BMC Oral Health最新文献

Background: Various types of crowns are used for full-coverage restoration of primary teeth affected by caries, developmental defects, or after pulp therapy. Prefabricated Stainless Steel and Zirconia crowns are commonly utilized. Bioflx crowns, which blend the properties of Stainless Steel and Zirconia, provide a flexible and aesthetically pleasing alternative.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the vertical marginal gap and fracture resistance of Bioflx pediatric crowns compared to Zirconia and Stainless Steel crowns following thermomechanical aging.

Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted using mandibular second primary crowns of three different materials (n = 30). Crowns were divided into three groups; Zirconia crowns group (n = 10, Nu Smile, USA), Bioflx crowns group (n = 10, Nu Smile, USA) and Stainless Steel crowns group (n = 10, Nu Smile, USA). The crowns were cemented onto standardized acrylic resin dies and subjected to thermomechanical aging. Vertical marginal gap measurements were obtained using a USB digital microscope with an integrated camera, while fracture resistance was assessed with a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed for outliers and tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk or Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, with statistical significance set at 0.05.

Results: Significant differences were observed in the vertical marginal gaps among the groups after cementation and thermomechanical aging (P = 0.013 and P = 0.001, respectively). Zirconia crowns exhibited the largest average marginal gap, followed by Bioflx and Stainless Steel crowns. Stainless steel crowns demonstrated the highest fracture resistance, followed by Bioflx crowns, while Zirconia crowns showed the lowest.

Conclusions: Bioflx crowns exhibit the largest vertical marginal gap but show greater fracture resistance compared to Zirconia crowns, although they are still less resistant than Stainless Steel crowns after undergoing thermomechanical aging.

Background: Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most prevalent oral health issues globally. They compromise the supportive structures of teeth and are influenced by both local and systemic factors. This study aimed to systematically assess the impact of systemic conditions on periodontal health in Malaysian population, addressing the gap in understanding these factors as potential risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective, non-interventional study was conducted using medical records from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, from September 2019 to December 2022. The study included patients with periodontitis and systemic conditions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression.

Results: Out of 600 records, 274 patients were included. The cohort was 51.8% male, with a median age of 51 years. Malays accounted for 92.3% of the sample. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbid conditions. Severe periodontitis was significantly associated with age (45-64 years, p = 0.018) and Malay ethnicity (p = 0.011). Logistic regression revealed that age and ethnicity were significant predictors of periodontitis severity, with Malays being 12.5 times more likely to develop severe periodontitis.

Conclusion: Systemic conditions significantly influence periodontitis development and progression. Age and ethnicity are crucial predictors of periodontitis severity in the Malaysian population. Comprehensive risk assessment tools are necessary to incorporate a broader spectrum of risk factors for better management and prevention.

Background: To investigate the effects of thermal cycling and surface treatment methods on the bonding effectiveness of multi-step resin cements to CAD/CAM blocks.

Methods: A total of 198 slices, 66 each from CAD/CAM blocks (feldspathic ceramic: Vitablocs TriLuxe Forte, V; resin matrix ceramics (RMCs): Cerasmart, C; and Shofu Block HC, S), were obtained and randomly divided into two subgroups for etching with hydrofluoric acid (HFA) and sandblasting with Al₂O₃ (SB). After the surface treatments, one etched and one sandblasted sample of each CAD/CAM block was observed via SEM analysis at 500× magnification. The remaining 32 etched and 32 sandblasted samples of each CAD/CAM block were divided into two subgroups to be cemented with total-etch (TE) and self-etch (SE) resin cements. Then, half of the 16 samples in all the subgroups were subjected to aging (TC) for 5000 cycles (n = 8). The shear bond strength (SBS) of each sample was measured. Four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).

Results: With or without TC, the highest SBS values for V were obtained with the HFA-TE and HFA-SE interactions, respectively. C presented the highest SBS values with HFA-SE and SB-TE interactions, whereas S presented the highest SBS values with SB-TE and HFA-TE interactions. Except the SB-SE interaction, C presented lower SBS values after TC than other materials. HFA created less porosity on the C and S surfaces than V. SB visibly roughened the surfaces of all the materials but caused fractures, cracks, and damage to the surfaces.

Conclusion: Similar SBS values can be achieved between feldspathics, RMCs, and multi-step adhesive resins with both HFA and SB treatments. However, the SBS values obtained from the SB-SE interaction may be below the recommended threshold values for all materials after TC. SB can cause distinctive cavities, fissures, and damage, especially on the surfaces of RMCs.

Background: WNT7B is a glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of WNT7B in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: Bioinformatic databases, immunohistochemistry, a real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect WNT7B expression in OSCC. The clinical and prognostic importance of WNT7B expression was evaluated. WNT7B expression was examined in oral leukoplakia and carcinoma induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in mice. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses were performed to elucidate the role of WNT7B in OSCC cells. Subcutaneous tumor model was established to observe the effects of WNT7B on tumor growth. Co-Immunoprecipitation was used to explore the Frizzled receptors that WNT7B may bind to.

Results: WNT7B upregulated in OSCC and associated with lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion, and an unfavorable prognosis in patients with OSCC. A gradual increased in WNT7B expression during the malignant progression of OSCC. WNT7B promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, while silencing WNT7B abolished these effects. Knocking down the expression of WNT7B inhibits tumor growth in vivo. WNT7B functions by binding to the Frizzled 7 receptor and facilitates the nuclear translocation of β-catenin.

Conclusions: WNT7B contributes to the progression of OSCC by modulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings highlight the potential of WNT7B as a novel prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target for OSCC.

Aims: Social culture concerns and betel quid (BQ) dependence may be the potential reasons for BQ chewing. This study's purpose was to identify the correlates of reasons for male BQ chewing.

Methods: We adopted a mixed-methods design. The study was conducted between October 2021 and August 2023 at a medical center of northern Taiwan. The Reasons for Betel-Quid Chewing Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, and Betel Quid Dependence Scale were used to quantitatively assess reasons for BQ chewing, stress, and BQ dependence, respectively. Semi-structured questions were used to interview for qualitative data.

Results: Among 150 BQ users, the most common reasons for BQ chewing were stimulation, reinforcement, and social/cultural factors. Chewers who reported more pressure to chew were more likely to be younger, have less educational level, be employed, have greater stress, and have more BQ dependence. Content analysis of qualitative data showed three themes: physical and psychological demands, peer pressure, and perceived greater effectiveness.

Conclusion: Employment was the factor most commonly associated with reasons for BQ chewing and with each construct. Study findings can help healthcare professionals understand reasons for BQ chewing, thereby helping them educate chewers to cope with withdrawal symptoms and successfully quit.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a light curable resin-modified glass ionomer varnish (Vanish^TM XT) in the prevention of occlusal caries compared to topical fluoride varnish in newly erupted first permanent molars over 18 months.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted using a split-mouth design. A total of 53 participants aged 6-9 years with 97 pairs of caries-free newly erupted first permanent molars were enrolled in the study. Each molar in the pair was randomly assigned either to the experimental group, which received the Vanish^TM XT Extended Contact Varnish, or to the control group, which received topical fluoride varnish (Vanish^TM 5% Sodium Fluoride White Varnish). Follow-ups were performed at 6, 12, and 18 months to evaluate dental caries development.

Results: At the 6-month follow-up, caries development was significantly higher in the control group (7.8%) than that in the experimental group (0%) (P = 0.031). At the 12-month follow-up, significantly (P = 0.012) more occlusal caries developed in the control group (12.2%) compared to the experimental group (1.2%). At the 18-month follow-up, significantly (P = 0.002) more occlusal caries developed in the control group (14.3%) compared to the experimental group (1.1%).

Conclusion: Compared to fluoride varnish, Vanish^TM XT was significantly more effective in preventing caries on the occlusal surfaces of newly erupted first permanent molars at 6, 12, and 18 months.

Trial registration: Registration number at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04579536 on 08/10/ 2020, retrospectively registered.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate stress distribution in unilateral maxillary defects using finite element analysis (FEA) to compare subperiosteal (SI) and zygomatic implants (ZI).

Materials and methods: A 3D model of a unilaterally atrophied maxilla was reconstructed from CT scans. Five scenarios were simulated: (1) quad zygoma implants (SC1), (2) zygoma and conventional implants (SC2), (3) two-piece SI and conventional implants (SC3), (4) one-piece SI and conventional implants (SC4) and (5) one-piece SI implant (SC5). Mechanical properties were assigned based on data in the literature; a 450 N force for occlusal loading and a 93 N force for oblique loads were applied.

Results: Under vertical loading, SC2 exhibited the highest tensile stress (Pmax) in the atrophic region (R-AM), while SC4 showed the lowest Pmax across the entire maxilla, indicating better stress distribution. Under oblique forces, SC2 also showed the highest Pmax in R-AM, while SC5 had the lowest Pmax overall. Minimum principal stress (Pmin) followed similar patterns, with SC4 and SC5 demonstrating lower stress levels than the other scenarios. Abutment stresses were highest in SC2 and lowest in SC4. Overall, the SI scenarios (SC3-SC5) exhibited lower stress transmission to the alveolar bone than the ZI scenarios (SC1 and SC2), with SC4 providing the most balanced stress distribution across all regions.

Conclusions: SI implants, mainly the one-piece SI (SC4), offered a more favourable stress distribution than ZI implants in unilateral maxillary defects, reducing the risk of excessive bone stress. This finding suggests that SI implants may be superior for such cases, although individual patient anatomy should guide implant selection. Further clinical studies are necessary to confirm these biomechanical findings in vivo.

Clinical relevance: This study underscores the crucial role of implant selection in minimising stress on the alveolar bone in unilateral maxillary defects. Based on these findings, we recommend personalised implant strategies based on biomechanical insights to enhance outcomes in maxillofacial reconstruction.

Background: Obesity and dental caries are two major global public health concerns. There have been conflicting reports about the relationship between obesity and dental caries. This study intends to examine the link between obesity and dental caries across the five regions of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The study involved 380 participants, which was a cross-sectional survey, with an age range of 6 to 14. We distributed a self-reported questionnaire to assess the participants body mass index (BMI) and caries (dmft/DMFT). In this study, descriptive analysis, student t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analysis were used.

Results: The study comprised 380 respondents, consisting of females (60.8%) and males (39.2%), with a mean age of 9.1 years and mean BMI of 26.3. The prevalence of caries among the study respondents was 66.6% (Table 2), and this prevalence was higher among females (67.5%), those who consumed sugar more than six times (77.5%), those who brushed their teeth once per day (80.3%), those who used no dental floss (68.4%), those who did not use mouthwash or rinse (68.4%), and those in the east and center regions (100%). The obese possess a statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher mean dmft/DMFT (dmft = 8.00 and DMFT = 6.00). Furthermore, BMI had a negative influence on the DMFT score (b = -0.01, P = 0.776), which was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Participants categorized as obese demonstrated a notably higher mean dmft/DMFT in comparison to their non-obese counterparts. Although BMI showed a negative impact on the DMFT score, this association did not reach statistical significance.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between toothbrushing behavior and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) among middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Data from the Beijing Health Service Survey were used to estimate the association between toothbrushing behavior and the risk of CMM using multilevel logistic models (N = 18,158).

Results: There were 554 patients with CMM, with a prevalence of 3.05%. We found a higher risk of CMM for those with toothbrushing once or less (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.80, 2.59) compared with those brushed two or more times per day in the crude model. After adjusting for confounding factors, the association between the two remained significant (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.39, 2.04). The effect size was higher in adults with a higher education level (OR = 2.32) compared to those with a lower education level (OR = 1.39, P _{forinteraction}<0.01).

Conclusions: Poor toothbrushing practices were associated with CMM among middle-aged and older people. Longitudinal study can be considered to explore the causal association between the two and whether good toothbrushing habits can predict CMM and its progression.