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Hey ChatGPT! Write Me an Article about Your Effects on Academic Writing 嘿ChatGPT !给我写一篇关于你对学术写作影响的文章
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230097
Eric S. Henry
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 OpenAI, “Introducing ChatGPT,” November 30, 2022. https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt2 Molly Ruby, “How ChatGPT Works: The Model Behind the Bot,” Medium, January 30, 2023. https://medium.com/towards-data-science/how-chatgpt-works-the-models-behind-the-bot-1ce5fca962863 Mike Pearl, “The ChatGPT Chatbot from OpenAI Is Amazing, Creative, and Totally Wrong, “Mashable, December 3, 2022. https://mashable.com/article/chatgpt-amazing-wrong4 Jill Walker Rettberg, “ChatGPT Is Multilingual but Monocultural, and It’s Learning Your Values, “jill/txt, December 6, 2022. https://jilltxt.net/right-now-chatgpt-is-multilingual-but-monocultural-but-its-learning-your-values/5 Stephen Wolfram, “What Is ChatGPT Doing … and Why Does it Work?,” Stephen Wolfram Writings, February 14, 2023. https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/02/what-is-chatgpt-doing-and-why-does-it-work/6 Lev Vygotsky, Thought and Language (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1962).Additional informationNotes on contributorsEric S. HenryEric S. Henry is an associate professor of anthropology at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Canada. He researches the growing acquisition and use of English in contemporary China. His book, The Future Conditional: Building an English-Speaking Society in Northeast China, was published by Cornell University Press in 2021.
注1 OpenAI,“介绍ChatGPT”,2022年11月30日。https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt2 Molly Ruby,“ChatGPT是如何工作的:机器人背后的模型”,Medium, 2023年1月30日。https://medium.com/towards-data-science/how-chatgpt-works-the-models-behind-the-bot-1ce5fca962863 Mike Pearl,“OpenAI的ChatGPT聊天机器人是惊人的,有创意的,完全错误的”,Mashable, 2022年12月3日。https://mashable.com/article/chatgpt-amazing-wrong4 Jill Walker Rettberg,“ChatGPT是多语言但单一文化的,它正在学习你的价值观”,Jill /txt, 2022年12月6日。https://jilltxt.net/right-now-chatgpt-is-multilingual-but-monocultural-but-its-learning-your-values/5 Stephen Wolfram,“ChatGPT在做什么……为什么它有效?”Stephen Wolfram Writings, 2023年2月14日。https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/02/what-is-chatgpt-doing-and-why-does-it-work/6列夫·维果茨基,《思想与语言》(剑桥:麻省理工学院出版社,1962)。作者简介:eric S. Henry是加拿大哈利法克斯圣玛丽大学人类学副教授。他研究当代中国英语习得和使用的增长。他的著作《未来的条件:在中国东北建立一个英语社会》于2021年由康奈尔大学出版社出版。
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引用次数: 0
When A Woman Is Married to Multiple Brothers: Land, Climate and Cultural Changes in Western Himalaya 当一个女人嫁给多个兄弟:西喜马拉雅地区的土地、气候和文化变化
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230094
Aghaghia Rahimzadeh
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 Youba Raj Luintel, “Agency, Autonomy, and the Shared Sexuality: Gender Relations in Polyandry in Nepal Himalaya,” Contributions to Nepalese Studies 31, no. 1 (2004): 43–83.Additional informationNotes on contributorsAghaghia RahimzadehAghaghia Rahimzadeh is a Fulbright Fellow with a doctorate in environmental science, policy, and management from UC Berkeley. She has spent the last decade conducting research in remote mountain communities in Western Himalaya, investigating the social implications of climate change. As an independent scholar, her current work explores the intersection of climate change, infrastructure development and mass tourism to understand how the region confronts these issues on its resource base. Aghaghia is currently a fellow/scholar advisor at the Black Earth Institute. She also guides educational and cultural immersion tours to the Himalaya. Aghaghia has worked with the UN Development Program and the UN Development Fund for Women in Tajikistan and with the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in Iran. Her publications have appeared in About Place Journal, World Development Perspectives, Land Use Policy, Conservation and Society, Human Ecology, Newfound and Terrain.org.
注1 Youba Raj Luintel,“代理、自治和共有性:尼泊尔喜马拉雅地区一妻多夫制中的性别关系”,《尼泊尔研究贡献》第31期。1(2004): 43-83。作者简介:haghaghia Rahimzadeh是富布赖特研究员,拥有加州大学伯克利分校环境科学、政策和管理博士学位。在过去的十年里,她一直在西喜马拉雅的偏远山区进行研究,调查气候变化对社会的影响。作为一名独立学者,她目前的工作是探索气候变化、基础设施发展和大众旅游的交集,以了解该地区如何在其资源基础上面对这些问题。Aghaghia目前是黑土研究所的研究员/学者顾问。她还带领教育和文化浸入式的喜马拉雅之旅。Aghaghia在塔吉克斯坦与联合国开发计划署和联合国妇女发展基金合作,在伊朗与国际自然保护联盟合作。她的出版物发表在《关于地方杂志》、《世界发展展望》、《土地利用政策》、《保护与社会》、《人类生态学》、《新发现》和《Terrain.org》上。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Safety: Gendered Mobility in Karachi and Delhi 超越安全:卡拉奇和德里的性别流动
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230095
Ferya Ilyas, Mridula Garg
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsWe thank Dr. Martina Rieker for her mentorship and guidance in shaping our work. We also thank the editors of Anthropology Now—Karen-Sue Taussig, Emily Martin and Maria Vesperi—for generous editing and feedback.Notes1 As with many things in Karachi, this number from the 2017 census is also disputed.2 Broadly speaking, there are three different types of buses in Karachi’s public transport system: big buses, minibuses and coaches. However, due to the number of vehicles, minibuses are the most common ones.3 Kamran Asdar Ali, “Women, Work and Public Spaces: Conflict and Coexistence in Karachi’s Poor Neighborhoods,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 36, no. 3 (2012): 585–605.4 Arif Hassan and Mansoor Raza, Karachi: The Transport Crisis (self-pub., 2015), 35.5 Oskar Verkaaik, “Violence and Ethnic Identity Politics in Karachi and Hyderabad,” South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 39, no. 4 (2016): 841–854.6 In July 2022, a bus was torched in a riot following the murder of a Sindhi man allegedly by a Pashtun restaurant owner.7 Amita Baviskar, Uncivil City: Ecology, Equity and the Commons in Delhi (New Delhi: SAGE & Yoda Press, 2020), 5–6.8 The timely delivery of the initial phase of the Delhi Metro project is popularly attributed to Mr. E. Sreedharan, who is commonly known as the Metro Man. This quote is from a 2014 marketing document by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Mr. Sreedharan strongly opposed Delhi government’s announcement to make the metro free for women.9 Rashmi Sadana, “’We Are Visioning It’: Aspirational Planning and the Material Landscapes of Delhi’s Metro,” City & Society 30, no. 2 (2018): 186–209.10 Matti Siemiatycki, “Message in a Metro: Building Urban Rail Infrastructure and Image in Delhi, India,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30, no. 2 (2006): 277–292.11 Shelly Tara, “Private Space in Public Transport: Locating Gender in the Delhi Metro,” Economic and Political Weekly 46, no. 51 (2011): 71–74.12 Rashmi Sadana, “On the Delhi Metro: An Ethnographic View,” Economic and Political Weekly 45, no. 46 (2010): 77–83.13 Zaheer Baber, “Public transportation in an era of neo‐liberal privatization – the Delhi Metro,” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 11, no. 3 (2010): 478–480.14 Paul J. Carnegie, Victor T. King, and Zawawi Ibrahim, “Introduction,” in Human Insecurities in Southeast Asia, eds. Paul J. Carnegie, Victor T. King, and Zawawi Ibrahim (Singapore: Springer, 2016), 3.15 Carnegie et al., “Introduction”; Victor T. King, “Of Risk, Uncertainty, Safety, and Trust: (Re)Locating Human Insecurities,” in Human Insecurities in Southeast Asia, ed. Paul J. Carnegie, Victor T. King, and Zawawi Ibrahim (Singapore: Springer, 2016), 7–20; Amal Hassan Fadlalla and Howard Stein, “Gendered Insecurities, Health and Development in Africa: An Introduction,” in Gendered Insecurities, Health and Development in Africa, eds. Amal Hassan Fadlalla
点击放大图片点击缩小图片致谢我们感谢Martina Rieker博士对我们工作的指导和指导。我们也感谢《当代人类学》的编辑卡伦-苏·陶西格、艾米丽·马丁和玛丽亚·维斯佩里的慷慨编辑和反馈。注1与卡拉奇的许多事情一样,2017年人口普查的这一数字也存在争议总的来说,卡拉奇的公共交通系统有三种不同类型的公共汽车:大客车、小巴和长途客车。然而,由于车辆的数量,小巴是最常见的Kamran Asdar Ali,“妇女、工作和公共空间:卡拉奇贫困社区的冲突与共存”,《国际城市与区域研究杂志》,第36期。《中国城市交通危机》(2012),第3期:585 - 604页。Oskar Verkaaik,“卡拉奇和海得拉巴的暴力和种族认同政治”,《南亚:南亚研究杂志》,2015年第39期。4(2016): 841-854.6 2022年7月,一名信德族男子被普什图餐馆老板谋杀后,一辆公共汽车在骚乱中被烧毁阿米塔·巴维斯卡尔:《不文明的城市:德里的生态、公平和公地》(新德里:SAGE和尤达出版社,2020年),第5-6.8页。德里地铁项目初期阶段的及时交付普遍归功于E.斯里德哈兰先生,他通常被称为“地铁人”。这句话来自日本国际协力机构2014年的营销文件。斯里德哈兰强烈反对德里政府宣布让女性免费乘坐地铁Rashmi Sadana,“‘我们正在想象它’:德里地铁的理想规划和物质景观”,《城市与社会》第30期。Matti Siemiatycki,“地铁的信息:城市轨道基础设施建设与城市形象”,《国际城市与区域研究》第30期,2018。谢莉·塔拉:“公共交通中的私人空间:德里地铁的性别定位”,《经济政治周刊》第46期。Rashmi Sadana,“关于德里地铁:一个民族志的观点”,《经济与政治周刊》第45期,第71 - 74页。张志强,“城市公共交通与城市公共交通的关系研究”,《城市文化研究》第11期。李晓明,《东南亚地区的人类不安全感》,主编。Paul J. Carnegie, Victor T. King, and Zawawi Ibrahim (Singapore: Springer, 2016), 3.15 Carnegie et al.,“Introduction”;Victor T. King,“风险,不确定性,安全和信任:(重新)定位人类的不安全感”,《东南亚的人类不安全感》,Paul J. Carnegie, Victor T. King和Zawawi Ibrahim主编(新加坡:Springer, 2016),第7-20页;阿迈勒·哈桑·法德拉和霍华德·斯坦,“性别不安全,非洲的健康与发展:导论”,载于《性别不安全,非洲的健康与发展》,主编。18 .阿迈勒·哈桑·法德拉和霍华德·斯坦(纽约:劳特利奇出版社,2012),1-20.16米歇尔·福柯,《纪律与惩罚:监狱的诞生》(纽约:古着图书出版社,1995),170 - 1947:一种长袍状的衣服,通常为黑色,在许多国家穆斯林妇女穿在普通衣服外面Joshua Krook,《Us vs. Them: A case for social empathy》,阿德莱德大学法律研究(2014):2018-2089。https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=300914619 Iris Marion Young, Justice and Politics of Difference(普林斯顿,新泽西州:普林斯顿大学出版社,1990),136-141.20德里首席部长在2019年宣布公共交通(公共汽车和地铁)将对女性乘客免费。虽然它已经在公共汽车上实现了,但它从未在地铁上实现过金,《风险、不确定性、安全与信任》,9.22金,《风险、不确定性、安全与信任》,13.23 Ania Loomba和Ritty A. Lukose,《南亚女性主义:当代干预》,《南亚女性主义》编。Ania Loomba和Ritty A. Lukose (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012), 25。关于投稿人的说明ferya Ilyas和Mridula Garg分别是来自巴基斯坦和印度的跨学科专业人士,致力于与城市流动性相关的主题。他们在斯图加特大学(德国)和艾因沙姆斯大学(埃及)攻读综合城市主义和可持续设计硕士学位时相遇,在那里他们开始了对卡拉奇公交车和德里地铁的研究。在他们的论文中,他们探讨了性别如何与城市流动性相互作用,反之亦然。在这项工作的基础上,他们发表了一篇关于改造公共交通系统作为性别和气候正义的冷却基础设施的文章(Safetipin 2021),并在PUTSPACE会议上发表了关于公共交通的不安全感和监控的演讲。 Ferya对反父权制、反殖民主义和反资本主义的斗争感兴趣,曾在巴基斯坦当过记者,现在是德国海港城市大学的研究员。姆里杜拉是一位热衷于徒步旅行的人,对女权主义和反种姓的生存方式和城市建设感兴趣,她在德里接受过建筑师培训,现在正在加州大学欧文分校攻读人类学博士学位。Mridula GargFerya Ilyas和Mridula Garg分别是来自巴基斯坦和印度的跨学科专业人士,致力于与城市交通相关的主题。他们在斯图加特大学(德国)和艾因沙姆斯大学(埃及)攻读综合城市主义和可持续设计硕士学位时相遇,在那里他们开始了对卡拉奇公交车和德里地铁的研究。在他们的论文中,他们探讨了性别如何与城市流动性相互作用,反之亦然。在这项工作的基础上,他们发表了一篇关于改造公共交通系统作为性别和气候正义的冷却基础设施的文章(Safetipin 2021),并在PUTSPACE会议上发表了关于公共交通的不安全感和监控的演讲。Ferya对反父权制、反殖民主义和反资本主义的斗争感兴趣,曾在巴基斯坦当过记者,现在是德国海港城市大学的研究员。姆里杜拉是一位热衷于徒步旅行的人,对女权主义和反种姓的生存方式和城市建设感兴趣,她在德里接受过建筑师培训,现在正在加州大学欧文分校攻读人类学博士学位。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching with ChatGPT: Critiquing Generative Artificial Intelligence from the Classroom 用ChatGPT教学:从课堂上批判生成式人工智能
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230098
Lisa Messeri
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. Over the past few years, these technologies each had moments of promise. Facebook rebranded to Meta to hype up “the metaverse”—an immersive virtual world—as the successor to the internet. One of the presumed technologies enabling the metaverse was the blockchain, whose best-known application is cryptocurrency. NFTs experienced a bubble of interest and also served to inflate crypto, because NFTs are blockchain technologies. Significantly, because these three technologies are interlocking, as one faltered (for example, the crypto exchange FTX’s bankruptcy), they all faltered. It was amidst this floundering that generative AI began making a splash.2. Lisa Messeri, In the Land of the Unreal: Virtual and Other Realities in Los Angeles (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, Still forthcoming).3. James Vincent, “Watch Jordan Peele Use AI to Make Barack Obama Deliver a PSA about Fake News,” The Verge, April 17, 2018. https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2018/4/17/17247334/ai-fake-news-video-barack-obama-jordan-peele-buzzfeed4. https://chat.openai.com/ accessed August 3, 2023.5. Neda Atanasoski and Kalindi Vora, Surrogate Humanity: Race, Robots, and the Politics of Technological Futures (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019).6. Emily M. Bender, Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major, and Shmargaret Shmitchell, “On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?,” in Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, FAccT ‘21 (New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2021), 610–623. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.34459227. Dan McQuillan, “ChatGPT: The World’s Largest Bullshit Machine,” Transforming Society, February 10, 2023. https://www.transformingsociety.co.uk/2023/02/10/chatgpt-the-worlds-largest-bullshit-machine/8. Ian Bogost, “The First Year of AI College Ends in Ruin,” The Atlantic, May 16, 2023. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/05/chatbot-cheating-college-campuses/674073/; Christopher DeLuca, Don A. Klinger, and Louis Volante, “ChatGPT and Cheating: 5 Ways to Change How Students Are Graded,” The Conversation, February 27, 2023, http://theconversation.com/chatgpt-and-cheating-5-ways-to-change-how-students-are-graded-200248; Owen Kichizo Terry, “I’m a Student. You Have No Idea How Much We’re Using ChatGPT,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 12, 2023. https://www.chronicle.com/article/im-a-student-you-have-no-idea-how-much-were-using-chatgpt; Suzy Weiss, “Dishonor Code: What Happens When Cheating Becomes the Norm?,” The Free Press, February 28, 2023. https://www.thefp.com/p/dishonor-code-what-happens-when-cheating9. Leo Marx, “‘Technology’: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept,” Social Research 64, no. 3 (1997): 965–988.Additional informationNotes on contributorsLisa MesseriLisa Messeri is an assistant professor of anthropology at Yale University. She researches the practices and imaginaries of contemporary sci
单击可增大图像大小单击可减小图像大小注1。在过去的几年里,这些技术都曾有过希望。Facebook重新命名为Meta,以宣传“虚拟世界”——一个沉浸式的虚拟世界——作为互联网的继承者。区块链是实现虚拟世界的假定技术之一,其最著名的应用是加密货币。由于nft是区块链技术,因此nft经历了兴趣泡沫,也有助于加密货币膨胀。值得注意的是,由于这三种技术是相互关联的,当一种技术出现问题时(例如,加密交易所FTX的破产),它们都会出现问题。正是在这种挣扎中,生成人工智能开始引起轰动。2 .丽莎·梅塞里,《在虚幻的土地上:洛杉矶的虚拟和其他现实》(达勒姆,北卡罗来纳州:杜克大学出版社,即将出版)。詹姆斯·文森特,“看乔丹·皮尔用人工智能让巴拉克·奥巴马发表关于假新闻的PSA”,2018年4月17日,The Verge。https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2018/4/17/17247334/ai-fake-news-video-barack-obama-jordan-peele-buzzfeed4。https://chat.openai.com/访问日期:2023.5年8月3日。6. Neda Atanasoski和Kalindi Vora,代理人类:种族,机器人和技术未来的政治(北卡罗来纳州达勒姆:杜克大学出版社,2019)。Emily M. Bender, Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major和Shmargaret Shmitchell,《论随机鹦鹉的危险:语言模型是否太大?》,“2011年ACM公平、问责和透明度会议论文集,FAccT ' 21(纽约:美国计算机协会,2021),610-623。”https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.34459227。Dan McQuillan,《ChatGPT:世界上最大的扯淡机器》,《变革社会》,2023年2月10日。https://www.transformingsociety.co.uk/2023/02/10/chatgpt-the-worlds-largest-bullshit-machine/8。Ian Bogost,《人工智能大学的第一年以毁灭告终》,《大西洋月刊》,2023年5月16日。https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/05/chatbot-cheating-college-campuses/674073/;Christopher DeLuca, Don A. Klinger和Louis Volante,“聊天和作弊:改变学生评分的5种方法”,《对话》,2023年2月27日,http://theconversation.com/chatgpt-and-cheating-5-ways-to-change-how-students-are-graded-200248;Owen Kichizo Terry:“我是一名学生。你不知道我们用了多少次ChatGPT,”高等教育纪事报,2023年5月12日。https://www.chronicle.com/article/im-a-student-you-have-no-idea-how-much-were-using-chatgpt;Suzy Weiss,《耻辱准则:当欺骗成为常态时会发生什么?》,《自由出版社》,2023年2月28日。https://www.thefp.com/p/dishonor-code-what-happens-when-cheating9。“技术”:一个危险概念的出现”,《社会研究》第64期。3(1997): 965-988。作者简介:lisa Messeri是耶鲁大学人类学助理教授。她研究当代科学家和创新者的实践和想象,感兴趣的是他们的工作如何影响我们如何理解人类的意义以及在这个世界上的意义。她的第一本书《放置外层空间》探讨了行星科学家和系外行星天文学家如何将行星从科学对象转变为地方和世界。她即将出版的新书《在虚幻之地》(In the Land of the Unreal)将幻想和技术编织在一起,使洛杉矶的虚拟现实社区活跃起来。
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引用次数: 0
Caring (Enough) to Kill: On Making Meat and Eating Well in Rural Egypt 关心(足够)杀死:在埃及农村做肉和吃得好
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230084
Noha Fikry
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsI thank Amira Mittermaier, Naisargi Davé, Sara Salih and Zoë Wool for their support during the various phases and renditions of this article.Notes1. Cited in María Puig de la Bellacasa, Matters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More than Human Worlds (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017), 3.2. John Hartigan, Care of the Species: Races of Corn and the Science of Plant Biodiversity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017), xvii.3. Cited in Thom Van Doreen, Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014), 83.4. Garry Marvin, “Wild Killing: Contesting the Animal in Hunting”, in Killing Animals, ed. The Animal Studies Group (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006), 20.5. Donald Winnicott, Collected Papers: Through Pediatrics in Psychoanalysis (London: Tavistock, 1958), 157–173.6. Cited in Joanna Kellond, Donald Winnicott and the Politics of Care (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), 145.7. Sarra Tlili, Animals in the Quran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 237.8. Tlili, Animals in the Quran, 91.9. Tlili, Animals in the Quran, 253.10. Ibrahim Abdul-Matin, Green Deen: What Islam Teaches about Protecting the Planet (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2010), 143–144.11. The Quran, 2:168.12. Boğaç Ergene and Febe Armanios, Halal Food: A History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), 110.13. During fieldwork, “eating well” always included meat, home-reared trusted meat in particular. Since I shared with my interlocutors that I only eat chickens and no fish or red meat, they repeatedly took me as an example of someone who does not eat well. My interlocutors believed that I would only be able to eat well—thus eat meat—when I rear my own meat and thus trust and know where the meat I eat comes from. It would be interesting to historicize this definition of “well” as it pertains to eating meat within Islamic history. For example, Boğaç Ergene and Febe Armanios pointed out that in the time of prophet Muhammad, animal flesh was a rare source of nourishment: Camels were very prevalent, but they played many roles, and humans only slaughtered them when they had no other alternative. In fact, early Muslims viewed meat with suspicion and associated it with health problems and exuberance. In a medieval commentary, the fourth Sunni Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib is quoted to have instructed: “Do not allow your stomachs to become graveyards for animals”; Ergene and Armanios, Halal Food: A History, 33.14. Abdul-Matin, Green Deen, 147.15. Ahmed Wally, Grain and Feed Annual: Egypt Is Able to Secure Supply of Grains during the COVID-19 Pandemic (United States Department of Agriculture). Last modified March 17, 2021. https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName = Grain + and + Feed + Annual_Cairo_Egypt_03-15-2021.pdf16. Jen Del Carmen, Egyptian Customers Continue to Benef
感谢Amira Mittermaier、Naisargi dav、Sara Salih和Zoë Wool在本文的各个阶段和版本中给予的支持。引自María Puig de la Bellacasa,关注事项:超越人类世界的投机伦理(明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社,2017),3.2。约翰·哈蒂根:《物种关怀:玉米品种与植物生物多样性科学》(明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社,2017),第18页。引自汤姆·范·多林,《飞行方式:濒临灭绝的生命与损失》(纽约:哥伦比亚大学出版社,2014),83.4页。加里·马文,《野生杀戮:在狩猎中与动物较量》,《杀戮动物》,动物研究小组编辑(厄巴纳:伊利诺伊大学出版社,2006),20.5页。Donald Winnicott,文集:通过精神分析中的儿科(伦敦:Tavistock, 1958), 157-173.6。引自乔安娜·凯隆,唐纳德·温尼科特和关心的政治(Cham,瑞士:Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), 145.7。萨拉·特里利:《古兰经中的动物》(剑桥:剑桥大学出版社,2012),237.8页。《古兰经中的动物》,91.9。《古兰经中的动物》,253.10。易卜拉欣·阿卜杜勒·马丁,《绿色Deen:伊斯兰教如何保护地球》(加州奥克兰:贝雷特-科勒出版社,2010),143-144.11页。《古兰经》2:16 . 8。Boğaç Ergene和Febe Armanios,清真食品:历史(纽约:牛津大学出版社,2018),110.13。在实地考察期间,“吃得好”总是包括肉类,尤其是家庭饲养的可靠肉类。因为我和我的对话者说我只吃鸡,不吃鱼和红肉,他们一再把我当作不吃好的人的例子。我的对话者相信,只有当我自己养肉,相信并知道我吃的肉来自哪里时,我才能吃得好——也就是吃肉。将“好”的定义历史化将是一件有趣的事情,因为它与伊斯兰历史中吃肉有关。例如,Boğaç Ergene和Febe Armanios指出,在先知穆罕默德的时代,动物肉是一种罕见的营养来源:骆驼非常普遍,但它们扮演着许多角色,人类只有在别无选择的情况下才会屠杀它们。事实上,早期的穆斯林对肉类持怀疑态度,并将其与健康问题和繁荣联系在一起。在一篇中世纪的评论中,第四任逊尼派哈里发阿里·伊本·阿比·塔利布(Ali ibn Abi Talib)曾被引述说:“不要让你的胃成为动物的墓地”;Ergene和Armanios,清真食品:历史,33.14。abdul - martin, Green Deen, 147.15。艾哈迈德·沃利,粮食和饲料年度:埃及能够在COVID-19大流行期间确保粮食供应(美国农业部)。最后修改日期:2021年3月17日。https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName =谷物+和+饲料+ Annual_Cairo_Egypt_03-15-2021.pdf16。Jen Del Carmen,埃及客户继续受益于美国大豆出口委员会(SEC)项目的技术支持。最后修改日期:2021年10月19日。https://ussec.org/egyptian-customers-continue-to-benefit-from-u-s-soys-technical-support-sec-programs/17。美国大豆出口委员会,“埃及家禽客户感谢美国大豆的技术支持。”最后修改2018年12月17日。https://ussec.org/egyptian-poultry-customers-technical-support-u-s-soy/18。Shaza Roushdy,《2018年牲畜和产品年鉴:埃及牛肉价格稳定,2019年消费量和进口量将上升》(美国农业部)。最后修改日期:2018年9月19日。https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/report/downloadreportbyfilename?filename =家畜%20和%20产品%20Mariano J. Beillard和Shaza Omar,牲畜和产品年度2020(美国农业部)。最后修改日期2020年9月22日。https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName =牲畜%20和%20产品%20Annual_Cairo_Egypt_09-01-202020。Mada Masr,“变质肉类丑闻后,埃及推迟批准巴西肉类进口。”最后修改:2017年3月23日。https://www.madamasr.com/en/2017/03/23/news/u/egypt-delays-approval-for-brazilian-meat-imports-after-spoiled-meat-scandal/21。Sally Madhvi,《埃及因农药问题停止进口水牛肉》,《经济时报》。最后修改日期:2020年11月20日https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/egypt-stops-buffalo-meat-imports-over-pesticide-concerns/articleshow/79326052.cms?from = mdr22。Beillard and Omar,家畜和产品年度2020,6。本研究得到了多伦多大学城市环境研究中心基金的支持。作者简介noha Fikry noha Fikry是加拿大多伦多大学人类学系人类学博士研究生。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropology Has One Job (On Genocide in the United States) 人类学只有一项工作(关于美国的种族灭绝)
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230096
David Shane Lowry
In an introductory anthropology course, the instructor might provide a definition of anthropology similar to this: “Anthropology is the most scientific of the humanities, and it is the most humanistic of the sciences.” If something like that is said, it stems from a statement in Anthropology, a 1964 book by famed anthropologist eric Wolf in which he attempted to define the discipline. Wolf ’s approach came at a time when many anthropologists were attempting to intervene in the historical telling of the world.1 In particular, Wolf argued that non-europeans were also participants in global, colonial processes. The value of Wolf ’s voice—indeed, the value of most anthropology at the time—was that it offered a wide-scale view of human events for which the anthropologist was merely an observer, hence not responsible. on that note, the instructor might explain that anthropology is a discipline that is global and universal in nature, yet personal. Though anthropologists describe the world, they also describe everything in the human body, all the way down to the level of the chromosome. Anthropology is about everything and does everything. However, I would argue that anthropology’s breadth—its ability to say that it studies everything—distracts us all from its roots in bad behaviors and policies. What Wolf never explained—what anthropology’s leaders haven’t properly dealt with over the decades—is that anthropology practiced in the United States began in processes to disempower and dehumanize American Indian (native American, Indigenous) peoples. While churches and the U.S. federal government spent stolen resources to build boarding schools where they forced American Indian people to cut their hair and stop speaking their languages, anthropologists such as Franz Boas, edward Sapir and Alfred Kroeber collected recordings of their Indigenous languages before they disappeared under the weight of these educational policies.2 At best, anthropology in the United States was funded by the residual profits of genocide.
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引用次数: 0
Traveling Together and Journeying Apart, Revisiting Highway 一起旅行,分开旅行,重温高速公路
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230099
Riddhi Bhandari
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsA special thank you to friend, colleague and sociologist Sriti Ganguly, and my partner, Sid, with whom I am lucky to share a love of Bollywood cinema. Gratitude to Rachel Cantave and Zaheer Abbas for helping find a copy of the film and offering feedback—it truly takes a village.Notes1 Ali, Imtiaz, Highway is a Hindi-language Bollywood film directed by Imtiaz Ali and produced by Sajid Nadiawala. It had a theatrical release in 2014 and stars Alia Bhatt and Randeep Hooda. For more information, see https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2980794/. (UTV Motion Pictures, 2014). The film is available for purchase in the United States in DVD format on Amazon and can be streamed in India on the OTT platform Hotstar.2 Most other and recent coming-of-age stories are centered around the growing up of male protagonists. For example, Mukherji, Ayan, Wake Up Sid (Dharma Productions, 2009) https://www.netflix.com/title/70123119, Ali, Imtiaz, director. Love Aaj Kal, (Eros International, 2009) https://www.primevideo.com/dp/amzn1.dv.gti.6aba5a5d-3e27-0474-1ca3-2072d14054f6?autoplay=0&ref_=atv_cf_strg_wb, and Rockstar (Eros International, 2011) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3y6xksjre4. Road movies, rare in Bollywood, have focused on male friends who travel together and rediscover themselves and their friendships. Two prominent ones are Akhtar, Farhan, Dil Chahta Hai (Yash Raj Films, 2001) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTAWi0El5E0, Akhtar, Zoya, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (Eros International, 2011) https://www.netflix.com/title/70202336, and even Akhtar, Zoya, Dil Dhadakne Do (Eros International, 2015) https://www.netflix.com/title/80057585, a film about a family and their friends on a cruise with the son’s growth arc as the focus.3 Kathinka Frøystad, “Anonymous Encounters: Class Categorisation and Social Distancing in Public Places,” in The Meaning of the Local: Politics of Place in Urban India, ed. Henrike Donner and Geert De Neve (London: Routledge, 2011), 159–181; Surinder Jodhka, Caste in Contemporary India (New Delhi: Routledge, 2015); M. N. Srinivas, “Caste in Modern India,” The Journal of Asian Studies 16, no. 4 (1957): 529–548.4 Pierre Bourdieu, “The Forms of Capital,” in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, ed. John Richardson (New York: Greenwood, 1986), 241–258; Frøystad, “Anonymous Encounters,” 2011.5 Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (London: Routledge, 2002); Louis Dumont, “Homo Hierarchicus,” Social Science Information, 8, no. 2 (1969): 69–87.6 Gopal Guru, editor, Humiliation: Claims and Contexts (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2009); Anand Teltumbde, The Persistence of Caste: The Khairlanji Murders and India’s Hidden Apartheid (London: Zed Books, 2010).Additional informationNotes on contributorsRiddhi BhandariRiddhi Bhandari is an anthropologist with research interests in everyday economic practices, aspiratio
我要特别感谢我的朋友、同事和社会学家siti Ganguly,以及我的伴侣Sid,我很幸运能与他们分享对宝莱坞电影的热爱。感谢Rachel Cantave和Zaheer Abbas帮忙找到电影的拷贝并提供反馈——这真的需要一个村庄。《Ali, Imtiaz, Highway》是一部印度语宝莱坞电影,由Imtiaz Ali执导,Sajid Nadiawala制作。这部电影于2014年上映,由阿丽娅·巴特和兰迪普·胡达主演。欲了解更多信息,请访问https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2980794/。(UTV Motion Pictures, 2014)。这部电影在美国可以在亚马逊上购买DVD格式,在印度可以在OTT平台hotstar上播放。大多数其他和最近的成长故事都围绕着男主角的成长展开。例如Mukherji, Ayan, Wake Up Sid (Dharma Productions, 2009) https://www.netflix.com/title/70123119, Ali, Imtiaz,导演。Love Aaj Kal, (Eros International, 2009) https://www.primevideo.com/dp/amzn1.dv.gti.6aba5a5d-3e27-0474-1ca3-2072d14054f6?autoplay=0&ref_=atv_cf_strg_wb和Rockstar (Eros International, 2011) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3y6xksjre4。公路电影在宝莱坞很少见,它们关注的是男性朋友一起旅行,重新发现自己和他们的友谊。两个突出的是Akhtar, Farhan, Dil Chahta Hai (Yash Raj Films, 2001) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTAWi0El5E0, Akhtar, Zoya, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (Eros International, 2011) https://www.netflix.com/title/70202336,甚至Akhtar, Zoya, Dil Dhadakne Do (Eros International, 2015) https://www.netflix.com/title/80057585,这是一部关于一个家庭和他们的朋友在游轮上以儿子的成长弧线为重点的电影Kathinka Frøystad,“匿名相遇:公共场所的阶级分类和社会距离”,载于《地方的意义:印度城市的地方政治》,Henrike Donner和Geert De Neve主编(伦敦:Routledge出版社,2011),159-181;苏林德·乔德卡:《当代印度的种姓》(新德里:劳特利奇出版社,2015);M. N.斯里尼瓦斯,《现代印度的种姓制度》,《亚洲研究杂志》,第16期。皮埃尔·布迪厄:《资本的形式》,见约翰·理查森主编的《教育社会学理论与研究手册》(纽约:格林伍德出版社,1986),第241-258页;玛丽·道格拉斯:《纯净与危险:污染与禁忌的概念分析》(伦敦:劳特利奇出版社,2002);路易斯·杜蒙,《等级人》,《社会科学信息》第8期,第2期。2(1969): 69-87.6戈帕尔古鲁,编辑,羞辱:索赔和上下文(新德里:牛津大学出版社,2009);Anand Teltumbde,种姓的持续:Khairlanji谋杀案和印度隐藏的种族隔离(伦敦:Zed Books, 2010)。附加信息贡献者说明riddhi Bhandari riddhi Bhandari是一位人类学家,主要研究当代印度的日常经济实践、抱负和企业文化。目前,她正在进行两个研究项目:旅游创业和数字自助大师。她是O.P.金达尔全球大学文科和人文学院的助理教授,也是尼赫鲁纪念博物馆和图书馆的初级研究员,她正在那里撰写关于自由化后印度旅游业创业的书籍手稿。
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引用次数: 0
Framing Holism: Sinker, Line and Hook 框架整体论:伸卡、线和钩
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230102
Jennifer Cool
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsThis essay was adapted from a presentation for the session “Theorizing the General in General Anthropology during Unsettling Times,” delivered at the 2022 American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington. I thank Rebekah Cupitt, our intrepid session organizer; Lisa Gezon, our deft and generous discussant; and my brilliant co-presenters Beth Reddy, Kathryn Kozaitis, Jennifer Carlson and Conrad Kottak. They have all served on the GAD board and each has a salient take on general anthropology that I hope they will share in coming issues.Notes1 Gram Parsons (1973). GP. Wally Heider Studio 4, Hollywood, California.2 Marilyn Strathern, “Out of Context: The Persuasive Fictions of Anthropology,” Current Anthropology 28, no. 3 (1987), pp. 251–281.3 Susan Squires, “Customer Research in the Product Development and Design Industry,” in Creating Breakthrough Ideas: The Collaboration of Anthropologists and Designers in the Product Development Industry, eds. S. Squires and B. Byrne, (Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2002), 103–124.4 Ann Jordan, Business Anthropology (Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2013), 91.5 Jordan, Business Anthropology, 98.6 Jordan, Business Anthropology, 126.7 Nils Bubandt and Ton Otto, editors, Experiments in Holism (Oxford: Blackwell, 2012), 1.8 Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 407.9 Anna Tsing, “Worlding the Matsutake Diaspora: Or, Can Actor-Network Theory Experiment with Holism?,” in Experiments in Holism, eds. Nils Bubandt and Ton Otto (Oxford: Blackwell, 2012), 47.10 Tsing, “Worlding the Matsutake Diaspora,” 50.11 Tsing, “Worlding the Matsutake Diaspora,” 64.Additional informationNotes on contributorsJennifer CoolJennifer Cool is associate teaching professor of anthropology at the University of Southern California. She is president emerita of the General Anthropology Division (GAD) of the American Anthropological Association and has served on the GAD Board since 2009: as co-chair of CASTAC (Committee for the Anthropology of Science, Technology, and Computing), as communications officer and as president.
点击放大图片点击缩小图片致谢本文改编自在华盛顿州西雅图举行的2022年美国人类学协会年会上发表的题为“不安时期普通人类学中的一般理论”的演讲。我感谢丽贝卡·卡皮特,我们勇敢的会议组织者;Lisa Gezon,我们老练而慷慨的讨论者;以及我杰出的搭档贝丝·雷迪、凯瑟琳·科扎蒂斯、詹妮弗·卡尔森和康拉德·科塔克。他们都在GAD董事会任职,每个人都对一般人类学有一个突出的看法,我希望他们能在接下来的问题中分享。注1格拉姆·帕森斯(1973)。全科医生。玛丽莲·斯特拉森,“脱离语境:人类学的有说服力的虚构”,《当代人类学》28期,第2期。Susan Squires,“产品开发和设计行业中的客户研究”,《创造突破性理念:产品开发行业中人类学家和设计师的合作》,主编。S. Squires和B. Byrne, (Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2002), 103-124.4 Ann Jordan,《商业人类学》(Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2013), 91.5 Jordan,《商业人类学》,98.6 Jordan,《商业人类学》,126.7 Nils Bubandt和Ton Otto,主编,《整体主义的实验》(Oxford: Blackwell, 2012), 1.8 Clifford Geertz,《文化的解释》(New York: Basic Books, 1973), 407.9 Anna青松,《散居的松枝:或者,演员网络理论可以实验整体主义吗?》,见《整体论的实验》,主编。Nils Bubandt和Ton Otto (Oxford: Blackwell, 2012), 47.10 Tsing,“松茸散居的世界”,50.11 Tsing,“松茸散居的世界”,64。作者简介jennifer Cool是南加州大学人类学副教授。她是美国人类学协会普通人类学部(GAD)的名誉主席,自2009年以来一直担任GAD董事会成员:担任科学、技术和计算人类学委员会(CASTAC)的联合主席、通讯官和主席。
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引用次数: 0
Words, Like Viruses, Spill Over. Consider “Porn” 语言就像病毒一样,会蔓延开来。考虑“色情”
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230089
Robert Myers
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsSpecial thanks to Rylan Higgins for his insightful editing and to Rylan, Jenny Cool, Kanwalbir Sunny Sekhon and Rosina Morelli Walsh for their thoughtful contributions.Notes1. David Quammen, Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012). Expert opinion even divides on the conundrum of whether viruses are alive. If they aren’t, then at the very least they’re mechanistic shortcuts on the principle of life itself.” (p. 263-64). Words are living only metaphorically s people use them.2. Joseph Osmundson, “The Thin Line Between Sickness and Health,” The Atlantic, June 8, 2022. https://www.theatlantic.com/books/archive/2022/06/coronavirus-hiv-illness-books-virology/661198/3. William Safire, “Porn Beyond Sex,” New York Times, November 5, 2002. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/05/magazine/05wwln_safire.html4. https://www.oed.com/dictionary/pornography_n5. https://www.oed.com/dictionary/pornography_n6. Philippe Bourgois, In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996).7. Nicholas Kristoff, “The Children of Pornhub,” New York Times, December 4, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/04/opinion/sunday/pornhub-rape-trafficking.html8. Sheelah Kolhatkar, “The Fight to Hold Pornhub Accountable,” New Yorker, June 13, 2022. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/06/20/the-fight-to-hold-pornhub-accountable9. Bernadette Barton, The Pornification of America: How Raunch Culture Is Ruining Our Society (New York: New York University Press, 2021).10. Cecilia Kang, “Three-Quarters of Kids Have Seen Online Pornography by Age 17,” New York Times, January 10, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/10/technology/porn-”-online-report.html?searchResultPosition=1.11. Pornucopia: Going Down in the Valley, 2004, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0437743/.12. A. O. Scott, “”’Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn’ Review: No Sex Please, We’re Romanian,” New York Times, November 18, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/18/movies/bad-luck-banging-or-loony-porn-review.html13. David Sims, Sophie Gilbert, and Lenika Cruz, “Mad Men: A Toast to Light Beer and Octopus Porn,” The Atlantic, May 4, 2015. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/05/mad-men-recap-lost-horizon/392291/14. Molly Fitzpatrick, “Did You Catch the Return of Peggy’s Octopus in the ‘Mad Men’ Finale?” Splinter, May 19, 2015. https://splinternews.com/did-you-catch-the-return-of-peggys-octopus-in-the-mad-m-179384783715. Marco Benoit Carbone, “Beauty and the Octopus: Close Encounters with the Other-than-Human,” Jon Hackett; Seán Harrington (eds.). Beasts of the Deep. Sea Creatures and Popular Cultures. Barnet, Herts: John Libbey, 2018. Chapter 4, pp. 59–76, https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/2004316. “17 Things Stella Young Wanted You to Know,” Australian ABC Net News Ramp Up, December 8, 2014. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-08/17-things-stella-young-wanted-
30.C. Thi Nguyen、Bekka Williams:《为什么我们称其为“色情”》,《纽约时报》2019年7月26日。https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/26/opinion/sunday/porn.html?searchResultPosition=131。John McWhorter,“文字的秘密生活”,纽约时报,2023年1月10日。https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/10/opinion/words-language-meaning-evolution.htmlAdditional信息贡献者说明罗伯特·迈尔斯罗伯特·迈尔斯是纽约阿尔弗雷德大学人类学和公共卫生名誉教授。他的学术重点一直是研究美国文化,尤其是有趣和暴力的主题,同时关注语言模式,包括枪语和战争语隐喻。他是美国人类学协会一般人类学部门的前任主席,在尼日利亚的富布赖特高级奖学金中度过了两年,近年来一直在探索努纳武特,格陵兰岛,阿拉斯加和斯瓦尔巴群岛的北极社区。
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Editor’s Note Editor’s音符
Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19428200.2023.2230101
Karen-Sue Taussig
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期刊
Anthropology now
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