Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.031031
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of infectious disease COVID-19. In India, since the first case reported in Kerala, on January 30, 2020, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. The epidemic effect of COVID-19 infection was carried out from January 30 to April 28, 2020 (90 days) across the state. Among the districts studied, Kasaragod and Kannur district exhibit the highest occurrence of COVID-19 cases, whereas Alapuzha and Wyanad districts have the least number of positive cases. The new positive COVID-19 cases were found to be reported in an exponential fashion after 45 days to 75 days, after which there was a decline in the number across the state. As on April 28, 2020, the number of positive cases was 485, recovered cases were 356, active cases were 123, and the fatal cases were 3. Among gender, male individuals are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection than female individuals. The number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled.
{"title":"Outbreak, Prevalence and Mortality of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections in Kerala- A Perspective Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.031031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.031031","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of infectious disease COVID-19. In India, since the first case reported in Kerala, on January 30, 2020, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. The epidemic effect of COVID-19 infection was carried out from January 30 to April 28, 2020 (90 days) across the state. Among the districts studied, Kasaragod and Kannur district exhibit the highest occurrence of COVID-19 cases, whereas Alapuzha and Wyanad districts have the least number of positive cases. The new positive COVID-19 cases were found to be reported in an exponential fashion after 45 days to 75 days, after which there was a decline in the number across the state. As on April 28, 2020, the number of positive cases was 485, recovered cases were 356, active cases were 123, and the fatal cases were 3. Among gender, male individuals are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection than female individuals. The number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81529226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.032032
Drug delivery using nanoparticles is attracting the attention of most researchers as it has got its targeted delivery, reduced side effects, and controlled release of drugs for a prolonged period of time is possible. In this study, magnetite was synthesized by a chemical method using the mixture of solutions of FeSO4 and FeCl3 as the iron source. The synthesized magnetite was subjected to analysis by FeSEM, XRD and VSM and hence characterized to have a size of 40-60nm and with a paraferromagnetic activity. The magnetite nanoparticle with the antibiotic rifampicin was coated with four different biopolymers, namely chitosan, starch, casein, and PHB. PHB coated nanoparticles were 80-90 nm-sized, which is the smallest size of all. The biopolymer coated nanoparticles were subjected to antimicrobial assay against E.coli by well diffusion method of which the PHA coated particles was found to be the best for holding rifampicin. The different biopolymer coated nanoparticles were also subjected to biofilm inhibition assay and MTT based cytotoxicity assay. Magnetite was found to have a LC50 at 60 µg/ml.
{"title":"Biopolymer Coating of Chemically Synthesized Magnetite for Sustained Drug Delivery","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.032032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.032032","url":null,"abstract":"Drug delivery using nanoparticles is attracting the attention of most researchers as it has got its targeted delivery, reduced side effects, and controlled release of drugs for a prolonged period of time is possible. In this study, magnetite was synthesized by a chemical method using the mixture of solutions of FeSO4 and FeCl3 as the iron source. The synthesized magnetite was subjected to analysis by FeSEM, XRD and VSM and hence characterized to have a size of 40-60nm and with a paraferromagnetic activity. The magnetite nanoparticle with the antibiotic rifampicin was coated with four different biopolymers, namely chitosan, starch, casein, and PHB. PHB coated nanoparticles were 80-90 nm-sized, which is the smallest size of all. The biopolymer coated nanoparticles were subjected to antimicrobial assay against E.coli by well diffusion method of which the PHA coated particles was found to be the best for holding rifampicin. The different biopolymer coated nanoparticles were also subjected to biofilm inhibition assay and MTT based cytotoxicity assay. Magnetite was found to have a LC50 at 60 µg/ml.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.052052
One of the traditionally used herbs is the byproduct of the maize plant, the 10-20 cm long corn silk which from the female maize flowers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity activity of corn silk. The corn silk was minced and was extracted with methanol-water (80 % v/v), methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane by using the maceration method. The total phenolic content (TPC) of corn silk was determined to assess the presence and level of phenolic compounds in each sample. The antioxidant activities of all corn silk extracts were determined via DPPH method, and MTT assay was used to study the viability of the cells after the cells were treated with corn silk extracts at different time intervals. The highest phenolic content was exhibited by the methanol extract. The EC50 value for methanol-water (80 % v/v), methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were 251 μg/ ml, 300 μg/ ml, 330 μg/ ml, 550 μg/ ml and 1736 μg/ ml respectively. The MTT assay, the lowest IC50 values at 24 and 48 hours intervals, was exhibited by methanol-water extract (104 μg/ ml). In contrast, methanol (308 μg/ ml) was found with the highest IC50 value for all 24, 48, and 72 hours intervals. At 72 hours interval, ethyl acetate (88 μg/ ml) shown the lowest IC50 value. This study suggested that corn silk could be potentially used as a source of antioxidant and can further evaluate for cancer studies.
{"title":"Preliminary Screening of Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) for Antioxidant Properties and Cytotoxicity Activity on Human Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.052052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.052052","url":null,"abstract":"One of the traditionally used herbs is the byproduct of the maize plant, the 10-20 cm long corn silk which from the female maize flowers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity activity of corn silk. The corn silk was minced and was extracted with methanol-water (80 % v/v), methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane by using the maceration method. The total phenolic content (TPC) of corn silk was determined to assess the presence and level of phenolic compounds in each sample. The antioxidant activities of all corn silk extracts were determined via DPPH method, and MTT assay was used to study the viability of the cells after the cells were treated with corn silk extracts at different time intervals. The highest phenolic content was exhibited by the methanol extract. The EC50 value for methanol-water (80 % v/v), methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were 251 μg/ ml, 300 μg/ ml, 330 μg/ ml, 550 μg/ ml and 1736 μg/ ml respectively. The MTT assay, the lowest IC50 values at 24 and 48 hours intervals, was exhibited by methanol-water extract (104 μg/ ml). In contrast, methanol (308 μg/ ml) was found with the highest IC50 value for all 24, 48, and 72 hours intervals. At 72 hours interval, ethyl acetate (88 μg/ ml) shown the lowest IC50 value. This study suggested that corn silk could be potentially used as a source of antioxidant and can further evaluate for cancer studies.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79355669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.071071
Cereal based Fermented foods are a rich source of Probiotic organisms. Once if the Probiotic organisms are consumed, it should be capable of adhering to the colon region. To find out the efficiency of Pediococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. they were subjected to in-vitro tests such as tolerance to bile, resistance to low pH values, cell adhesion and antagonistic activity among the two organisms, Bifidobacterium sp. showed better growth at pH 3.5 than Pediococcus sp. during the increased incubation time. Cells remain viable up to 0.8% of bile concentration beyond which the multiplication was slow in the case of both the strains. Bifidobacterium sp. showed good adherence to the substratum than Pediococcus sp. Both the organisms were antagonistic against common enteric pathogens, which is an ideal characteristic of a probiotic.
{"title":"Selection criteria of Pediococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium bifidum Strains Isolated from Cereals Based on Fermented Food for Probiotic Use","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.071071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.071071","url":null,"abstract":"Cereal based Fermented foods are a rich source of Probiotic organisms. Once if the Probiotic organisms are consumed, it should be capable of adhering to the colon region. To find out the efficiency of Pediococcus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. they were subjected to in-vitro tests such as tolerance to bile, resistance to low pH values, cell adhesion and antagonistic activity among the two organisms, Bifidobacterium sp. showed better growth at pH 3.5 than Pediococcus sp. during the increased incubation time. Cells remain viable up to 0.8% of bile concentration beyond which the multiplication was slow in the case of both the strains. Bifidobacterium sp. showed good adherence to the substratum than Pediococcus sp. Both the organisms were antagonistic against common enteric pathogens, which is an ideal characteristic of a probiotic.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74021167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.013013
The aim of the present investigation is to study the antibacterial activity of Indian spices such as clove, garlic, ginger, and two forms of tea that is a granular form of leaf and dust form of tea and green leaf tea. The antibacterial assay was done by collecting the concentrate of the spices, and the leaves extract against the test strain Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by agar gel diffusion inhibition technique. Since the zone of inhibition was observed in the case of all spices, clove, ginger, garlic showed a good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Tea extracts were effective on Escherichia coli.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Indian Spices Against Escherichia coli","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.013013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.013013","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present investigation is to study the antibacterial activity of Indian spices such as clove, garlic, ginger, and two forms of tea that is a granular form of leaf and dust form of tea and green leaf tea. The antibacterial assay was done by collecting the concentrate of the spices, and the leaves extract against the test strain Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by agar gel diffusion inhibition technique. Since the zone of inhibition was observed in the case of all spices, clove, ginger, garlic showed a good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Tea extracts were effective on Escherichia coli.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76759700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.043043
Huge amounts of feathers are discarded as wastage, and it has always been environmentally concerned as they are difficult to destroy. Feather establishes over 90% protein, which gives it a rigid structure. Biotechnological techniques can help to degrade the feathers and use as biofertilizer. The best strategy is by utilizing keratinase producing keratinolytic microorganisms from the poultry waste to deteriorate the feathers. The poultry sample was collected at the local poultry farm. Using skimmed milk agar, enriched proteolytic bacteria were isolated, and the colony morphology assessed. The isolated bacteria were assessed for keratinolytic ability by using carbon and nitrogen sources. Liquid protein hydrolysate (LPH) was prepared and added as fertilizer to determine the growth effect on Capsicum annum. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity was assessed. The isolated Proteus sp. from the poultry waste has the ability to disintegrate the feathers completely on the 10th day. The enzymatic activity from Proteus sp. was observed increased with the presence of fructose (1.435 U/mL) and yeast extract (2.045 U/mL). The optimum temperature was at 40 °C (0.664 U/mL), pH value 7 (0.871 U/mL), and feather concentration at 1.5% (1.2 U/mL). LPH promoted the growth of Capsicum annum and increased total chlorophyll content (5.7341mg/g) in test plants. The antimicrobial activity displayed that Escherichia coli is susceptible to LPH, and also increased antioxidant activity was demonstrated in the test plants. Thus, the addition of liquid protein hydrolysate exhibited that it has the capability to aid plant development.
{"title":"Efficacy of Liquid Protein Hydrolysate from Chicken Feather by Proteus sp. on Chili Plant (Capsicum annum)","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.043043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.043043","url":null,"abstract":"Huge amounts of feathers are discarded as wastage, and it has always been environmentally concerned as they are difficult to destroy. Feather establishes over 90% protein, which gives it a rigid structure. Biotechnological techniques can help to degrade the feathers and use as biofertilizer. The best strategy is by utilizing keratinase producing keratinolytic microorganisms from the poultry waste to deteriorate the feathers. The poultry sample was collected at the local poultry farm. Using skimmed milk agar, enriched proteolytic bacteria were isolated, and the colony morphology assessed. The isolated bacteria were assessed for keratinolytic ability by using carbon and nitrogen sources. Liquid protein hydrolysate (LPH) was prepared and added as fertilizer to determine the growth effect on Capsicum annum. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity was assessed. The isolated Proteus sp. from the poultry waste has the ability to disintegrate the feathers completely on the 10th day. The enzymatic activity from Proteus sp. was observed increased with the presence of fructose (1.435 U/mL) and yeast extract (2.045 U/mL). The optimum temperature was at 40 °C (0.664 U/mL), pH value 7 (0.871 U/mL), and feather concentration at 1.5% (1.2 U/mL). LPH promoted the growth of Capsicum annum and increased total chlorophyll content (5.7341mg/g) in test plants. The antimicrobial activity displayed that Escherichia coli is susceptible to LPH, and also increased antioxidant activity was demonstrated in the test plants. Thus, the addition of liquid protein hydrolysate exhibited that it has the capability to aid plant development.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88612279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.046046
Studies on the biodiversity of phylloplane and endophytic fungi on the leaf surfaces of the medicinal plant; Piper betle L. was made in our Microbiology laboratory, K.M. Govt. Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research (Autonomous), Puducherry. The Agar plate method was used to isolate both the leaf surface and sub-surface fungi. During the study period, altogether twelve fungal species of seven genera of phylloplane and five species of endophytes were isolated from Piper betle L. by agar plate method. Penicillium sp., a dominant fungus, was chosen for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from Ag+ ions by treating with different extracts of the fungus with AgNO3.The appearance of yellowish-brown color in the conical flasks suggested the formation of AgNPs in dark and light conditions. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which has proved to be very useful for the analysis of nanoparticles. Candida albicans was found most susceptible towards the AgNPs of the fungus in comparison to other bacterial strains. Among the bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus was more suffered than V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli. It was found in the present study that our process for the synthesis of nanoparticles was easy, safe, and economical to be readily used in the field of biomedicine.
{"title":"Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Leaf Surface Fungi Isolated from Piper betle L. and its Antimicrobial Potential Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.046046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.046046","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the biodiversity of phylloplane and endophytic fungi on the leaf surfaces of the medicinal plant; Piper betle L. was made in our Microbiology laboratory, K.M. Govt. Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research (Autonomous), Puducherry. The Agar plate method was used to isolate both the leaf surface and sub-surface fungi. During the study period, altogether twelve fungal species of seven genera of phylloplane and five species of endophytes were isolated from Piper betle L. by agar plate method. Penicillium sp., a dominant fungus, was chosen for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from Ag+ ions by treating with different extracts of the fungus with AgNO3.The appearance of yellowish-brown color in the conical flasks suggested the formation of AgNPs in dark and light conditions. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which has proved to be very useful for the analysis of nanoparticles. Candida albicans was found most susceptible towards the AgNPs of the fungus in comparison to other bacterial strains. Among the bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus was more suffered than V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli. It was found in the present study that our process for the synthesis of nanoparticles was easy, safe, and economical to be readily used in the field of biomedicine.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84165969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.054054
Nanotoxicology refers to the study of the interaction of nanostructure with a biological system with an emphasis on elucidating the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of nanostructure with the induction of toxic biological responses. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the protective effect of fruit juices on the reduction of ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reaction of zinc nitrate with sodium hydroxide as the reducer. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by suitable analytical techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy study reveals the Plasmon absorption maxima at 200-600 nm, and X-ray diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopic analyses revealed the highly stable nanoparticles. Nanoparticles coated fruit juices was confirmed by changes or shift in the absorption spectra. Phytotoxicity studies indicated that the fruit juices coated zinc oxide nanoparticles were not inducing any effect on seedling emergence and plant growth. Cytotoxicity studies using RAW 264.7 cell lines were done by MTT Assay, where the IC50 values.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Fruit Juices on Zn Nanoparticles Induced Toxicity","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.054054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.054054","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotoxicology refers to the study of the interaction of nanostructure with a biological system with an emphasis on elucidating the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of nanostructure with the induction of toxic biological responses. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the protective effect of fruit juices on the reduction of ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reaction of zinc nitrate with sodium hydroxide as the reducer. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by suitable analytical techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy study reveals the Plasmon absorption maxima at 200-600 nm, and X-ray diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopic analyses revealed the highly stable nanoparticles. Nanoparticles coated fruit juices was confirmed by changes or shift in the absorption spectra. Phytotoxicity studies indicated that the fruit juices coated zinc oxide nanoparticles were not inducing any effect on seedling emergence and plant growth. Cytotoxicity studies using RAW 264.7 cell lines were done by MTT Assay, where the IC50 values.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82095478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.067067
Number of Antimycotics is available for several Dermatomycosis & their continuous use makes them drug abuse sometimes, so to evaluate pathogens' current antifungal susceptibility to certain drugs concerning environmental conditions becomes a necessity. To investigate the epidemiological patterns of the susceptibility of any fungal dermatomycosis that may guide to choose the most effective drug susceptibility, it will be useful, especially in states such as Uttarakhand; where mycosis is a major public health issue due to environmental conditions are highly favorable for dermatophytes. At Sushila Tiwari govt hospital Haldwani during the rainy season (from July 2018-Nov2019) collection of skin scrapings was done from tinea patients. The culture was done in the laboratory. MIC was calculated by Disk diffusion & by performing CLSI M38- A2 methodology against all species isolated from govt. Hospital Haldwani. Findings for all three species (Tricophyton, Epidermophyton & Micosporum SPS.) were MIC90 of Itraconazole ranges from 10-120 µg/ml, which is comparatively much higher for Doon species than Haldwani. MIC90 of fluconazole ranges between 0.03-0.5µl, which was almost the same for the species of both the regions Haldwani & Doon. MIC90 for ketoconazole ranges from 8-24µg/ml. MIC90 for Terbinafine ranges from 16-32µg/ml, which is almost the same for Doon as well as Haldwani species. Trichophyton & Rhizopus sps. were more frequent at Doon valley however, Epidermophyton, Microsporum & Blastmycosis sps. were more frequent at the Haldwani region. MIC for all the antifungals is comparatively of higher range for Doon valley than Haldwani. A molecular-level modification also indicated by pigment imparts variation in the presence & absence of antifungals may be due to the usage of different metabolic pathways in the presence of antifungals for cell wall synthesis.
{"title":"Antifungal Susceptibility & Distribution of Dermatomycosis; A Comparative Study of Doon Valley & Haldwani Region Uttarakhand","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.067067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.067067","url":null,"abstract":"Number of Antimycotics is available for several Dermatomycosis & their continuous use makes them drug abuse sometimes, so to evaluate pathogens' current antifungal susceptibility to certain drugs concerning environmental conditions becomes a necessity. To investigate the epidemiological patterns of the susceptibility of any fungal dermatomycosis that may guide to choose the most effective drug susceptibility, it will be useful, especially in states such as Uttarakhand; where mycosis is a major public health issue due to environmental conditions are highly favorable for dermatophytes. At Sushila Tiwari govt hospital Haldwani during the rainy season (from July 2018-Nov2019) collection of skin scrapings was done from tinea patients. The culture was done in the laboratory. MIC was calculated by Disk diffusion & by performing CLSI M38- A2 methodology against all species isolated from govt. Hospital Haldwani. Findings for all three species (Tricophyton, Epidermophyton & Micosporum SPS.) were MIC90 of Itraconazole ranges from 10-120 µg/ml, which is comparatively much higher for Doon species than Haldwani. MIC90 of fluconazole ranges between 0.03-0.5µl, which was almost the same for the species of both the regions Haldwani & Doon. MIC90 for ketoconazole ranges from 8-24µg/ml. MIC90 for Terbinafine ranges from 16-32µg/ml, which is almost the same for Doon as well as Haldwani species. Trichophyton & Rhizopus sps. were more frequent at Doon valley however, Epidermophyton, Microsporum & Blastmycosis sps. were more frequent at the Haldwani region. MIC for all the antifungals is comparatively of higher range for Doon valley than Haldwani. A molecular-level modification also indicated by pigment imparts variation in the presence & absence of antifungals may be due to the usage of different metabolic pathways in the presence of antifungals for cell wall synthesis.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87915169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.048048
Sleep is defined as an easily reversible periodic state marked by the absence of wakefulness. Studies have shown that university students tend to have a diminished amount of sleep. This would lead to the loss of concentration, daytime sleepiness, and reduced academic performances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga on overall sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, and blood glucose levels. A total of 88 participants with 44 students in each group, control and experimental, were recruited from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman based on the outcome of the Godin Shephard questionnaire. A total score of less than 14 was considered mild hence falling into the control group while above 14 and had practiced yoga for a minimum of 6 weeks were placed in the experimental group. The participants were required to self-administer a set of questionnaires consisting of socio-demographic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scores. Three components of sleep, namely the habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunctions, were better in the experimental group compared to the control one. Depression, anxiety, stress, and blood glucose levels also appeared to be more desirable in the experimental group with yoga students. It was found that blood glucose levels were positively correlated to the Global PSQI score, depression, anxiety, and stress measures in this study. In conclusion, yoga-practicing students have healthier sleep patterns, negative emotional states, and blood glucose levels. In order to obtain more conclusive findings, similar studies should be carried out in different universities with larger sample size and for longer periods.
{"title":"Effects of Yoga on Sleep Quality, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Blood Glucose Levels Among Tertiary Students","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.048048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.048048","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is defined as an easily reversible periodic state marked by the absence of wakefulness. Studies have shown that university students tend to have a diminished amount of sleep. This would lead to the loss of concentration, daytime sleepiness, and reduced academic performances. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga on overall sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, and blood glucose levels. A total of 88 participants with 44 students in each group, control and experimental, were recruited from Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman based on the outcome of the Godin Shephard questionnaire. A total score of less than 14 was considered mild hence falling into the control group while above 14 and had practiced yoga for a minimum of 6 weeks were placed in the experimental group. The participants were required to self-administer a set of questionnaires consisting of socio-demographic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scores. Three components of sleep, namely the habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunctions, were better in the experimental group compared to the control one. Depression, anxiety, stress, and blood glucose levels also appeared to be more desirable in the experimental group with yoga students. It was found that blood glucose levels were positively correlated to the Global PSQI score, depression, anxiety, and stress measures in this study. In conclusion, yoga-practicing students have healthier sleep patterns, negative emotional states, and blood glucose levels. In order to obtain more conclusive findings, similar studies should be carried out in different universities with larger sample size and for longer periods.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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