BMC Oral Health最新文献

Background: Radiomics investigation strategies can be applied to head and neck tumours, including lesion segmentation, tumour grading and staging prediction. Texture features from PET/CT radiomics, particularly those reflecting metabolic heterogeneity within the primary tumour, have shown substantial predictive value for lymph node metastasis in oral cancer. Accurate prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral cancer is crucial, as it is the most significant prognostic factor influencing treatment planning and patient survival.

Method: An extensive search across PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, was carried out. The present review included 40 studies, of which 33 were included in the meta-analysis of the prediction of lymph node metastasis and tumour grading.

Results: The pooled sensitivity, specificity and Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) of the AI models for the prediction of LN metastases were 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.90), 0.91 (95% CI 0.87-0.93), and 56.58 (95% CI 21.68-91.48), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR of the AI models for the grading of OSCC were 0.88 (95% CI 0.54-0.98), 0.82 (95% CI 0.76-0.87), and 34.38 (95% CI 24.24-103), respectively.

Conclusion: To mitigate the elevated misinterpretation rate of lymph node metastasis (LNMs), it is prudent to incorporate ML/DL into the imaging identification of LNMs in oral cancer. Radiomic CT characteristics of oral cancer indicate tumour heterogeneity and can forecast histopathologic attributes. These exploratory investigations suggest that the AI and radiomics prediction framework may function as an additional non-invasive diagnostic tool for oral cancer, enhancing the objectivity and accuracy of tumour staging and grading and providing guidance for future therapies.

Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) are initial caries caused by early demineralization. Nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) paste is one of the most recent non-fluoridated remineralizing agents; however, few clinical studies have reported its remineralizing effect on such lesions. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the remineralization and color change of WSL after NHA alone was used versus NHA pretreatment with either microabrasion or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and no treatment as a negative control.

Methods: Twenty children aged 10 to 14 years with 40 teeth affected with WSL; were randomly assigned to 4 groups (10 teeth in each group); group I: pretreatment with microabrasion followed by NHA paste, group II: pretreatment with 5.25% NaOCl, followed by NHA paste, group III: NHA paste alone, and group IV: negative control with no treatment applied. The remineralization ability was assessed via diagnodent device and color changes were assessed via a Vita easy shade device before and after treatment; and one, two and six weeks after treatment.

Results: For the change in Diagnodent readings, there was a significant difference between groups (I, II, III) at different intervals, which as significantly greater than that of group IV at a p value < 0.001. However, for Group IV, the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.332). The color changes measured after 2 and 6 weeks were significantly greater in groups (I), (II) and (III) than group IV (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: NHA could be a good non fluoridated option to remineralize and improve the color of WSL at different treatment intervals. Pretreatment with microabrasion and NaOCl enhances its remineralization and color improvement properties.

Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov at 6/2/2025, with ID: NCT06834464.

Background: This in vitro study evaluates the effects of adding ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) to platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) matrices on growth factor release, cytokine levels, and mechanical properties.

Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) participated in the study. Seven tubes of venous blood were collected from each participant. Samples were divided into three groups: control (PRF), vitamin C-augmented PRF (VitC-PRF), and vitamin D-augmented PRF (VitD-PRF). All PRF samples were prepared using a standard centrifugation protocol (2700 rpm, 12 min). Growth factors (IGF-1, PDGF, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-β1) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) were analysed by ELISA at 24 and 72 h. Mechanical properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength, and elongation tests.

Results: The VitC-PRF group demonstrated significantly higher tensile strength and elongation compared to both the control and VitD-PRF groups (p < 0.05). FGF-2 and PDGF levels were highest in the VitD-PRF group, while the control group exhibited the highest levels of IGF-1 and TGF-β1. IL-1β levels were significantly lower in the VitC-PRF group compared to the other groups, with no significant differences in TNF-α levels between groups.

Conclusions: The addition of ascorbic acid and cholecalciferol to PRF enhanced its mechanical properties and exhibited favorable biological effects on growth factors and inflammatory processes. These findings suggest that vitamin-enriched PRF could be a promising approach for optimizing periodontal regeneration.

Background: This in-vitro study was planned to evaluate the fracture load of translucent zirconia overlay restoration made with different tooth preparation designs.

Materials and methods: Thirty-two sound mandibular molars were divided into four main groups (n = 8), based on different overlay preparation designs. Group 1 anatomic cusps with chamfer finish line (ACC), group 2: flat cusp with chamfer finish line (FCC), group 3: anatomic cusp reduction with proximal steps (ACS), group 4: flat cups reduction with proximal steps (FCS). The teeth were restored using translucent monolithic zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar, FL). Cementation was performed using adhesive resin cement. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 45 days then followed by cyclic loading fatigue for 120,000 cycles. Finally, specimens were fractured under compressive load in Newton (N) using a universal testing machine. A stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine and categorize the failure pattern modes. Two and one-way ANOVAs and Post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results: Group ACC demonstrated the highest fracture resistance (4371 ± 440), followed by ACS group (3995 ± 274) and FCC group (3954 ± 698), FCS group showed the lowest fracture load (3483 ± 567).

Conclusion: Both cusp design and margin design affected fracture resistance. Anatomical cusp with chamfer finish line showed the highest fracture resistance.

Background: The Hall Technique (HT) is a minimally invasive restorative approach for managing carious primary molars, in which stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are cemented over the tooth without local anaesthesia, tooth preparation, or carious tissue removal. The aim of this study was to compare the success of the HT and the modified HT in primary molars with deep dentine caries over a 24-month follow-up period.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal randomized controlled study included 268 primary molars with deep carious lesions. The teeth were randomly allocated into 2 study arms: HT (n = 134) and modified HT (n = 134). In the modified HT group, unlike those in the HT group, the necrotic and contaminated outermost layer of the carious lesion was removed with an excavator to soft dentine. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were performed by a blinded evaluator after 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. In addition, the 24-month treatment outcome was evaluated according to tooth group, surfaces affected by caries, preoperative pain, and SSC fit. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests. Success and failure rates were compared with the two-proportion z test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: At the 24-month follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in treatment success rates between the HT group (86.6%) and the modified HT group (92.8%) (p = 0.121). Within the HT group, teeth with insufficient SSC fit showed a significantly higher rate of major failures and a significantly lower success rate compared to those with sufficient fit (p = 0.005). In the modified HT group, first primary molars exhibited a significantly higher rate of minor failures, whereas second primary molars demonstrated a significantly higher treatment success rate (p = 0.034).

Conclusions: Both the HT and the modified HT exhibited high success rates over a 24-month follow-up period, with no statistically significant difference observed between the two methods. In the HT group, proper SSC fit is important for reducing failure rates.

Trial registration: Clinical trial registration number NCT05220865, date of registration 22.01.2022.

Background: Systemic antibiotic administration requires repeated dosing to maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations. Controlled drug delivery systems reduce the need for continuous systemic antibiotic use by ensuring that the drug is released at the target site, at an effective dose, and for a specific period of time. In this study, amoxicillin and clindamycin were loaded onto silk and Vicryl sutures, which were surface-activated via non-thermal atmospheric plasma. The antibiotic binding capacities and controlled release profiles of these systems were subsequently evaluated.

Methods: Suture surfaces were modified using atmospheric plasma to enhance adhesion properties. Amoxicillin and clindamycin were loaded onto silk and Vicryl sutures via glutaraldehyde or chitosan cross-linkers to form eight experimental groups. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. Samples were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and antibiotic release was quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h.

Results: In vitro experiments revealed a clear influence of both the suture material and the type of cross-linking agent on antibiotic release, and this effect also depended on the antibiotic used (p < 0.001). Silk sutures treated with glutaraldehyde and loaded with clindamycin exhibited the highest release concentration (591.6 ng/mL), followed by the silk-chitosan-clindamycin group (190.21 ng/mL). Conversely, the lowest release was observed in the silk-glutaraldehyde-amoxicillin group (2.58 ng/mL). The comparative evaluation indicated that silk sutures released more antibiotic than Vicryl, glutaraldehyde provided higher release than chitosan, and clindamycin showed markedly greater release than amoxicillin (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Surface modification with atmospheric plasma is an effective strategy to enhance the functional characteristics of antibiotic-releasing sutures. This study demonstrates that modified silk and Vicryl materials can achieve site-specific and time-regulated antibiotic delivery. Notably, the silk-glutaraldehyde-clindamycin formulation exhibited the highest release levels and the most robust antibacterial response. These findings suggest that antibiotic-loaded sutures serve as a safe and practical alternative for preventing surgical site infections, potentially reducing reliance on systemic antibiotics. Ultimately, this approach supports the development of next-generation biomaterials designed to mitigate antibiotic resistance and optimize local infection control.