Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.078078
Over the years, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli has contributed to the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs), which evolved primarily from poultry in every corner of the world. The unregulated use of antibiotics commonly administered to poultry products to prevent any subclinical infections that lead to multidrug resistance (MDR) that is due to acquired bacteria resistance. The main aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence in Malaysia of multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli from poultry country chicken and country eggs. In several states of Malaysia, fifty samples from country chicken and country chicken eggs were extracted randomly from chosen poultry. The sample was taken from May to June 2019. The samples were tested using traditional microbiological techniques for the presence of E. coli. Antibiotics susceptibility test using 5 forms of β-lactam antibiotics was used using the double-disk diffusion screening, and confirmation of the test is performed by a combination disk diffusion process to establish the strains generating the ESBL. Although, the phenotypic characterization of bla TEM and bla CTX-M ESBL was carried out using PCR and SDS methods. Twenty of the fifty samples collected were classified as E.coli (20/50), suggesting 40%. The results of the distribution of the β-lactamases genes were reported as bla TEM, bla CTX-M with results of 75% (3/4), and 100% (4/4), respectively. The findings indicate a high prevalence of multidrug resistance as the most prevalent of all ESBL genes in ESBL infections with CTX-M genes. Consequently, effective monitoring of MDR infections, in particular resistance to β-lactamases in poultry chicken, can predict the potential for ESBL infections in humans and animals.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of bla TEM and bla CTX-M in Multi-Drug Resistance E. coli isolated from Country Chicken and Country Chicken Eggs in Poultry Farms of Malaysia","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.078078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.078078","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli has contributed to the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs), which evolved primarily from poultry in every corner of the world. The unregulated use of antibiotics commonly administered to poultry products to prevent any subclinical infections that lead to multidrug resistance (MDR) that is due to acquired bacteria resistance. The main aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence in Malaysia of multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli from poultry country chicken and country eggs. In several states of Malaysia, fifty samples from country chicken and country chicken eggs were extracted randomly from chosen poultry. The sample was taken from May to June 2019. The samples were tested using traditional microbiological techniques for the presence of E. coli. Antibiotics susceptibility test using 5 forms of β-lactam antibiotics was used using the double-disk diffusion screening, and confirmation of the test is performed by a combination disk diffusion process to establish the strains generating the ESBL. Although, the phenotypic characterization of bla TEM and bla CTX-M ESBL was carried out using PCR and SDS methods. Twenty of the fifty samples collected were classified as E.coli (20/50), suggesting 40%. The results of the distribution of the β-lactamases genes were reported as bla TEM, bla CTX-M with results of 75% (3/4), and 100% (4/4), respectively. The findings indicate a high prevalence of multidrug resistance as the most prevalent of all ESBL genes in ESBL infections with CTX-M genes. Consequently, effective monitoring of MDR infections, in particular resistance to β-lactamases in poultry chicken, can predict the potential for ESBL infections in humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.025025
Nanocarriers can be used to carry different types of materials, for instance, drugs, and play a major role in therapy. In this study, gum was collected and subjected to water extract, used for various bioactive studies. It was purified and characterized. The purified gum was used for nanocarrier synthesis, where sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) was utilized to synthesize nanocarriers. The gum extract was observed to have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. UV-Vis, SEM, AFM, zeta potential, and FTIR analysis were performed. By these analyses, the nanocarriers were found to be stable for the delivery of the drug. The best antibacterial activity was observed in the loaded nanocarriers.
{"title":"Uses of Polymeric Nanoparticles Derived from Plant Gum","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.025025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.025025","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocarriers can be used to carry different types of materials, for instance, drugs, and play a major role in therapy. In this study, gum was collected and subjected to water extract, used for various bioactive studies. It was purified and characterized. The purified gum was used for nanocarrier synthesis, where sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) was utilized to synthesize nanocarriers. The gum extract was observed to have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. UV-Vis, SEM, AFM, zeta potential, and FTIR analysis were performed. By these analyses, the nanocarriers were found to be stable for the delivery of the drug. The best antibacterial activity was observed in the loaded nanocarriers.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80845507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.023023
Melanin is nearly a ubiquitous pigment synthesized by living organisms in the course of hydroxylation and polymerization. Melanin has immense application potential in the field of agriculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to obtain the melanin pigment produced by Bacillus subtilis using T medium and study the biological and chemical characteristics of the pigment. Melanin pigment production in Bacillus was analyzed and was optimized at different temperatures and pH for optimal production. The pigment was confirmed by its chemical characterization. The melanin pigment obtained was water-soluble and was confirmed to be photoprotective using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrum analysis, which showed maximum absorption in the UV region (200-300 nm), but diminished towards the visible regions. The pigment also showed antioxidant activity. Fourier Transformation Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the crude melanin extract obtained as melanin. DNA binding property of melanin was studied. UV- Visible spectroscopic methods shows that melanin is able to bind DNA and impact protection. The pigment was analyzed for its application in the field of agriculture. It had shown to impart UV protection to UV exposed seeds during germination. Melanin also found to enhance the growth of plants when studied under laboratory conditions.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Melanin Pigment from Bacillus subtilis","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.023023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.023023","url":null,"abstract":"Melanin is nearly a ubiquitous pigment synthesized by living organisms in the course of hydroxylation and polymerization. Melanin has immense application potential in the field of agriculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to obtain the melanin pigment produced by Bacillus subtilis using T medium and study the biological and chemical characteristics of the pigment. Melanin pigment production in Bacillus was analyzed and was optimized at different temperatures and pH for optimal production. The pigment was confirmed by its chemical characterization. The melanin pigment obtained was water-soluble and was confirmed to be photoprotective using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrum analysis, which showed maximum absorption in the UV region (200-300 nm), but diminished towards the visible regions. The pigment also showed antioxidant activity. Fourier Transformation Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the crude melanin extract obtained as melanin. DNA binding property of melanin was studied. UV- Visible spectroscopic methods shows that melanin is able to bind DNA and impact protection. The pigment was analyzed for its application in the field of agriculture. It had shown to impart UV protection to UV exposed seeds during germination. Melanin also found to enhance the growth of plants when studied under laboratory conditions.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"27 22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85418179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.061062
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) belongs to a new virus family, Nimaviridae, genus Whispovirus and contains a large circular double-stranded DNA genome of 292,967 bp. WSSV virions are ellipsoid to bacilliform, enveloped particles with a distinctive tail-like appendage at one end. They can be found throughout the body of infected shrimp. The virions contain one nucleocapsid with a typical striated appearance and 5 major and at least 13 minor proteins. WSSV, which was first discovered in Southeast Asia around 1992, is currently the most serious viral pathogen of shrimp worldwide. It causes up to 100% mortality within 7 to 10 days in commercial shrimp farms, resulting in large economic losses amounting to billions of US dollars across different countries to the shrimp farming industry. In a natural situation, shrimp become infected through both oral and water-borne routes, and the gills are thought to be a major point of viral entry. Considering the global economic and sociological importance of shrimp farming and its continued high growth, the development of novel control measures becomes necessary against the outbreak of WSSV. A number of strategies have been used to control WSSV, each with some limitations. Conventional control strategies such as improvement of environmental conditions, stocking of pathogen-free post-larvae, and augmentation of disease resistance by oral immune-stimulants or probiotics are currently employed to control WSSV infection. Use of recombinant viral proteins as vaccines that induce a specific immune response and protection has been demonstrated to control WSSV. Other studies have shown successful vaccination of shrimp with DNA vaccines that have prolonged effects. The RNA interference (RNAi) mediated silencing of targeted viral mRNAs holds tremendous potential for controlling shrimp diseases. The silencing of viruses using RNAi has been experimentally demonstrated for WSSV in shrimp by injecting or feeding synthetic siRNA, long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and short/long-hairpin RNA (shRNA/lhRNA) prepared by in vitro transcription or expressed in bacteria. In addition to targeting viral proteins, protection of WSSV has also been achieved by dsRNA targeted against shrimp PmRab7, a protein important for viral entry into the host cells. Antisense constructs offered strong protection in WSSV challenged shrimp, P. monodon, with a corresponding decrease in viral load. Antisense constructs expressing VP24 and VP28 offered the best protection with a consistent reduction in WSSV copy number in both cell culture and in experimental shrimp. The advantage of using antisense constructs is their lack of toxicity and immunogenicity and their high specificity towards the desired target. The usage of edible pellet feed coated with dsRNA against WSSV has shown promising results. Overall, the present investigation clearly demonstrates that it is possible to induce strong protection in shrimp against WSSV infection using host promoter-driv
{"title":"Protection of Caridea Against White Spot Syndrome Virus","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.061062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.061062","url":null,"abstract":"White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) belongs to a new virus family, Nimaviridae, genus Whispovirus and contains a large circular double-stranded DNA genome of 292,967 bp. WSSV virions are ellipsoid to bacilliform, enveloped particles with a distinctive tail-like appendage at one end. They can be found throughout the body of infected shrimp. The virions contain one nucleocapsid with a typical striated appearance and 5 major and at least 13 minor proteins. WSSV, which was first discovered in Southeast Asia around 1992, is currently the most serious viral pathogen of shrimp worldwide. It causes up to 100% mortality within 7 to 10 days in commercial shrimp farms, resulting in large economic losses amounting to billions of US dollars across different countries to the shrimp farming industry. In a natural situation, shrimp become infected through both oral and water-borne routes, and the gills are thought to be a major point of viral entry. Considering the global economic and sociological importance of shrimp farming and its continued high growth, the development of novel control measures becomes necessary against the outbreak of WSSV. A number of strategies have been used to control WSSV, each with some limitations. Conventional control strategies such as improvement of environmental conditions, stocking of pathogen-free post-larvae, and augmentation of disease resistance by oral immune-stimulants or probiotics are currently employed to control WSSV infection. Use of recombinant viral proteins as vaccines that induce a specific immune response and protection has been demonstrated to control WSSV. Other studies have shown successful vaccination of shrimp with DNA vaccines that have prolonged effects. The RNA interference (RNAi) mediated silencing of targeted viral mRNAs holds tremendous potential for controlling shrimp diseases. The silencing of viruses using RNAi has been experimentally demonstrated for WSSV in shrimp by injecting or feeding synthetic siRNA, long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and short/long-hairpin RNA (shRNA/lhRNA) prepared by in vitro transcription or expressed in bacteria. In addition to targeting viral proteins, protection of WSSV has also been achieved by dsRNA targeted against shrimp PmRab7, a protein important for viral entry into the host cells. Antisense constructs offered strong protection in WSSV challenged shrimp, P. monodon, with a corresponding decrease in viral load. Antisense constructs expressing VP24 and VP28 offered the best protection with a consistent reduction in WSSV copy number in both cell culture and in experimental shrimp. The advantage of using antisense constructs is their lack of toxicity and immunogenicity and their high specificity towards the desired target. The usage of edible pellet feed coated with dsRNA against WSSV has shown promising results. Overall, the present investigation clearly demonstrates that it is possible to induce strong protection in shrimp against WSSV infection using host promoter-driv","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90859146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.095095
Groundnut shell is considered to agro-industrial waste product and is rich in lignocellulose materials. It is obtained after the removal of groundnut seed from its pod and used as fodder for cattle. Duc et al., (2019) elaborately reviewed beneficial uses groundnut shells for commercial and industrial purposes and listed production of various bio-products such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and nano-sheet. The aim of this work was to study the production of polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) using groundnut shells as the carbon source after hydrolysate. Groundnut shell was pre-treated with alkaline reagent with 0.5M, 1M, and 1.5M, of potassium hydroxide and acid hydrolysis with 30%, 50%, and 70%, of sulphuric acid. Combined alkali (1M of potassium hydroxide) and acid (70% sulphuric acid) pre-treatment of groundnut shell yield maximum reducing sugar. In addition, with pre-treated groundnut shell, various pH level (6, 7, & 8), KH2PO4 (100mg/l, 200mg/l and 300mg/l), and temperature (250C, 300C and 350C) are also test for PHB production. Bacillus circulans (MTCC 8167) significantly utilized the hydrolysate substrate and produced the maximum amount PHB (7.6 ± 0.2 g L-l) with pH level 7 and 300C with 100mg/l of KH2PO4. A detailed study of the functional group was also done using FTIR and NMR. Through biochemical pre-treatment, an in-expensive groundnut shell was converted into a valuable bio-product in order to achieve the minimum waste production.
花生壳被认为是农工废弃物，富含木质纤维素物质。它是将花生种子从豆荚中除去后获得的，用作牛的饲料。Duc等人(2019)详细回顾了花生壳在商业和工业上的有益用途，并列出了生物柴油、生物乙醇和纳米片等各种生物产品的生产。研究了以花生壳为碳源，水解后生产多羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的工艺。花生壳分别用0.5M、1M、1.5M氢氧化钾碱性试剂预处理，用30%、50%、70%硫酸酸水解。联合碱(1M氢氧化钾)和酸(70%硫酸)预处理花生壳产还原糖最多。此外，还对预处理花生壳进行了不同pH值(6、7、8)、KH2PO4 (100mg/l、200mg/l、300mg/l)、温度(250C、300C、350C)的PHB生产试验。循环芽孢杆菌(MTCC 8167)对水解底物的利用效果显著，在pH为7、KH2PO4浓度为100mg/l、浓度为300C时，产生的PHB最多(7.6±0.2 g l -l)。用FTIR和NMR对其官能团进行了详细的研究。通过生化预处理，将昂贵的花生壳转化为有价值的生物产品，实现了废物产生量的最小化。
{"title":"Polyhydroxybutrate Production Using Groundnut Shell as Substrate by Bacillus circulans (MTCC 8167)","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.095095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.095095","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut shell is considered to agro-industrial waste product and is rich in lignocellulose materials. It is obtained after the removal of groundnut seed from its pod and used as fodder for cattle. Duc et al., (2019) elaborately reviewed beneficial uses groundnut shells for commercial and industrial purposes and listed production of various bio-products such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and nano-sheet. The aim of this work was to study the production of polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) using groundnut shells as the carbon source after hydrolysate. Groundnut shell was pre-treated with alkaline reagent with 0.5M, 1M, and 1.5M, of potassium hydroxide and acid hydrolysis with 30%, 50%, and 70%, of sulphuric acid. Combined alkali (1M of potassium hydroxide) and acid (70% sulphuric acid) pre-treatment of groundnut shell yield maximum reducing sugar. In addition, with pre-treated groundnut shell, various pH level (6, 7, & 8), KH2PO4 (100mg/l, 200mg/l and 300mg/l), and temperature (250C, 300C and 350C) are also test for PHB production. Bacillus circulans (MTCC 8167) significantly utilized the hydrolysate substrate and produced the maximum amount PHB (7.6 ± 0.2 g L-l) with pH level 7 and 300C with 100mg/l of KH2PO4. A detailed study of the functional group was also done using FTIR and NMR. Through biochemical pre-treatment, an in-expensive groundnut shell was converted into a valuable bio-product in order to achieve the minimum waste production.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75420873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.008008
Psoriasis is an autoimmune, persisting, inflammatory disorder that extremely affects the skin and joints of the system. In spite of the field under investigation across the globe roots toward the origin and the molecular pathophysiology of the disease, yet, the mechanism is vaguely presumed. The pathology has its basis in the underlying genes, the protein interactomes, and the metabolic pathways. Subcellular localization of the proteins (Sl) imparts geometrical details of proteins in a cell. In Sl, Proteins conjoin with suitable proteins to assemble into active complexes in signaling routes and metabolic pathways. Variations in the disease set of genes modify the production of gene outcomes as well alters the choosing steps of appropriate Sl, which interrupts the vital roles of the proteins. Proteins related to the disease are predominantly accumulated in typical Sl, which is why apt recognition of protein Sl guides to track down disease bound proteins and the interdependence between them. To do so, in the current investigation, the GOnet tool has been utilized to identify Sl of the proteins by the input of genes and by modeling and visualizing collaborative graphs in conjunction with GO terms and genes. The results obtained displays that the Psoriasis proteins have been localized in respective cellular compartments such as Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, nucleolus, mitochondria, peroxisomes cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, extracellular region, nucleoplasm, cilium, vacuole, protein-containing complex, and nuclear chromosome. Further exploration of subcellular localization followed by protein-protein interaction and molecular pathway analyses may be the bedrock to a deeper insight towards disease development and molecular centered relations alongside multimorbidity interactions in Psoriasis.
{"title":"Subcellular Localization of Disease-Associated Proteins in Psoriasis","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.008008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.008008","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is an autoimmune, persisting, inflammatory disorder that extremely affects the skin and joints of the system. In spite of the field under investigation across the globe roots toward the origin and the molecular pathophysiology of the disease, yet, the mechanism is vaguely presumed. The pathology has its basis in the underlying genes, the protein interactomes, and the metabolic pathways. Subcellular localization of the proteins (Sl) imparts geometrical details of proteins in a cell. In Sl, Proteins conjoin with suitable proteins to assemble into active complexes in signaling routes and metabolic pathways. Variations in the disease set of genes modify the production of gene outcomes as well alters the choosing steps of appropriate Sl, which interrupts the vital roles of the proteins. Proteins related to the disease are predominantly accumulated in typical Sl, which is why apt recognition of protein Sl guides to track down disease bound proteins and the interdependence between them. To do so, in the current investigation, the GOnet tool has been utilized to identify Sl of the proteins by the input of genes and by modeling and visualizing collaborative graphs in conjunction with GO terms and genes. The results obtained displays that the Psoriasis proteins have been localized in respective cellular compartments such as Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, nucleolus, mitochondria, peroxisomes cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, extracellular region, nucleoplasm, cilium, vacuole, protein-containing complex, and nuclear chromosome. Further exploration of subcellular localization followed by protein-protein interaction and molecular pathway analyses may be the bedrock to a deeper insight towards disease development and molecular centered relations alongside multimorbidity interactions in Psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73974511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.026026
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high-molecular-weight polysaccharides secreted by microorganisms; these polysaccharides have incredible applications in pharmaceutical industries. These are homopolymers or heteropolymers with a wide diversity of structures, capable of modifying the sensory properties of foods. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are recognized as high-value bio-macromolecules for the last two decades. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are carbohydrate polymers present on the surface of many bacteria. These products, including pullulan, scleraglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although EPSs are highly relevant, to date, information concerning their biosynthesis is scarce, and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of EPSs are dependent on culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. In this study, the selection of nutrients for the EPS production from Curvularia lunata under submerged batch-culture conditions was made using the Plackett - Burman design matrix method. Subsequently, the optimal condition was determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Thus, produced EPS was characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The identification of components at the molecular level was made using the GC-MS analysis. It showed the presence of glucose and mannitol and good thermal stability. Their functional groups were determined using the FTIR analysis. It was further studied for its anti-cancer properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Based on the studies done, it was evident that EPS was found to be with good antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, and anti-cancer activity effective against HeLa cells.
{"title":"Purification, Characterization, Optimization and Evaluation of Potential Bioactivity of Exopolysaccharides of Curvularia lunata","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.026026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.026026","url":null,"abstract":"Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high-molecular-weight polysaccharides secreted by microorganisms; these polysaccharides have incredible applications in pharmaceutical industries. These are homopolymers or heteropolymers with a wide diversity of structures, capable of modifying the sensory properties of foods. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are recognized as high-value bio-macromolecules for the last two decades. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are carbohydrate polymers present on the surface of many bacteria. These products, including pullulan, scleraglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although EPSs are highly relevant, to date, information concerning their biosynthesis is scarce, and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of EPSs are dependent on culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. In this study, the selection of nutrients for the EPS production from Curvularia lunata under submerged batch-culture conditions was made using the Plackett - Burman design matrix method. Subsequently, the optimal condition was determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Thus, produced EPS was characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The identification of components at the molecular level was made using the GC-MS analysis. It showed the presence of glucose and mannitol and good thermal stability. Their functional groups were determined using the FTIR analysis. It was further studied for its anti-cancer properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Based on the studies done, it was evident that EPS was found to be with good antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, and anti-cancer activity effective against HeLa cells.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79662551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.097097
Organ Printing is a branch of regenerative medicine. We aimed to demonstrate this presentation to minimize the death rate of patients who dies only due to the inefficient human organs at the right time. This topic revolves around "The Branch of regenerative Medicine. The contents of the research work are all about the definition of organ printing or bioprinting, its technical types, its process, its benefits and challenges, its estimated marketing rate, and how it can be implemented successfully. The most significant developments in 3Dprinting have come in external prosthetics, cranial or orthopedic implants, and custom airway stents. But it has also proven helpful in surgical planning and has been used in complex open planning and has been used in complex open-heart surgeries, and even Cleveland clinic's total face transplant. Talks of printing human tissues have suggested than organ transplants may one day be obsolete. Mind-blowing innovations are coming to medicine and healthcare almost every single day; hope the research paper is one among them with its own unique characteristics.
{"title":"Organ Printing","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.097097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.097097","url":null,"abstract":"Organ Printing is a branch of regenerative medicine. We aimed to demonstrate this presentation to minimize the death rate of patients who dies only due to the inefficient human organs at the right time. This topic revolves around \"The Branch of regenerative Medicine. The contents of the research work are all about the definition of organ printing or bioprinting, its technical types, its process, its benefits and challenges, its estimated marketing rate, and how it can be implemented successfully. The most significant developments in 3Dprinting have come in external prosthetics, cranial or orthopedic implants, and custom airway stents. But it has also proven helpful in surgical planning and has been used in complex open planning and has been used in complex open-heart surgeries, and even Cleveland clinic's total face transplant. Talks of printing human tissues have suggested than organ transplants may one day be obsolete. Mind-blowing innovations are coming to medicine and healthcare almost every single day; hope the research paper is one among them with its own unique characteristics.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81387429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.057057
In this study, we demonstrate the clinical applicability of molecular assays for the differential identification of M. tuberculosis isolates by Double Repetitive Element-PCR (DRE-PCR), Duplex PCR (DPCR), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) and IS6110 flanking PCR and for the detection of specific codon mutations in antibiotic-resistant genes, rpoB and katG in 55 MDR-TB and 25 drug-susceptible clinical isolates by Multiplex PCR assays. The MAS-PCR assay was identified as the most prevalent rpoB gene mutations at codon 531 (83.6%), followed by codon 526 (12.7%), and no mutation was found in codon 516. Among the 55 MDR-TB isolates, 49 (89%) isolates had S315T, 5 (9%) had S315N mutations. DRE-PCR and RAPD-PCR generated similar banding of cluster III strains and suggested that MDR-TB strain genotype C may be responsible for the transmission of TB infection among the study population. PCR based differential identification of mtp40 and rpoB DPCR procedures identified two NTM strains among the isolates studied. Genotypic method DRE-PCR was found highly reproducible, followed by RAPD-PCR and mtp40, and rpoB DPCR methods effectively-identified NTM infection in this region. The presence of S315T mutation in katG gene and S531L, H526Y mutations in rpoB gene in MDR-TB isolates proved resistant phenotype. The simplicity of the MAS-PCR assay permits its implementation for the detection of resistance to INH and RIF in clinical laboratories in regions where this mutation is predominant among MDR-TB strains.
{"title":"Molecular Mechanism of Multi-Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.057057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.057057","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we demonstrate the clinical applicability of molecular assays for the differential identification of M. tuberculosis isolates by Double Repetitive Element-PCR (DRE-PCR), Duplex PCR (DPCR), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) and IS6110 flanking PCR and for the detection of specific codon mutations in antibiotic-resistant genes, rpoB and katG in 55 MDR-TB and 25 drug-susceptible clinical isolates by Multiplex PCR assays. The MAS-PCR assay was identified as the most prevalent rpoB gene mutations at codon 531 (83.6%), followed by codon 526 (12.7%), and no mutation was found in codon 516. Among the 55 MDR-TB isolates, 49 (89%) isolates had S315T, 5 (9%) had S315N mutations. DRE-PCR and RAPD-PCR generated similar banding of cluster III strains and suggested that MDR-TB strain genotype C may be responsible for the transmission of TB infection among the study population. PCR based differential identification of mtp40 and rpoB DPCR procedures identified two NTM strains among the isolates studied. Genotypic method DRE-PCR was found highly reproducible, followed by RAPD-PCR and mtp40, and rpoB DPCR methods effectively-identified NTM infection in this region. The presence of S315T mutation in katG gene and S531L, H526Y mutations in rpoB gene in MDR-TB isolates proved resistant phenotype. The simplicity of the MAS-PCR assay permits its implementation for the detection of resistance to INH and RIF in clinical laboratories in regions where this mutation is predominant among MDR-TB strains.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78754074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.33263/proceedings21.068068
Currently, medicinal plants are gaining importance in pharmaceutical and scientific communities. Medicinal plants are the richest natural source of valuable phytochemicals, which can be very useful to treat human diseases and their dysfunctions. Rosmarinus officinalis L. is an important medicinal shrub that belongs to family Lamiaceae and is native to the Mediterranean region. During the present work, an investigation on the photochemical profiling of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves was done. The extraction was made by maceration using methanol as a solvent, and the dried crude extract was analyzed by GC-MS analyzer. Twenty-six compounds were observed from the leaf extracts and found that they have great significance in pharmaceutical science for therapeutically efficient formulations in order to combat various diseases.
{"title":"GC-MS Analysis of Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L.","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/proceedings21.068068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/proceedings21.068068","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, medicinal plants are gaining importance in pharmaceutical and scientific communities. Medicinal plants are the richest natural source of valuable phytochemicals, which can be very useful to treat human diseases and their dysfunctions. Rosmarinus officinalis L. is an important medicinal shrub that belongs to family Lamiaceae and is native to the Mediterranean region. During the present work, an investigation on the photochemical profiling of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves was done. The extraction was made by maceration using methanol as a solvent, and the dried crude extract was analyzed by GC-MS analyzer. Twenty-six compounds were observed from the leaf extracts and found that they have great significance in pharmaceutical science for therapeutically efficient formulations in order to combat various diseases.","PeriodicalId":90703,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. International Meshing Roundtable","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85876182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：