BMC Oral Health最新文献

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate variations in the surface roughness and gloss of different single-shade resin composites after polishing with a range of systems.

Methods: In total, 120 specimens were prepared from three different types of single-shade resin composites (supra-nanospherical-Omnichroma, nanohybrid-Charisma Diamond One, and microhybrid- Essentia Universal). The specimens were placed in distilled water and stored at 37 °C for 24 h. Each resin composite (n = 40) was divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the finishing/polishing (F/P) system: Mylar strip (control), Sof-Lex (multi-step), Twist Dia (two-step), and OneGloss (one-step). Surface roughness and gloss were measured. Surface characteristics were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference test were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results: Among all the composites, both the highest surface roughness and lowest gloss values were obtained in the groups treated with the OneGloss polishing system (p < 0.05). Compared with all the composites, Omnichroma had the lowest surface roughness and highest gloss values (except Twist Dia) both unpolished and after polishing with all the F/P systems (p < 0.05). All composites treated with the Twist Dia F/P system had similar gloss values. The results of the AFM and SEM analyses were consistent with the surface roughness measurements.

Conclusions: The gloss values of both the microhybrid and nanohybrid composites after F/P using the two-step system was superior to that of the traditional multistep system. The surface of the supra-nanofilled resin-based composite was smoother than that of both the microhybrid and nanohybrid composites.

Objectives: To explore the association between hyperuricemia and having periodontitis.

Materials and methods: A representative cross-sectional dataset of 10,158 adults was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014. The association between hyperuricemia (the primary exposure) and having periodontitis (outcome) were evaluated using weighted logistic regression models. Serum uric acid (UA) levels and the UA to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio were used as secondary exposures. Their associations with the diagnosis periodontitis were analyzed using weighted logistic regression or restricted cubic spline regression.

Results: The prevalence of Stages III/IV periodontitis was 47.7% among individuals with hyperuricemia and 37.4% among those without. After adjustment, individuals with hyperuricemia had 0.281 times higher odds of developing Stages III/IV periodontitis compared to those without hyperuricemia (adjusted OR = 1.286, 95% CI = 1.040 to 1.591, P = 0.024). The increased odds could be explained by a linear relationship with the serum UA/Cr ratio and a U-shaped relationship with serum UA levels. Each unit increase in the serum UA/Cr ratio was associated with 0.048 times higher odds of developing Stages III/IV periodontitis (adjusted OR = 1.048, 95% CI = 1.008 to 1.088, P = 0.021). Additionally, each 1 mg/dL increase in serum UA was associated with 0.156 times higher odds (adjusted OR = 1.156, 95% CI = 1.009 to 1.323, P = 0.038) of developing Stages III/IV periodontitis when UA levels were greater than 5.9 mg/dL, but 0.118 times lower odds when UA levels were 5.9 mg/dL or lower (adjusted OR = 0.882, 95% CI = 0.790 to 0.984, P = 0.027). Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the findings.

Conclusions: This study provides the first direct evidence that hyperuricemia is associated with Stages III/IV periodontitis.

Clinical relevance: Hyperuricemia may represent a new potential comorbidity of periodontitis, possibly contributing directly or indirectly to the disease burden in patients with periodontitis.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Background: Reconstruction of maxillofacial defects is challenging due to the region's complex anatomy. During the COVID-19 era, many patients lost their maxilla and chewing efficiency as a result of Mucormycosis. In such cases, custom-designed implants offer a graftless solution for seemingly hopeless situations. This case report aims at miraculous dental transformation utilizing the Patient Specific Implant (PSI) approach.

Case presentation: A 64-year-old male patient presented to the Prosthodontics Department with the chief complaint of missing teeth. He had been struggling with chewing for two years due to a post-mucormycotic maxillary jaw. A CT scan was obtained to evaluate and investigate the affected site. After a comprehensive diagnosis, the treatment of choice was a patient-specific implant decided using 3D printing technology. Reconstructing maxillofacial defects poses significant challenges due to the region's intricate anatomy, as well as its aesthetic and functional implications. The use of pre-formed alloplastic implants and autogenous grafts often leads to complications such as resorption, infection, and displacement. However, recent technological advances have made it possible to fabricate customized patient-specific implants (PSIs) through computer modeling, offering new opportunities for reconstructive surgery.

Conclusion: This case report demonstrates the dental management of post-mucormycotic patients with specially designed implants, customized according to the availability and anatomy of the bone in the entire head region. The absence of complications during follow-up, conducted at 15, 30, 45, and 90 days, and subsequently monthly for two years, highlights the success of this approach. Evaluation parameters included infection, soft tissue recovery, wound separation, masticatory efficiency, stability of the prosthesis, and aesthetic outcomes. The positive outcomes observed at follow-up appointments emphasize the viability and effectiveness of patient-specific implants in addressing maxillary defects caused by post-mucormycosis.

Background: Children with hearing impairment (HI) face communication challenges during dental procedures due to hearing loss. Studies suggest that distraction techniques, like virtual reality (VR), can effectively divert their focus from stressful stimuli, resulting in a more comfortable dental experience. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of distracting children with moderate to severe (HI) with virtual reality glasses that show cartoons in sign language during pulpotomy treatment compared to conventional management techniques.

Methods: Forty children aged five to seven participated in a randomized controlled parallel two-arm clinical trial-the type of behavioral management employed determined which two groups children were randomly placed into. Group I (Study group) used virtual reality glasses as a diversion, while Group II (Control group) used the conventional behavior management approach. Local anesthesia was administrated, and a pulpotomy procedure was performed on the selected tooth, followed by stainless steel crown restoration (SSC). There were three methods used to assess dental anxiety before and after the procedure: the physiological method, which used heart rate (HR); the objective measure, which used the Venham Clinical Anxiety Scale (VCAS); and the subjective measure, which used the modified Facial Affective Scale (FAS). An independent t-test was employed for HR analysis of the difference between the groups as a continuous variable. The Pearson Chi-square test assessed differences between groups for categorical variables, such as (VCAS) (FAS).

Results: No significant differences were found in mean (HR) or (VCAS) between the two groups throughout the procedures: during local anesthesia (p = 0.659, 0.282), pulpotomy (p = 0.482, 0.451), and stainless steel crown preparation (p = 0.090, 0.284). Anxiety levels by (FAS) remained statistically comparable between the two groups before and after the procedures (p = 0.507, 0.749), respectively.

Conclusions: The use of VR glasses revealed no significant advantages in managing children with HI during the dental visit compared to the conventional method of child behavior management.

Trial registration: The trial was prospectively enrolled on 11/11/2023 under the identification number NCT06153823 on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Background: Oxyresveratrol is the main constituent of mulberries and has many bioactive properties beneficial to human health. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of oxyresveratrol on in vitro periodontitis model.

Methods: Human periodontal ligament cells were treated with oxyresveratrol (0, 10, and 20 µg/mL) for 72 h. Cell viability and flow cytometry assays were performed. To investigate anti-inflammatory effect of oxyresveratrol on periodontal inflammation, nitric oxide production under lipopolysaccharide stimulation was assessed. Next, expression of biomarkers associated periodontal inflammation was evaluated. Scratch wound assay was performed to evaluate cell migration/proliferation potential of oxyresveratrol under lipopolysaccharide stimulation.

Results: Periodontal ligament cell toxicity was not observed in oxyresveratrol treatment. Oxyresveratrol treatment significantly inhibited nitric oxide production and reduced MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 expressions after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Regarding cell migration/proliferation, open wound area in oxyresveratrol (33.28 ± 6.80%) was the lowest (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, oxyresveratrol inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in periodontal ligament cells and promoted periodontal ligament cell migration/proliferation. These findings suggest that oxyresveratrol could be valuable for the management of periodontal diseases.

Background: The epidemiology of cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CLP) has not previously been described in the context of the Bhutan and Bhutanese populations. Using National Birth Defects Surveillance Data and other vital statistics, we present the comprehensive epidemiology of the cleft lip and palate in Bhutan.

Methodology: The National Birth Defects Surveillance Data Registry from 2015 to 2022 is reviewed retrospectively, covering 8 years of birth defect surveillance in the country from records maintained with three referral hospitals in the country. The baseline prevalence and incidence of cleft lip and palate have been presented over the years. The incidence of cleft lip and palate was defined as the number of cases per 1000 live births. We used Poisson's regression to compute the incidence of cleft lip and palate. Pearson chi-square tests (χ2) were used to examine the associations of maternal and child characteristics with cleft lip and palate.

Results: A total of 1401 newborns with various birth defects were born among the 89,078 live births from 2015 to 2022 in Bhutan. Of these, 122 (8.7%) constituted orofacial clefts. The prevalence of orofacial clefts tended to increase, with a period prevalence of 1.37 per 1000 live births. There were more cases in males (72) than in females (50). The incidence rate ratio ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 compared with the 2015 baseline year, indicating increased rates over time.

Conclusion: Orofacial clefts constituted 8.7% of total birth defects and 1.37 per 1000 live births over the years. The increasing prevalence trends and incidence rate ratios over the years underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance and interventions to address the burden of orofacial clefts in Bhutan.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Aim: This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of dual-cured luting cement (Bifix QM, VOCO) and flowable composite (Grandio Flow, VOCO) under lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and hybrid ceramic (Grandio Blocs, VOCO; Cerasmart, GC) CAD-CAM blocks with different thicknesses.

Materials and methods: Contrast ratio (CR), translucency (TP_ab, TP₀₀), and opalescence (OP) parameters of 30 disc-shaped CAD-CAM blocks (n = 5) prepared with two different thicknesses (1.5 and 2 mm) and 8 mm diameters were calculated using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V, Zahnfabrik). A total of 36 Bifix QM and Grandio Flow samples were prepared at 100 μm thickness using a specific setup by polymerizing from the top of the blocks. Following immersion in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h, luting materials were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for DC calculation. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, and Independent Samples t-tests (p < 0.05).

Results: It was observed that, as the block thickness increased TP_ab, TP₀₀, and OP decreased, while CR increased. There was no significant difference between the DC of Bifix QM and Grandio Flow when 1.5 mm blocks were used in all groups (p > 0.05). DC of Grandio Flow was significantly higher than Bifix QM under 2 mm-IPS e.max CAD (p = 0.011).

Conclusion: The translucency of the CAD-CAM blocks varies depending on their thickness. However, there was no significant difference in the DC of the luting materials depending on the block thickness. Further studies are needed on the use of flowable resin composites as luting material.

Background: Placement of interradicular orthodontic miniscrews poses a potential risk of root damage, including superficial root contact and root fracture. This case report describes the iatrogenic root-injured tooth movement of a 27-year-old male with skeletal Class III malocclusion as nonsurgical orthodontic treatment.

Case presentation: An orthodontic miniscrew between the mandibular right first and second molars perforated the distal root of the mandibular first molar. A root fracture was discovered 4 months after miniscrew placement. Owing to the potential risk of ankylosis related to surgical intervention, a direct orthodontic distalizing force was applied towards the fractured distal root segment without additional treatment, resulting in considerable movement of the fractured tooth with maintaining tooth vitality. However, gradual root resorption of a fractured tooth with a separate root segment was observed. The mandibular arch distalization of skeletal Class III malocclusion was successfully performed and retained for 3 years 8 months with stable occlusion.

Conclusions: This case reveals a clinical remedy when root movement of a tooth with root fracture is indicated. The use of extra-alveolar miniscrews or miniplates can be considered for mandibular arch distalization to prevent potential root injuries caused by miniscrew placement.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Background: This study aims to analyse the clinical characteristics of different types of odontogenic jawbone cysts (OJCs) and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and clinical treatment.

Methods: Data from 1,038 patients with OJCs were collected, and relevant information, such as sex, age, clinical symptoms and signs, imaging data, number of lesions, lesion location, pathological diagnosis, clinical treatment and prognosis, was statistically analysed.

Results: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of OJCs in 2022, the highest incidence rate was observed for radicular cysts (RCs), accounting for 58.96% of the total number of cases, followed by dentigerous cysts (DCs), accounting for approximately 23.22% of cases. lateral periodontal cysts (LPCs) and calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) comprised the lowest number of cases. The age distribution of patients was between 4 and 89 years, and the high incidence age group was youth and middle age, accounting for 66.67% of the total number of cases. The male-to-female ratio of patients was 1.51:1, and there was a statistically significant difference between the sexes(p < 0.05).In terms of the site of incidence, odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) were prevalent in the mandibular molar region. In addition, mandibular ramus, inflammatory collateral cysts (ICCs) and dentigerous cysts (DCs) were more common in the mandibular third molar, and radicular cysts (RCs) and calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) were prevalent in the maxillary anterior region. On imaging, 955 (92.0%) lesions were solitary, and 83 (8.0%) were multiple. The treatment included four types of surgery, including simple curettage, marsupialization, marsupialization followed by secondary curettage, and partial resection of the jaw, and a total of 921 patients were followed up, with a recurrence rate of 2.82%.

Conclusions: OJCs are more common in males than in females, and a statistically significant difference is observed in the most prevalent types of cysts occurring at different ages and in various regions of the jawbone (p < 0.05). Early diagnosis should be made with the help of X-rays, age, location, and clinical symptoms. In addition, appropriate treatment methods should be selected, and long-term follow-up observation is needed.

Background: Objectives were to assess the mouth opening ability (MOA) among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in comparison to a healthy control population. The impact of microstomia (decrease in any of the MOA parameters) on physical performance and long-term survival was also investigated.

Methods: Interincisal (ID), interlabial (LD), the intercommissural distances at both opened mouth and closed mouth (OW, CW) and the oral area (OA) and circumference (OC) all were assessed in 131 SSc patients. Microstomia was defined based on the oral aperture values of a healthy control group (n = 63) with similar median age and sex distribution. Tests evaluating functional performance were performed. Survival analysis by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed.

Results: Microstomia was present in 56.5% of the entire SSc cohort. Patients with microstomia had higher number of contractures compared to those with preserved oral aperture parameters (median 10 vs. 7, p < 0.01). LD, OA and OC correlated negatively with the number of joint contractures, both in the entire SSc cohort and separately in the diffuse (dcSSc) and limited cutaneous subsets (lcSSc), (rho: between - 0.267 and - 0.516, p < 0.05). Reduced ID was associated with worse Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) only in dcSSc while reduced LD was linked to increased HAQ-DI scores in both SSc subsets. Decreased OA upon enrollment was associated with an increased risk in mortality by multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR: 2.74; 95% CI, 1.15-6.53).

Conclusions: Microstomia was associated with joint damage, and higher overall disability based on HAQ-DI. Interlabial distance was a beneficial, convenient measurable parameter to characterize oral aperture. Oral area was an independent poor prognostic factor regarding long-term survival.