BMC Oral Health最新文献

Background: Despite the growing need for culturally valid oral health tools in refugee populations, no validated Amharic-language versions of key instruments currently exist. This review synthesises how the OHIP-14 and WHO Oral Health Assessment tools have been adapted across linguistic and cultural contexts, with implications for Amharic-speaking Ethiopian refugees.

Aim: To assess how OHIP-14 and WHO-OHAFT have been cross-culturally adapted and validated globally, and to identify gaps and equity implications for developing Amharic-language tools in refugee contexts.

Methods: We conducted a hybrid systematic-narrative review of 21 studies, using structured database and grey-literature searches followed by descriptive mapping and thematic synthesis. Studies were charted by language, adaptation procedures, and psychometric properties (e.g., Cronbach's α, intraclass correlation coefficients). Cross-cultural adaptation frameworks, such as those of Beaton et al. and WHO translation guidelines, guided the assessment of methodological and linguistic rigour across studies.

Results: Three main themes emerged: [1] consistent psychometric strength across diverse cultural adaptations; [2] methodological variation and reporting gaps in cross-cultural validation; and [3] a complete absence of validated Amharic-language tools. While Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.72 to 0.99 (mean = 0.88), many studies omitted essential adaptation steps. Refugee-specific oral health beliefs, such as spiritual interpretations of pain, are rarely integrated.

Conclusion: This review highlights both strong potential and critical limitations in current cross-cultural oral health assessments. It emphasises the ethical and clinical needs for developing validated, culturally appropriate Amharic tools. Cross-cultural adaptation should be seen as a step towards linguistic justice and oral health equity for Amharic-speaking refugee and displaced populations.

Background: Apexification in immature teeth represents a clinical challenge due to the difficulty of achieving an effective apical seal and sufficient mechanical resistance. Bioceramic materials such as MTA Repair HP, Bio-C Repair, Biodentine, and PBS Cimmo HP have been developed to improve sealing ability and bond strength. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare, in vitro, the apical marginal adaptation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and bond strength through the push-out test of these four calcium silicate- based cements used as an apical barrier.

Methods: Forty simulated models of immature teeth with open apex were created. The specimens were divided into four groups to create an apical plug: G1 (MTA Repair HP), G2 (Bio-C Repair), G3 (Biodentine) and G4 (Cimmo HP). The apical portion of the specimens was sectioned, into2.5 mm slices. The adaptation of the apical barrier was assessed using SEM and the bond strength was evaluated by the push-out test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results: MTA Repair HP showed significantly better marginal adaptation compared to Cimmo HP (p < 0.05), while no statistical difference were found among the other materials. In contrast, PBS Cimmo HP exhibited the highest bond strength, significantly superior to Bio-C Repair (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found among the other materials. Both MTA Repair HP and Biodentine demonstrated consistent performance in both tests. Adhesive fracture was the most frequent type of failure observed across all materials.

Conclusion: MTA Repair HP, provided superior marginal adaptation, favoring its indication for apical sealing and prevention of leakage. Conversely, Cimmo HP, with its higher compressive strength, may be better suited for cases requiring greater mechanical resistance. Understanding the distinct properties of these materials assists clinicians in selecting the most appropriate bioceramic cement for apexification procedures.