Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00229
S. Kadry, Maryam Kbaysi, Suhad Al-Safadi, Dareen Al-Bakri
Everyone has different stress triggers, work stress tops the list. According to surveys 40% of United States workers admit to experience office stress, and one -quarter say work is the biggest source of stress in their lives.1 Stress in everyday terms is a feeling that people have when they are overloaded and struggling to cope with demands which are related to finances, work, relationships and other situations.2 According to the annual stress survey conducted by the American Psychological Association (APA) average stress levels in the United States (U.S) raised from 4.9 to 5.1 on a scale from 1 to 10 in 2015 the main reasons given are employment and money.3
{"title":"Stress causes and outcomes statistical analysis","authors":"S. Kadry, Maryam Kbaysi, Suhad Al-Safadi, Dareen Al-Bakri","doi":"10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00229","url":null,"abstract":"Everyone has different stress triggers, work stress tops the list. According to surveys 40% of United States workers admit to experience office stress, and one -quarter say work is the biggest source of stress in their lives.1 Stress in everyday terms is a feeling that people have when they are overloaded and struggling to cope with demands which are related to finances, work, relationships and other situations.2 According to the annual stress survey conducted by the American Psychological Association (APA) average stress levels in the United States (U.S) raised from 4.9 to 5.1 on a scale from 1 to 10 in 2015 the main reasons given are employment and money.3","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81080535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-11DOI: 10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00236
Sammer M Marzouk
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly in the family Drosophilidae. The alpha–amylase system of Drosophila is one of the most intensively examined systems of genes in the field of evolutionary research. Alpha–amylase (EC 3.2.1.1, alpha–1,4– glucan–4–glucanohydrolase) is a digestive enzyme. Its role in the digestive process is to break down starch into glucose and maltose to produce energy. There are six major and minor isozymes of amylase that have been recorded in natural populations of D. melanogaster (Inomata & Yamazaki T).1 Amylase activity is repressed by its produce, glucose, and maltose. It is induced by the substrate starch. Population genetic surveys provide information about the molecular characterization of fitness–related genes upon which natural selection acts. Differences in activity levels and the inducibility has been recorded within and between species. This variation is caused because of a mRNA abundance. However, the difference in the catalytic efficiency of an individual izozymer contributes to the recorded differences in activity between and within species. In addition to the differences in inducibility, differences in developmental and organ– specific expression have been recorded Popadić et al.2
{"title":"The molecular evolution of amylase duplicates genes in D. melanogaster group","authors":"Sammer M Marzouk","doi":"10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00236","url":null,"abstract":"Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly in the family Drosophilidae. The alpha–amylase system of Drosophila is one of the most intensively examined systems of genes in the field of evolutionary research. Alpha–amylase (EC 3.2.1.1, alpha–1,4– glucan–4–glucanohydrolase) is a digestive enzyme. Its role in the digestive process is to break down starch into glucose and maltose to produce energy. There are six major and minor isozymes of amylase that have been recorded in natural populations of D. melanogaster (Inomata & Yamazaki T).1 Amylase activity is repressed by its produce, glucose, and maltose. It is induced by the substrate starch. Population genetic surveys provide information about the molecular characterization of fitness–related genes upon which natural selection acts. Differences in activity levels and the inducibility has been recorded within and between species. This variation is caused because of a mRNA abundance. However, the difference in the catalytic efficiency of an individual izozymer contributes to the recorded differences in activity between and within species. In addition to the differences in inducibility, differences in developmental and organ– specific expression have been recorded Popadić et al.2","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87750466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-10DOI: 10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00228
P. Valcheva, T. Oliveira
Design of experiments (DOE) is an important branch of applied statistics that deals with planning, conducting of the experiment, analyzing and interpreting final results. It combines mathematical and statistical tools, which aim at constructing optimal designs to be tested. Due to the widely application during recent decades, this science is strongly spread in many areas such as optimization, process quality control as well as product performance prediction.
{"title":"Some combinatorial structures in experimental design: overview, statistical models and applications","authors":"P. Valcheva, T. Oliveira","doi":"10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00228","url":null,"abstract":"Design of experiments (DOE) is an important branch of applied statistics that deals with planning, conducting of the experiment, analyzing and interpreting final results. It combines mathematical and statistical tools, which aim at constructing optimal designs to be tested. Due to the widely application during recent decades, this science is strongly spread in many areas such as optimization, process quality control as well as product performance prediction.","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77431418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-08DOI: 10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00227
P. Meffert, J. Kühn, Baumeister Se, M. Lerch, J. Mayerle, H. Völzke
For the common rs738409 C>G SNP, which is located in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), a strong association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been detected [1], approved [2-8] and expanded to an association with liver-fat content in general [8-13] and serum transaminase levels [14]. Also an association to a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis in NAFLD patients has been shown [15]. Transaminase levels, particularly of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), are strong indicators of hepatic steatosis [16] as well as of cardio-metabolic risks [17] and are associated with mortality even within their reference ranges [18]. Yet, a small number of studies reported gene-environment interactions for rs738409. Recently it has been shown that the G allele of rs738409 is associated with lower serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and higher ALT levels in overweight individuals only [19]. Children with the minor G allele had more liver fat per unit omega-fat intake than major homozygous children [20]. In another study, sugar and carbohydrate intake in Hispanic children was positively related to hepatic fat fraction in GG carriers but not in CG and CC carriers [21].
常见的rs738409 C>G SNP位于patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3)中，非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)已被发现[1]，并被批准[2-8]，并扩展到与肝脏脂肪含量[8-13]和血清转氨酶水平[14]的相关性。此外，NAFLD患者进展为肝硬化的风险较高也有相关研究[15]。转氨酶水平，尤其是谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平，是肝脏脂肪变性[16]和心脏代谢风险的重要指标[17]，即使在其参考范围内，也与死亡率相关[18]。然而，少数研究报道了rs738409基因与环境的相互作用。最近有研究表明，仅在超重个体中，rs738409的G等位基因与较低的血清甘油三酯和胆固醇水平以及较高的ALT水平有关[19]。携带小G等位基因的儿童比携带大G等位基因的儿童每单位摄入omega-脂肪的肝脏脂肪要多[20]。在另一项研究中，西班牙裔儿童的糖和碳水化合物摄入量与GG携带者的肝脏脂肪分数呈正相关，而与CG和CC携带者无关[21]。
{"title":"Effects of the PNPLA3–SNP rs738409 on Serum Transaminase levels are modified by body mass index and alcohol consumption","authors":"P. Meffert, J. Kühn, Baumeister Se, M. Lerch, J. Mayerle, H. Völzke","doi":"10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00227","url":null,"abstract":"For the common rs738409 C>G SNP, which is located in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), a strong association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been detected [1], approved [2-8] and expanded to an association with liver-fat content in general [8-13] and serum transaminase levels [14]. Also an association to a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis in NAFLD patients has been shown [15]. Transaminase levels, particularly of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), are strong indicators of hepatic steatosis [16] as well as of cardio-metabolic risks [17] and are associated with mortality even within their reference ranges [18]. Yet, a small number of studies reported gene-environment interactions for rs738409. Recently it has been shown that the G allele of rs738409 is associated with lower serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and higher ALT levels in overweight individuals only [19]. Children with the minor G allele had more liver fat per unit omega-fat intake than major homozygous children [20]. In another study, sugar and carbohydrate intake in Hispanic children was positively related to hepatic fat fraction in GG carriers but not in CG and CC carriers [21].","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72788730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-06DOI: 10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00226
S. Kadry, Carla Sleem, R. A. Samad
Women of fertile age and pregnant-lactating as well as their infants and young children are particularly affected with iron deficiency and its anemia resulting in serious health and functional consequences. It is estimated that about 2,150million people are iron deficient, and that this deficiency is severe enough to cause anemia in 1,200million people globally. About 90% of all anemias have an iron deficiency component. Roughly 47% of non-pregnant women and 60% of pregnant women have anemia worldwide, and including iron deficiency without anemia the figures may approach 60 and 90% respectively. In the industrial world as a whole, anemia prevalence during pregnancy averages 18%, and over 30% of these populations suffer from iron deficiency.2
{"title":"Hemoglobin levels in pregnant women and its outcomes","authors":"S. Kadry, Carla Sleem, R. A. Samad","doi":"10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00226","url":null,"abstract":"Women of fertile age and pregnant-lactating as well as their infants and young children are particularly affected with iron deficiency and its anemia resulting in serious health and functional consequences. It is estimated that about 2,150million people are iron deficient, and that this deficiency is severe enough to cause anemia in 1,200million people globally. About 90% of all anemias have an iron deficiency component. Roughly 47% of non-pregnant women and 60% of pregnant women have anemia worldwide, and including iron deficiency without anemia the figures may approach 60 and 90% respectively. In the industrial world as a whole, anemia prevalence during pregnancy averages 18%, and over 30% of these populations suffer from iron deficiency.2","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84123014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00223
I. Qoraan, Y. Oz, M. Metintaş, G. Durmaz
Pneumocystis jirovecii previously known Pneumocystis carinii is the cause of opportunistic infections in the lower respiratory tract of immunocompromised hosts mainly among patients with HIV infected, hematologic malignancies, congenital immunodeficiency, organ transplant recipients, and patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs.1 The organism was considered as one of the most leading causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV patients before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. However, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates among non-HIV patients.2 The mechanism of Pneumocystis transmission was debating. Although previously it was thought that PCP infection is a reactivation of latent infection acquired during childhood, recently it has been recognized to be de novo exposure from either environment or individuals with PCP or colonized with Pneumocystis.3 Pneumocystis colonization has been defined as the presence of P. jirovecii in respiratory specimens of persons without signs or symptoms of acute pneumonia3 Pneumocystis jirovecii can colonize in lower respiratory tract without causing signs and symptoms and PCP may develop in these colonized individuals. Thus, Pneumocystis colonized individuals could also be a problem for public health since they could play a role as a major reservoir of Pneumocystis jirovecii and a source of infection for susceptible subjects.4 Furthermore, patients at risk for PCP who receive long term anti-pneumocystis prophylactic treatments may be colonized with drug mutated pneumocystis species. In addition, colonization may stimulate a host inflammatory response leading to lung damage and progression of lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1,3 Therefore, we planned a prospective study and aimed to investigate the colonization prevalence and related risk factors among adult population in our region.
{"title":"The investigation of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in adult individuals of Turkish population","authors":"I. Qoraan, Y. Oz, M. Metintaş, G. Durmaz","doi":"10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00223","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumocystis jirovecii previously known Pneumocystis carinii is the cause of opportunistic infections in the lower respiratory tract of immunocompromised hosts mainly among patients with HIV infected, hematologic malignancies, congenital immunodeficiency, organ transplant recipients, and patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs.1 The organism was considered as one of the most leading causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV patients before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. However, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates among non-HIV patients.2 The mechanism of Pneumocystis transmission was debating. Although previously it was thought that PCP infection is a reactivation of latent infection acquired during childhood, recently it has been recognized to be de novo exposure from either environment or individuals with PCP or colonized with Pneumocystis.3 Pneumocystis colonization has been defined as the presence of P. jirovecii in respiratory specimens of persons without signs or symptoms of acute pneumonia3 Pneumocystis jirovecii can colonize in lower respiratory tract without causing signs and symptoms and PCP may develop in these colonized individuals. Thus, Pneumocystis colonized individuals could also be a problem for public health since they could play a role as a major reservoir of Pneumocystis jirovecii and a source of infection for susceptible subjects.4 Furthermore, patients at risk for PCP who receive long term anti-pneumocystis prophylactic treatments may be colonized with drug mutated pneumocystis species. In addition, colonization may stimulate a host inflammatory response leading to lung damage and progression of lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1,3 Therefore, we planned a prospective study and aimed to investigate the colonization prevalence and related risk factors among adult population in our region.","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87015447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-26DOI: 10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00222
Patrick D Mitchell
Typically oncology programs begin development in humans using dose escalation trials with the purpose of determining the maximum tolerable dose. This or some lower dose is then tested in a series of trials in order to determine the anti-tumor potential of the drug along with other objectives such as mechanism of action. Following this determination, trials are usually conducted to establish the comparative efficacy of the experimental drug with an established treatment or standard of care.
{"title":"A Bayesian single-arm design using predictive probability monitoring","authors":"Patrick D Mitchell","doi":"10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00222","url":null,"abstract":"Typically oncology programs begin development in humans using dose escalation trials with the purpose of determining the maximum tolerable dose. This or some lower dose is then tested in a series of trials in order to determine the anti-tumor potential of the drug along with other objectives such as mechanism of action. Following this determination, trials are usually conducted to establish the comparative efficacy of the experimental drug with an established treatment or standard of care.","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72883453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-20DOI: 10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00220
S. J.
{"title":"On circular systematic sampling in the presence of linear trend","authors":"S. J.","doi":"10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2018.07.00220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77188890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-19DOI: 10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00219
Arif Habib
From past three decades, entropy which is branch of statistical sciences has been used to determine the degree of variability, describes how uncertainty should be quantified in a skillful manner for representation. Statistical entropy has some conflicting explanations so that sometimes it measures two complementary conceptions like information and lack of information. Claude Shannon through two outstanding contributions in 1948 and 1949 relates it with positive information. These were followed by a flood of research papers hypothesize upon the possible applications in almost every field such as pure mathematics, semantics, physics, management, thermodynamics, botany, econometrics, operations research, psychology, epidemiological studies, disease management and related disciplines. Information theory has also had an important role in shaping theories of perception, cognition, and neural computation. When the message is readily measurable, we can say that the information is the reduction of uncertainty. But we usually encountered lossy information i.e a part of the transmitted information reaches the destination in a distorted form. In statistical theory of information, certain specialized terms which need to be translated into a measurable form. A source is similar to the space of a random experiment. A finite sequence of characters is called a word in the same way that the sequence of a number of outcomes associated with the repetition of an experiment may be designated as an event. An interesting observation can be made about the entropy of a binary source. Binary coding offers an interesting practical opportunity for encoding.
{"title":"Determination of parametric average code length of inaccuracy measure","authors":"Arif Habib","doi":"10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00219","url":null,"abstract":"From past three decades, entropy which is branch of statistical sciences has been used to determine the degree of variability, describes how uncertainty should be quantified in a skillful manner for representation. Statistical entropy has some conflicting explanations so that sometimes it measures two complementary conceptions like information and lack of information. Claude Shannon through two outstanding contributions in 1948 and 1949 relates it with positive information. These were followed by a flood of research papers hypothesize upon the possible applications in almost every field such as pure mathematics, semantics, physics, management, thermodynamics, botany, econometrics, operations research, psychology, epidemiological studies, disease management and related disciplines. Information theory has also had an important role in shaping theories of perception, cognition, and neural computation. When the message is readily measurable, we can say that the information is the reduction of uncertainty. But we usually encountered lossy information i.e a part of the transmitted information reaches the destination in a distorted form. In statistical theory of information, certain specialized terms which need to be translated into a measurable form. A source is similar to the space of a random experiment. A finite sequence of characters is called a word in the same way that the sequence of a number of outcomes associated with the repetition of an experiment may be designated as an event. An interesting observation can be made about the entropy of a binary source. Binary coding offers an interesting practical opportunity for encoding.","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84762434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-16DOI: 10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00218
Wui-Chiang Lee, Heon-Jae Jeong, H. Liao, Cheng-Fan Wen, Pa-Chun Wang
“Everything boils down to culture.” For anyone who works in the field of patient safety, it does not take long to recognize the truth of this statement. Yet this consensus did not emerge at the very beginning of the patient safety era. Rather, we thought that just changing care processes and adding automated systems would suffice in dropping the adverse event rate—probably to zero. However, it did not take much time till such naïve optimism was completely nullified. Many researchers have focused on why such efforts, represented by physical improvement, could not solve problems perfectly. As evidence has grown, healthcare professionals reached an agreement: safety culture is a must-have ingredient to true improvement in patient safety.1–4
{"title":"Item response theory-based validation of Taiwanese patient safety culture measurement instrument","authors":"Wui-Chiang Lee, Heon-Jae Jeong, H. Liao, Cheng-Fan Wen, Pa-Chun Wang","doi":"10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/BBIJ.2018.07.00218","url":null,"abstract":"“Everything boils down to culture.” For anyone who works in the field of patient safety, it does not take long to recognize the truth of this statement. Yet this consensus did not emerge at the very beginning of the patient safety era. Rather, we thought that just changing care processes and adding automated systems would suffice in dropping the adverse event rate—probably to zero. However, it did not take much time till such naïve optimism was completely nullified. Many researchers have focused on why such efforts, represented by physical improvement, could not solve problems perfectly. As evidence has grown, healthcare professionals reached an agreement: safety culture is a must-have ingredient to true improvement in patient safety.1–4","PeriodicalId":90455,"journal":{"name":"Biometrics & biostatistics international journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87075209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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