of 30 mg. L-1 Jasmonic acid gave significantly higher values for the above indicators than control treatments. The interaction between the application of 32 tons. ha-1 DPW and 30 mg L-1 Jasmonic acids showed significant superiority over other treatments in all studied indicators. These indicators were plant height 131.66 cm, total number of leaves 42.55 leaves plant-1, total leaf area 1.66 m2plant-1, dry weight of the vegetative system 95.48 g plant-1, fruits number 77.15 fruit plant-1, yield of one plant 884.75 g plant-1, total yield 56.17 tons. ha-1, nitrogen in leaves 2.262%, total chlorophyll in leaves 80.91 mg.100 g-1FW, and carbohydrates in fruits 20.33%. While the interaction between non-fertilized plants sprayed with water only recorded significantly the lowest value of these indicators, which scored 77.10 cm, 20.36 leaf plant-1, 0.59 m2plant-1, 54.11 g plant-1, 47.23 fruit plant-1, 237.42 g plant-1, 15.07-ton ha-1, 1.351%, 47.45 mg.100 g-1 fresh weight, and 6.77% respectively. Keywords: Abelmoschus plant; decomposed palm waste; Jasmonic acid; okra, Organic fertilizer; yield indicators.
{"title":"The Effect of Organic Fertilization and Jasmonic Acid on the Morphological, Quantitative, and Chemical Parameters of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) variety Hussainawiya","authors":"H. S. Jaafar, Nazar A. Al-Ibraheemi, Aseel A. Ghali","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.48","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in a field belonging to the Najaf Agriculture Directorate/Najaf/Iraq during the spring growing season of 2021. The study aimed to analyze the response of okra variety Hussainiya for two factors. The first studied factor was three levels of DPW (decomposed palm waste), including 0, 16, and 32 tonha-1, while the second factor was three levels of a foliar application of Jasmonic acid, including 0, 15, and 30 mgL-1. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to model the factorial experiment with three replications, and the Least Significant Differences (LSD) were selected to compare the means at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed the significant superiority of organic fertilization treatment of DPW at the level of 32-ton ha-1 compared with control treatments in the studied parameters, recording the highest value of the plant height, total number of leaves, total leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative system, number of fruits per plant, the yield of one plant, total yield, the percentage of nitrogen in leaves, the total chlorophyll percentage, and the total soluble carbohydrates in fruits. The foliar application of 30 mg. L-1 Jasmonic acid gave significantly higher values for the above indicators than control treatments. The interaction between the application of 32 tons. ha-1 DPW and 30 mg L-1 Jasmonic acids showed significant superiority over other treatments in all studied indicators. These indicators were plant height 131.66 cm, total number of leaves 42.55 leaves plant-1, total leaf area 1.66 m2plant-1, dry weight of the vegetative system 95.48 g plant-1, fruits number 77.15 fruit plant-1, yield of one plant 884.75 g plant-1, total yield 56.17 tons. ha-1, nitrogen in leaves 2.262%, total chlorophyll in leaves 80.91 mg.100 g-1FW, and carbohydrates in fruits 20.33%. While the interaction between non-fertilized plants sprayed with water only recorded significantly the lowest value of these indicators, which scored 77.10 cm, 20.36 leaf plant-1, 0.59 m2plant-1, 54.11 g plant-1, 47.23 fruit plant-1, 237.42 g plant-1, 15.07-ton ha-1, 1.351%, 47.45 mg.100 g-1 fresh weight, and 6.77% respectively.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Abelmoschus plant; decomposed palm waste; Jasmonic acid; okra, Organic fertilizer; yield indicators.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.59
Battol Qasem Kteo, A. Mohammed, H. H. Al-Saffar
The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is an important pest of stored wheat worldwide. This study assessed the efficacy of two isolates of M. anisoplae (commercial and local isolates). Different conidial concentrations (1×108, 1×106, 1×104) conidia/ml-1 and fungal filtrate (100, 75, 50) % of M. anisoplae were evaluated. In both fungal isolates, corrected mortality of T. granarium after exposure varied according to fungal concentrations conidial concentration of conidia/ml-1, and the fungal filtrate at a concentration of 75% caused the highest mortality rates. In addition, mortality rates were significantly varied according to the beetle's developmental stage. Both isolates of M. anisoplae caused between 41 and 67.6 % reduction in total fecundity of the female adults. The results demonstrate no significant differences between the local isolate of M. anisoplae and commercial formulation (Met 52 EC). Further studies under commercial storage conditions are required. Keywords: Insects storage pests, biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi
{"title":"Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisoplae, against Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) under laboratory conditions","authors":"Battol Qasem Kteo, A. Mohammed, H. H. Al-Saffar","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.59","url":null,"abstract":"The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is an important pest of stored wheat worldwide. This study assessed the efficacy of two isolates of M. anisoplae (commercial and local isolates). Different conidial concentrations (1×108, 1×106, 1×104) conidia/ml-1 and fungal filtrate (100, 75, 50) % of M. anisoplae were evaluated. In both fungal isolates, corrected mortality of T. granarium after exposure varied according to fungal concentrations conidial concentration of conidia/ml-1, and the fungal filtrate at a concentration of 75% caused the highest mortality rates. In addition, mortality rates were significantly varied according to the beetle's developmental stage. Both isolates of M. anisoplae caused between 41 and 67.6 % reduction in total fecundity of the female adults. The results demonstrate no significant differences between the local isolate of M. anisoplae and commercial formulation (Met 52 EC). Further studies under commercial storage conditions are required.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Insects storage pests, biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.28
Makarem Ali Hussain Alshammari, Siham sabah Abdullah Al Muhammad
The implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) is the gold standard in today's cataract surgery. Calculating the power of the intraocular lens (IOL) has emerged as a central concern in cataract surgery over the last decade. The study aims to investigate the relationship between optical biometry and applanation ultrasound measurement of the eye's axial length. This prospective cohort study was done on 60 eyes from sixty patients undergoing phacoemulsification with primary intraocular lens implantation and scheduled for cataract surgery in the Ophthalmology Department of al-Imam al-Sadeq Hospital. Thirty eyes of patients were measured by ultrasound measurement (by A-Scan, Group 1) and the other thirty eyes by optical biometry (by IOL Master, Group 2). In Group 1There were 14 eyes of 14 males (47%) and 16 eyes of 16 females (53%) with a mean age was 71.6 ±4.33years. In Group 2, there were 16 eyes of 16 males (53%) and 14 eyes of fourteen females (47%), and the mean age of the patients in this Group was 66.13±8.61 years. The mean IOL of the patient in Group I was (19.96±1.81). At the same time, the mean IOL potent ion of the patient in Group II was (22.96±1.66). Keywords: Optical Biometry, Ultrasound Biometry, Intraocular lens (IOL), IOL Master partial coherence interferometry (PCI)
{"title":"Comparison of ocular biometry and intraocular lens power using a novel biometer and a traditional biometer","authors":"Makarem Ali Hussain Alshammari, Siham sabah Abdullah Al Muhammad","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.28","url":null,"abstract":"The implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) is the gold standard in today's cataract surgery. Calculating the power of the intraocular lens (IOL) has emerged as a central concern in cataract surgery over the last decade. The study aims to investigate the relationship between optical biometry and applanation ultrasound measurement of the eye's axial length. This prospective cohort study was done on 60 eyes from sixty patients undergoing phacoemulsification with primary intraocular lens implantation and scheduled for cataract surgery in the Ophthalmology Department of al-Imam al-Sadeq Hospital. Thirty eyes of patients were measured by ultrasound measurement (by A-Scan, Group 1) and the other thirty eyes by optical biometry (by IOL Master, Group 2). In Group 1There were 14 eyes of 14 males (47%) and 16 eyes of 16 females (53%) with a mean age was 71.6 ±4.33years. In Group 2, there were 16 eyes of 16 males (53%) and 14 eyes of fourteen females (47%), and the mean age of the patients in this Group was 66.13±8.61 years. The mean IOL of the patient in Group I was (19.96±1.81). At the same time, the mean IOL potent ion of the patient in Group II was (22.96±1.66).\u0000Keywords: Optical Biometry, Ultrasound Biometry, Intraocular lens (IOL), IOL Master\u0000partial coherence interferometry (PCI)","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.83
Ashwaq Audah
Foundation: Kidney disappointment is an ailment in which the kidneys no longer function. (1) It is isolated into intense kidney disappointment (cases that proliferate) and persistent kidney disappointment (those that are long haul). Indications might incorporate leg expansion, feeling tired, heaving, loss of craving, or disarray. Complexities of intense infection might incorporate uremia, high blood potassium, or volume over-burden. Difficulties of ongoing illness might incorporate coronary illness, hypertension, or sickliness. Creatinine is a breakdown result of creatine phosphate in muscle and is generally delivered at a genuinely consistent rate by the body (contingent upon bulk). Point: This study expects to research the connection between catalase compound, creatinine, and urea level with the advancement of kidney disappointment. Techniques: Plasma of Catalase, creatinine, and Urea were not entirely settled in 46 patients with kidney disappointment and 21 solid subjects as control bunch utilizing the colorimetric technique. All outcomes were genuinely examined. Results: A profoundly huge increment was found in the serum level of creatinine and urea in patients with Kidney disappointment contrasted with control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, serum levels of catalase compound were diminished in the patient gathering (P < 0.05). End: The consequences of the current review give proof that the family background of kidney infection, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary illness, and long-haul uncontrolled hypertension has an unmistakable connection with kidney disappointment hazard. Undeniable degrees of creatinine and urea were introduced in patients with Kidney disappointment. Keywords: Catalase enzyme, Creatinine, Urea, Kidney failure Diseases.
{"title":"The Antioxidant Status of Kidney Failure Patients","authors":"Ashwaq Audah","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.83","url":null,"abstract":"Foundation: Kidney disappointment is an ailment in which the kidneys no longer function. (1) It is isolated into intense kidney disappointment (cases that proliferate) and persistent kidney disappointment (those that are long haul). Indications might incorporate leg expansion, feeling tired, heaving, loss of craving, or disarray. Complexities of intense infection might incorporate uremia, high blood potassium, or volume over-burden. Difficulties of ongoing illness might incorporate coronary illness, hypertension, or sickliness. Creatinine is a breakdown result of creatine phosphate in muscle and is generally delivered at a genuinely consistent rate by the body (contingent upon bulk). Point: This study expects to research the connection between catalase compound, creatinine, and urea level with the advancement of kidney disappointment. Techniques: Plasma of Catalase, creatinine, and Urea were not entirely settled in 46 patients with kidney disappointment and 21 solid subjects as control bunch utilizing the colorimetric technique. All outcomes were genuinely examined. Results: A profoundly huge increment was found in the serum level of creatinine and urea in patients with Kidney disappointment contrasted with control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, serum levels of catalase compound were diminished in the patient gathering (P < 0.05). End: The consequences of the current review give proof that the family background of kidney infection, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary illness, and long-haul uncontrolled hypertension has an unmistakable connection with kidney disappointment hazard. Undeniable degrees of creatinine and urea were introduced in patients with Kidney disappointment.\u0000Keywords: Catalase enzyme, Creatinine, Urea, Kidney failure Diseases.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.55
Athraa K. Hussain, M. Alheidary
Reducing pesticide costs and environmental losses during spraying is considered an essential issue for obtaining the effectiveness of pest control. This study aimed to determine the spray characteristics using a full hollow cone nozzle at different spray conditions. Three spray heights, 25, 50, and 75cm, and three pressures, 2, 3, and 5 bar, were used. Nozzle flow rate, application rate, spray width, angle, and accumulated volume were measured. The results showed an effect on spray characteristics due to the change in spray conditions. The nozzle flow rate increased with the increase in pressure, where the average flow rate ranges between (0.34 to 0.58 l/min) between 2 and 5 bars, respectively. Results also illustrated an increase in height from 25 to 75 cm, and pressure from 2 to 5bar led to an increase in volume rate, spray width, angle, and accumulated volume (285.6 to 474.92), (50 to 100cm), (41 to 90º), and (37.75 to 198ml) respectively. Keywords: Operating Conditions; Patternator; Nozzle; Spray Indicators.
{"title":"Laboratory determination of spray characteristics using a full hollow cone nozzle at different heights and operating pressures","authors":"Athraa K. Hussain, M. Alheidary","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.55","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing pesticide costs and environmental losses during spraying is considered an essential issue for obtaining the effectiveness of pest control. This study aimed to determine the spray characteristics using a full hollow cone nozzle at different spray conditions. Three spray heights, 25, 50, and 75cm, and three pressures, 2, 3, and 5 bar, were used. Nozzle flow rate, application rate, spray width, angle, and accumulated volume were measured. The results showed an effect on spray characteristics due to the change in spray conditions. The nozzle flow rate increased with the increase in pressure, where the average flow rate ranges between (0.34 to 0.58 l/min) between 2 and 5 bars, respectively. Results also illustrated an increase in height from 25 to 75 cm, and pressure from 2 to 5bar led to an increase in volume rate, spray width, angle, and accumulated volume (285.6 to 474.92), (50 to 100cm), (41 to 90º), and (37.75 to 198ml) respectively.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Operating Conditions; Patternator; Nozzle; Spray Indicators.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.61
Nihad Mutlag, D. Hussain
This study was conducted in 2020 in the wastewater treatment plant in Al-Barakia Najaf, where samples were taken in November from the Bioshft unit and the compact unit from the plant to know the efficiency of the plant in treatment. The process of isolation and purification was Microbiology Laboratory_ Ecology and Pollution Department - College of Science - University of Kufa. Its diagnosis was carried out at the Plant Virus Laboratory - College of Agriculture - the University of Karbala, and (19) fungal isolates isolated from wastewater treatment plants were diagnosed. These isolates were analyzed using the PCR technique and determination of the nucleotide sequences of the polymerase chain reaction products that were amplified from those isolates using ITS4 and ITS1 primers. It belonged to the fungus A. caespitosus. and isolated A flavus (7,8), T. asperellum (9-11) A.tubingensis (12), A.terrus(13), A.niger (14,15), A. alternata (16), C.sphaerospermum (17), A.oryzae (18), Acremonium sp (19), similarity rate of 100% with isolates registered with the NCBI. The results show that all the isolated fungi diagnosed in this study are recorded globally. However, they are not recorded in Iraq, and (5) isolates are not recorded in the Arab nation and Iraq, including A. tubingensis, C.sphaerospermum, A. alternate, and A.oryzae, while the isolate Acremonium sp. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI, it is registered only in Germany under the number (AJ557731), and the similarity rate is 100% with the isolate diagnosed in this study. Keywords: wastewater; Molecular Identification; fungi; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); DNA sequence analysis.
这项研究于 2020 年在 Al-Barakia Najaf 的废水处理厂进行，11 月从该厂的 Bioshft 单元和紧凑单元采集了样本，以了解该厂的处理效率。库法大学理学院生态与污染系微生物实验室进行了分离和净化。诊断工作在卡尔巴拉大学农学院植物病毒实验室进行，并对从废水处理厂分离出来的（19 个）真菌进行了诊断。使用 PCR 技术对这些分离物进行了分析，并确定了使用 ITS4 和 ITS1 引物从这些分离物中扩增出的聚合酶链反应产物的核苷酸序列。分离出的 A flavus (7,8)、T. asperellum (9-11)、A.tubingensis (12)、A.terrus (13)、A.niger (14,15)、A.alternata (16)、C.sphaerospermum (17)、A.oryzae (18)、Acremonium sp (19)，与 NCBI 登记的分离物相似率达 100%。结果表明，本研究中诊断出的所有分离真菌在全球都有记录。根据美国国家生物技术信息中心（National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI）的数据，该分离物仅在德国注册，注册号为（AJ557731），与本研究中诊断出的分离物相似度为 100%。 关键词：废水；分子鉴定；真菌；聚合酶链式反应（PCR）；DNA 序列分析。
{"title":"New Records in Iraq and Arab Nations for some Fungi Isolated from Al-Barakia wastewater treatment plant in Al-Najaf Province","authors":"Nihad Mutlag, D. Hussain","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.61","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in 2020 in the wastewater treatment plant in Al-Barakia Najaf, where samples were taken in November from the Bioshft unit and the compact unit from the plant to know the efficiency of the plant in treatment. The process of isolation and purification was Microbiology Laboratory_ Ecology and Pollution Department - College of Science - University of Kufa. Its diagnosis was carried out at the Plant Virus Laboratory - College of Agriculture - the University of Karbala, and (19) fungal isolates isolated from wastewater treatment plants were diagnosed. These isolates were analyzed using the PCR technique and determination of the nucleotide sequences of the polymerase chain reaction products that were amplified from those isolates using ITS4 and ITS1 primers. It belonged to the fungus A. caespitosus. and isolated A flavus (7,8), T. asperellum (9-11) A.tubingensis (12), A.terrus(13), A.niger (14,15), A. alternata (16), C.sphaerospermum (17), A.oryzae (18), Acremonium sp (19), similarity rate of 100% with isolates registered with the NCBI. The results show that all the isolated fungi diagnosed in this study are recorded globally. However, they are not recorded in Iraq, and (5) isolates are not recorded in the Arab nation and Iraq, including A. tubingensis, C.sphaerospermum, A. alternate, and A.oryzae, while the isolate Acremonium sp. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI, it is registered only in Germany under the number (AJ557731), and the similarity rate is 100% with the isolate diagnosed in this study. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: wastewater; Molecular Identification; fungi; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); DNA sequence analysis.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted at a laboratory in the Biology, College of Education, University of Salahaddin, from February to May 2022 to investigate propolis, honey and royal jelly’s chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The honeybee production extract showed that Gram (+) bacteria were more resistant to the antibacterial compounds of honey and propolis than Gram (-) bacteria and fungi. E. coli was a more sensitive isolate than all the other bacteria examined against the honey types tested. At the same time, it revealed more resistance against all types of propolis. Royal jelly with honey displayed more antimicrobial activity than other bee products and exhibited superior activity; the minimum inhibitory concentration of honey and propolis samples ranged from 32 to 512µg/mL. The MIC value of the most effective honey (Honey 1, Honey 2 and Royal jelly) was 32µg/mL. The lowest concentration of Qaladze propolis was (32µg/mL) for E. coli ATCC 25922, followed by 128µg/mL in some other propolis types. Keywords: Apis mellifera; antimicrobial activities; honey; propolis; royal jelly.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Apis mellifera L. Honey, Propolis, Royal Jelly in Iraqi Kurdistan Region","authors":"Banaz Abdulla, Rukhosh J. Rashed, Rebwar Hamasalih, Tishk Shekh Faraj, Nashmil Rashid, Hozan Hamamurad","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.65","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at a laboratory in the Biology, College of Education, University of Salahaddin, from February to May 2022 to investigate propolis, honey and royal jelly’s chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The honeybee production extract showed that Gram (+) bacteria were more resistant to the antibacterial compounds of honey and propolis than Gram (-) bacteria and fungi. E. coli was a more sensitive isolate than all the other bacteria examined against the honey types tested. At the same time, it revealed more resistance against all types of propolis. Royal jelly with honey displayed more antimicrobial activity than other bee products and exhibited superior activity; the minimum inhibitory concentration of honey and propolis samples ranged from 32 to 512µg/mL. The MIC value of the most effective honey (Honey 1, Honey 2 and Royal jelly) was 32µg/mL. The lowest concentration of Qaladze propolis was (32µg/mL) for E. coli ATCC 25922, followed by 128µg/mL in some other propolis types.\u0000 \u0000Keywords: Apis mellifera; antimicrobial activities; honey; propolis; royal jelly.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.10
M. García, Tania Moreta, Sebastián Alberto Guerrero Luzuriaga, Juan Gaibor Chávez
El objetivo de la investigación fue modelar la cinética de secado del café robusta (Coffea canephora). Se realizó la recolección, recepción, despulpado, limpieza del grano, pesado y posterior se sometió al proceso de secado. El estudio se realizó en una estufa marca Memmert a 104 °C durante 24 horas, se tomaron tres muestras de similar tamaño (6,49 g; 8,57 g; 7,78 g) con una humedad inicial de 36,64 % y humedad final de 1,04 %; 0,92 %; 1,00 %. También se ocupó un secador vertical de bandejas a escala de laboratorio a temperatura de 73°C tomando lecturas del peso durante 24 horas, obteniendo la humedad de equilibrio a las 13 horas. Las variables que se midieron fueron: humedad en base seca, humedad en base húmeda, humedad total, humedad en equilibrio, flujo de calor, cantidad de calor, velocidad de secado. Se notó que la velocidad de secado a mayores temperaturas favorece a la transferencia de masa y energía. El modelo que tuvo mejor ajuste para ambos casos fue el de Henderson y Pabis con un coeficiente de determinación de 99,196 % a 104 °C y 99,561 % a 73 °C. Concluyendo que la temperatura tiene un efecto en la variación de humedad de la materia prima a diferentes tiempos. Palabras clave: Cinética, café robusta, secado, humedad en equilibrio, modelamiento matemático.
{"title":"Modelamiento matematico de la cinética de secado de café robusta (Coffea canephora)","authors":"M. García, Tania Moreta, Sebastián Alberto Guerrero Luzuriaga, Juan Gaibor Chávez","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de la investigación fue modelar la cinética de secado del café robusta (Coffea canephora). Se realizó la recolección, recepción, despulpado, limpieza del grano, pesado y posterior se sometió al proceso de secado. El estudio se realizó en una estufa marca Memmert a 104 °C durante 24 horas, se tomaron tres muestras de similar tamaño (6,49 g; 8,57 g; 7,78 g) con una humedad inicial de 36,64 % y humedad final de 1,04 %; 0,92 %; 1,00 %. También se ocupó un secador vertical de bandejas a escala de laboratorio a temperatura de 73°C tomando lecturas del peso durante 24 horas, obteniendo la humedad de equilibrio a las 13 horas. Las variables que se midieron fueron: humedad en base seca, humedad en base húmeda, humedad total, humedad en equilibrio, flujo de calor, cantidad de calor, velocidad de secado. Se notó que la velocidad de secado a mayores temperaturas favorece a la transferencia de masa y energía. El modelo que tuvo mejor ajuste para ambos casos fue el de Henderson y Pabis con un coeficiente de determinación de 99,196 % a 104 °C y 99,561 % a 73 °C. Concluyendo que la temperatura tiene un efecto en la variación de humedad de la materia prima a diferentes tiempos.\u0000 \u0000Palabras clave: Cinética, café robusta, secado, humedad en equilibrio, modelamiento matemático.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.4
Darwin Núñez, Sandy Adaya Agualongo Sinchipa, Carmen Rocio Callan Chela, Juan Gaibor Chávez
Se realizo la cinética de secado de tres variedades de ají, Habanero (Capsicum chinense), Jalapeño (Capsicum annum) y Amarillo (Capsicum baccatum), donde se logró obtener experimentalmente la cinética del secado, fue realizado utilizándose un secador laboratorial de bandejas, a temperatura constante de 70 °C. El tiempo requerido para secar el producto hasta una humedad aproximada del 34 % fue de 10 horas. Las curvas experimentales del secado fueron ajustados al modelo difusional de Lewis, Pague y Henderson & Pabis. Se determina que la velocidad de secado a una temperatura constante favorece a la transferencia de masa y energía. En la que estableció que el modelo que tuvo mayor ajuste tanto para la cinética de secado y deshidratación fue de Henderson & Pabis dando como resultado R2 = 73,130 % para el secado y R2 = 71,631 para la deshidratación, obteniendo al final un producto con una humedad relativamente nula y de fácil trituración, logrando obtener un polvo homogéneo y conservando sus características multifuncionales tanto en su uso gastronómico como también en el uso de prevención de enfermedades. Palabras Claves: Capsicum annum; Capsicum chinense; Capsicum baccatum; Cinética; Deshidratación; Velocidad de flujo; Temperatura; Humedad.
{"title":"Deshidratación de diferentes variedades de ají para la obtención de polvo","authors":"Darwin Núñez, Sandy Adaya Agualongo Sinchipa, Carmen Rocio Callan Chela, Juan Gaibor Chávez","doi":"10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"Se realizo la cinética de secado de tres variedades de ají, Habanero (Capsicum chinense), Jalapeño (Capsicum annum) y Amarillo (Capsicum baccatum), donde se logró obtener experimentalmente la cinética del secado, fue realizado utilizándose un secador laboratorial de bandejas, a temperatura constante de 70 °C. El tiempo requerido para secar el producto hasta una humedad aproximada del 34 % fue de 10 horas. Las curvas experimentales del secado fueron ajustados al modelo difusional de Lewis, Pague y Henderson & Pabis. Se determina que la velocidad de secado a una temperatura constante favorece a la transferencia de masa y energía. En la que estableció que el modelo que tuvo mayor ajuste tanto para la cinética de secado y deshidratación fue de Henderson & Pabis dando como resultado R2 = 73,130 % para el secado y R2 = 71,631 para la deshidratación, obteniendo al final un producto con una humedad relativamente nula y de fácil trituración, logrando obtener un polvo homogéneo y conservando sus características multifuncionales tanto en su uso gastronómico como también en el uso de prevención de enfermedades.\u0000 \u0000Palabras Claves: Capsicum annum; Capsicum chinense; Capsicum baccatum; Cinética; Deshidratación; Velocidad de flujo; Temperatura; Humedad.","PeriodicalId":9036,"journal":{"name":"Bionatura","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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