BMC Oral Health最新文献

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown increasing potential in dental diagnostics, yet its accuracy for binary classification of dental caries across different imaging modalities remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI models using clinical intraoral images and dental radiographs.

Methods: Following the PRISMA-DTA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore were systematically searched for studies published between January 2015 and June 2025. Eligible studies applied AI models for caries diagnosis with extractable sensitivity and specificity. Data on dentition, dataset, analysis unit, caries prevalence in test dataset, and preprocessing methods were extracted. Reporting quality and risk of bias were assessed using CLAIM and QUADAS-2. Pooled estimates were calculated with a bivariate random-effects model, with subgroup analyses by image type and analytical unit.

Results: 25 studies met the criteria, and 13 were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) were 0.86, 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. Intraoral image-based models achieved higher sensitivity (0.88) and AUC (0.95), while radiograph-based models showed higher specificity (0.92). Tooth-level analyses yielded stable, clinically relevant performance (0.87/0.91). High heterogeneity (I² > 90%) was partly explained by image type, model architecture, reference standard variation, and test set caries prevalence.

Conclusion: AI models showed good diagnostic accuracy for caries detection across imaging modalities and analytical units. However, given the substantial heterogeneity and limitations in study quality and reference standards, these summary estimates should be interpreted with caution. AI-based systems may serve as complementary decision-support tools in clinical practice, but further standardization, external validation, and high-quality multicenter studies are required before broad clinical implementation.

Background: Xerostomia, commonly caused by medications, radiotherapy, or Sjögren's syndrome, impairs saliva's protective functions and increases risk of caries, restoration failure, prosthesis complications, and peri-implant bone loss. However, its overall impact on dental treatment outcomes has not been systematically reviewed.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were searched, and studies evaluating the impact of xerostomia on dental treatment outcomes, including restorations, implants, prostheses, and periodontal therapy, were included. Data extraction was performed in duplicate, and risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. Certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach.

Results: A total of sixteen studies, encompassing 1,227 patients undergoing dental treatments, were included in the review. Implant survival in xerostomic patients was generally high (> 90%) but slightly lower in those with radiation-induced xerostomia. Restoration longevity was consistently reduced, with higher failure and recurrent caries rates in Sjögren's syndrome and post-radiotherapy patients. Limited evidence suggested no major differences in periodontal treatment response, while no eligible studies directly assessed denture retention. Overall, most studies were small, heterogeneous, and at moderate to serious risk of bias.

Conclusions: Xerostomia reduces restoration longevity and may affect periodontal therapy, while implants generally show good survival. Evidence is limited and biased, highlighting the need for preventive care and stronger clinical studies.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to establish a three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model to compare the biomechanical effects of three distinct breathing modes-nasal (NA), oronasal (ONA), and oral (OA) ventilation-on upper airway dynamics in mouth-breathing patients. A key aim was to investigate a potential biomechanical link between mode-specific hydrodynamic forces and the soft tissue remodeling associated with adenoidal facies.

Methods: Mouth-breathing volunteer was selected, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were collected. Subsequently,3D (Three-Dimensional) finite element models of the upper airway, oral airway, soft palate, and tongue body were reconstructed. Numerical simulations of the flow fields of the three different breathing modes, named nasal ventilation, oral nose ventilation, and oral ventilation, were performed using finite element analysis software.

Results: The simulations revealed distinct, mode-specific biomechanical environments. Oral breathing (OA) generated significantly higher airflow velocity and stronger negative pressure in the palatopharyngeal and epiglottic regions compared to nasal and oronasal breathing. This led to pronounced posterior-inferior displacement of the tongue and increased deformation of the soft palate. In contrast, nasal breathing produced turbulence confined primarily to the nasal cavity. The model successfully captured the transition to turbulent flow in the pharynx during oral breathing.

Conclusion: This preliminary simulation suggests that, within the constraints of our model, oral breathing is associated with increased airflow velocity, higher negative pressure in the palatopharyngeal and epiglottic regions, and a greater posterior displacement of the tongue. These factors may collectively increase the susceptibility to pharyngeal airway collapse.

Background: Resin-based materials used in the treatment of dental caries face insufficient bonding durability at the dentin interface. Mussel-inspired compounds, as a novel class of bio-inspired materials, offer promising potential for enhancing dentin bonding performance. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of monomeric and polymeric mussel-inspired compounds on resin-dentin bond strength and/or anti-enzymatic effects.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025649875). Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search covered PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus up to March 1, 2025. Included studies compared experimental groups using mussel-inspired compounds to controls, assessing resin-dentin bond strength and/or anti-enzymatic effects. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIN Tool. Statistical analysis involved standard pairwise meta-analysis and heterogeneity assessment. The publication bias was examined using funnel plots. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding studies with positive controls.

Results: A total of 13 studies were included in systematic review and 12 studies in meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that mussel-inspired compounds significantly enhanced the immediate bond strength (SMD = 0.91, p = 0.0008) and markedly reduced the bond strength degradation after aging (SMD = -3.97, p = 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed the monomeric form significantly improved the immediate bond strength (SMD = 1.26, p < 0.00001) and reduced aging-related degradation (SMD = -4.00, p < 0.0001), while the polymeric form showed no significant effects. The mussel-inspired compounds also significantly suppressed collagen degradation, indicated by reduced hydroxyproline release (SMD = -9.04, p < 0.00001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings, as excluding studies with active positive controls yielded consistent and significant results.

Conclusions: Monomeric mussel-inspired compounds enhance immediate dentin bond strength and improve its durability by mitigating aging-induced degradation and inhibiting collagen degradation, while polymeric compounds demonstrate no statistically significant benefits.

Background: Jaw cysts are a diverse group of intraosseous lesions commonly encountered in oral and maxillofacial pathologies. Several studies have addressed their distribution and clinicopathological features; however, further large-scale analyses using standardized classification systems may enhance cross-regional comparability and diagnostic consistency. We aimed to evaluate the demographic and anatomical characteristics of jaw cysts over an almost 50-year period.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 19,352 histologically confirmed jaw cysts diagnosed between 1975 and 2024. Each case was reclassified according to the 2022 WHO classifications for head and neck tumors. Patient age, sex, cyst type, and anatomical location data were collected and descriptively analyzed to identify trends across different cyst categories.

Results: Odontogenic cysts comprised the majority of cases. Radicular cysts were the most common, followed by dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Non-odontogenic cysts mainly consisted of surgical ciliated cysts and nasopalatine duct cysts. Bone cysts (simple bone cysts and aneurysmal bone cysts), which lack an epithelial lining and were therefore analyzed separately, were infrequent. A male predominance was observed overall, with sex- and age-related patterns differing according to cyst type. Mandibular involvement was more common than maxillary involvement, and several cysts showed specific anatomical predilections. These findings highlight distinct demographic and anatomical characteristics across cyst categories.

Conclusions: This large retrospective study provides a detailed epidemiological profile of jaw cysts. The findings revealed distinct patterns according to cyst type, age, sex, and anatomical site, providing a valuable reference for diagnostic refinement and future comparative studies of oral and maxillofacial pathology.