Background: Dental pulp inflammation and impaired tissue repair remain critical challenges in endodontic therapy, often exacerbated by hypoxia and dysregulated immune responses.
Methods: We developed a procyanidin-copper-loaded oxygen-generating microneedle hydrogel (CA-PCC-CAT) releasing active components into deeply infected pulp tissue in a pH-responsive manner to exert potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
Results: In vitro experiments demonstrated that the hydrogel effectively protected hDPSCs through its multifunctions, including antibacterial activity, antioxidative stress modulation, anti-inflammatory action, and hypoxia alleviation. Simultaneously, it augmented macrophage efferocytosis by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby facilitating the clearance of apoptotic cells and enhancing tissue repair.
Conclusions: This study represents a promising strategy for developing multifunctional biomaterials to amplify the anti-inflammatory capacity of hDPSCs and advance the field of pulp preservation and regenerative therapy.
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