Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo, C. Nwigwe, Theresa N. Meludu, Ikechukwu C. Anyasie
{"title":"Technical efficiency of rice farmers in Anambra State value chain development programme","authors":"Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo, C. Nwigwe, Theresa N. Meludu, Ikechukwu C. Anyasie","doi":"10.5897/jdae2020.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2020.1150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo, C. Nwigwe, Theresa N. Meludu, Ikechukwu C. Anyasie
{"title":"Technical efficiency of rice farmers in Anambra State value chain development programme","authors":"Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo, C. Nwigwe, Theresa N. Meludu, Ikechukwu C. Anyasie","doi":"10.5897/jdae2020.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2020.1150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims to explore smallholder’s household living standard relevant to slash-and-burn agriculture, and determine trend of key crops grown with respect to their production and related generated average gross income in the region of Faradje, in the far northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Surveys were conducted on agronomic and social economic characteristics prevailing in the area, in five localities, involving 50 farming households based on a questionnaire designed. Questions asked were about yield and gross income, considered as dependent variables as well as household size, farmland area, farming systems, crop types, distance between farms and home, farm task allocation, duration of fallowing, types of off-farm activities and number of reared animals taken as independent variables. Graphs were plotted using R statistic package (Version 3.6.1, 2019-07-05) and correlation analysis was conducted using Genstat 12th edition. The results showed that each household produced yearly on average 793.71 kg of paddy rice, 194.96 kg of maize grain, 175 kg of cassava chips, 70.50 kg of groundnut seeds and 8.60 kg of beans on an average of 0.81 ha of cropland in two cropping seasons. The results also showed that the total annual average income earned by one household was US $ 940.60 with individual average income of US $188.90. This was slightly higher than the national average real gross domestic product (GDP) in 2008 estimated at US $171; however, the figure was still unfortunately below the minimum of US $1 per day (0.52 US $/day) suggesting that slash-and–burn agriculture cropping system is far to achieve food security and accordingly improvement of economic situation in Faradje DRC. The household size and number of agricultural workers/households were weakly correlated with the average gross income (respectively, r = 0.29 and r = 0.35) whereas cropland surface area was moderately associated with the average gross income (r = 0.74). This demonstrates the importance of cropland surface in this cropping system in Faradje; suggesting that increasing farmers’ gross average income through slash-and-burn cropping system requires cropland expansion. Consequently, much should be undertaken to mitigate adverse effects of the established cropping system over the overall environment. Key words: Slash-and-burn agriculture, gross income, Faradje, DR Congo.
{"title":"Slash-and-burn agriculture, the major cropping system in the region of Faradje in Democratic Republic of Congo: Ecological and socio-economic consequences","authors":"G. Tanzito, P. A. Ibanda, R. Talaguma, N. Lusanga","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1140","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to explore smallholder’s household living standard relevant to slash-and-burn agriculture, and determine trend of key crops grown with respect to their production and related generated average gross income in the region of Faradje, in the far northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Surveys were conducted on agronomic and social economic characteristics prevailing in the area, in five localities, involving 50 farming households based on a questionnaire designed. Questions asked were about yield and gross income, considered as dependent variables as well as household size, farmland area, farming systems, crop types, distance between farms and home, farm task allocation, duration of fallowing, types of off-farm activities and number of reared animals taken as independent variables. Graphs were plotted using R statistic package (Version 3.6.1, 2019-07-05) and correlation analysis was conducted using Genstat 12th edition. The results showed that each household produced yearly on average 793.71 kg of paddy rice, 194.96 kg of maize grain, 175 kg of cassava chips, 70.50 kg of groundnut seeds and 8.60 kg of beans on an average of 0.81 ha of cropland in two cropping seasons. The results also showed that the total annual average income earned by one household was US $ 940.60 with individual average income of US $188.90. This was slightly higher than the national average real gross domestic product (GDP) in 2008 estimated at US $171; however, the figure was still unfortunately below the minimum of US $1 per day (0.52 US $/day) suggesting that slash-and–burn agriculture cropping system is far to achieve food security and accordingly improvement of economic situation in Faradje DRC. The household size and number of agricultural workers/households were weakly correlated with the average gross income (respectively, r = 0.29 and r = 0.35) whereas cropland surface area was moderately associated with the average gross income (r = 0.74). This demonstrates the importance of cropland surface in this cropping system in Faradje; suggesting that increasing farmers’ gross average income through slash-and-burn cropping system requires cropland expansion. Consequently, much should be undertaken to mitigate adverse effects of the established cropping system over the overall environment. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Slash-and-burn agriculture, gross income, Faradje, DR Congo.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49573727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osman Nabay, M. Koroma, A. Johnson, E. Hinckley, G. Dumbuya, Jebeh Samba-Bakar
The adoption of research outputs to bring the desired impacts is a major factor of any research work. Based on this premise, adoption likelihood analysis was used to determine the maximum likelihood of adoption of orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) in Sierra Leone. The study was conducted in Western Area, Moyamba, Bo, Kenema and Bombali districts. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select the study samples. Data was collected from 200 sweet potato farmers using android devices programme with the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro 6.3) software package. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the awareness and level of cultivation of OFSP genotypes and inferential statistics to determine the maximum likelihood (rate) of adoption. From the results, there is a high level of awareness (57.7%) of OFSP genotypes by sweet potato farmers within the treatment communities as opposed to farmers in the control communities (19.2%). The high level of awareness of OFSP genotypes by the farmers within the treatment communities is as a result of the establishment of SLARI trials and with frequent discussions taking place between farmers, research scientist and technicians. The results of the adoption likelihood analysis showed that different maximum adoption rates can be achieved by combining different dimensions in the three-function adoption likelihood model. Based on the farmer’s category, production goals and environments model, OFSP genotypes are likely to be adopted by farmers in the study area (MAR = 98.04%). However, the adoption rate is likely to be higher for farmers who prefer improved varieties, mainly cultivating for income, and have access to both upland and lowland ecologies. Therefore, those recommended factors should be considered in the future planning for OFSP interventions in Sierra Leone. Key words: Adoption, likelihood analysis, orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) genotypes, treatment communities, control communities.
{"title":"Assessing the likelihood of adoption of orange-flesh sweet potato genotypes in Sierra Leone","authors":"Osman Nabay, M. Koroma, A. Johnson, E. Hinckley, G. Dumbuya, Jebeh Samba-Bakar","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1117","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of research outputs to bring the desired impacts is a major factor of any research work. Based on this premise, adoption likelihood analysis was used to determine the maximum likelihood of adoption of orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) in Sierra Leone. The study was conducted in Western Area, Moyamba, Bo, Kenema and Bombali districts. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select the study samples. Data was collected from 200 sweet potato farmers using android devices programme with the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro 6.3) software package. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the awareness and level of cultivation of OFSP genotypes and inferential statistics to determine the maximum likelihood (rate) of adoption. From the results, there is a high level of awareness (57.7%) of OFSP genotypes by sweet potato farmers within the treatment communities as opposed to farmers in the control communities (19.2%). The high level of awareness of OFSP genotypes by the farmers within the treatment communities is as a result of the establishment of SLARI trials and with frequent discussions taking place between farmers, research scientist and technicians. The results of the adoption likelihood analysis showed that different maximum adoption rates can be achieved by combining different dimensions in the three-function adoption likelihood model. Based on the farmer’s category, production goals and environments model, OFSP genotypes are likely to be adopted by farmers in the study area (MAR = 98.04%). However, the adoption rate is likely to be higher for farmers who prefer improved varieties, mainly cultivating for income, and have access to both upland and lowland ecologies. Therefore, those recommended factors should be considered in the future planning for OFSP interventions in Sierra Leone. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adoption, likelihood analysis, orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) genotypes, treatment communities, control communities.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44548253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to measure white maize grain price transmission among markets in Mozambique and Malawi. Our analysis included two major deficit markets (Maputo in Southern Mozambique and Blantyre in Southern Malawi) and two major surplus markets (Chimoio in Central Mozambique and Nampula in Northern Mozambique). We used monthly wholesale white maize grain prices covering the period 2000 through 2016 to test for and quantify the magnitude of short- and long-run price transmission. To do so, we employed a combination of methodological approaches: Johansen cointegration test, Granger causality test and error correction model (ECM). Our findings revealed that Chimoio market has joint long-run relationship with Maputo, Nampula and Blantyre markets. All three Mozambique market pairs (Maputo and Chimoio; Maputo and Nampula; and Chimoio and Nampula) exhibited bidirectional causality in the long run. However, price changes in Maputo, Chimoio and Nampula are transmitted to Blantyre, but not the reverse. In the short run, only two Mozambique market pairs (Maputo and Chimoio, and Chimoio and Nampula) show bidirectional causality. Blantyre appeared to not exhibit short-run causality with Maputo, Chimoio nor Nampula. Key words: Market integration, white maize grain, causality, price transmission
{"title":"Spatial price transmission between white maize grain markets in Mozambique and Malawi","authors":"Helder Zavale, Rafael da Cruz Macamo","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1125","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to measure white maize grain price transmission among markets in Mozambique and Malawi. Our analysis included two major deficit markets (Maputo in Southern Mozambique and Blantyre in Southern Malawi) and two major surplus markets (Chimoio in Central Mozambique and Nampula in Northern Mozambique). We used monthly wholesale white maize grain prices covering the period 2000 through 2016 to test for and quantify the magnitude of short- and long-run price transmission. To do so, we employed a combination of methodological approaches: Johansen cointegration test, Granger causality test and error correction model (ECM). Our findings revealed that Chimoio market has joint long-run relationship with Maputo, Nampula and Blantyre markets. All three Mozambique market pairs (Maputo and Chimoio; Maputo and Nampula; and Chimoio and Nampula) exhibited bidirectional causality in the long run. However, price changes in Maputo, Chimoio and Nampula are transmitted to Blantyre, but not the reverse. In the short run, only two Mozambique market pairs (Maputo and Chimoio, and Chimoio and Nampula) show bidirectional causality. Blantyre appeared to not exhibit short-run causality with Maputo, Chimoio nor Nampula. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Market integration, white maize grain, causality, price transmission","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48894260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, the vegetable oil demand is growing due to rising food consumption in emerging countries such as China and due to the high demand for biofuels. The current world vegetable production estimates stand at 187 million tons for the year 2016/2017. Of the estimated vegetable oil production, 70.3 million tons (37.6%) comes from palm and palm kernel, 55 million tons (30%) arise from soybean while the remaining 32.5% are supplied by canola, sunflower, peanut and cottonseed oils. Canola production is becoming an important crop in Kenya due to the high demand for edible oils, with the current production not meeting the current demand. This study evaluates canola production efficiency in Kieni West Constituency and its determinants using a stochastic production frontier approach and a sample of randomly selected 46 canola farmers. The output and input variables measured included the total amount of canola produced, land size under canola production, quantity of canola seeds, labour quantity engaged, and fertilizer quantity. The total input costs and income from canola farming were also evaluated. The mean technical efficiency score was 0.97 with 50% of the farms being efficient. The determinants of canola production included gender of the farmer, age of the farmer, years of schooling of the farmer and number of household members. Canola production was found profitable with the farmers earning an average income of Kshs. 96532.61 (965.32 US$) and a profit of Kshs. 76413.04 (764.13 US$) per season. Thus, the study recommends that there is need for policy makers to promote the crop as an alternative to other crops grown commonly in the area such as maize and coffee which have less return than canola. Measures should specifically be put in place to popularize the crop especially among the younger canola farmers who were found to be more efficient than the older farmers. Seed is also not readily available in Kenya, hence measures that would help farmers’ access high quality canola seeds should be put in place. Key words: Canola, technical efficiency, determinants, Kieni West Constituency.
{"title":"Evaluation of technical efficiency of edible oil production: The case of canola production in Kieni West Constituency, Kenya","authors":"Crispas Muiru Wambui, E. Majiwa","doi":"10.5897/JDAE2019.1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2019.1127","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the vegetable oil demand is growing due to rising food consumption in emerging countries such as China and due to the high demand for biofuels. The current world vegetable production estimates stand at 187 million tons for the year 2016/2017. Of the estimated vegetable oil production, 70.3 million tons (37.6%) comes from palm and palm kernel, 55 million tons (30%) arise from soybean while the remaining 32.5% are supplied by canola, sunflower, peanut and cottonseed oils. Canola production is becoming an important crop in Kenya due to the high demand for edible oils, with the current production not meeting the current demand. This study evaluates canola production efficiency in Kieni West Constituency and its determinants using a stochastic production frontier approach and a sample of randomly selected 46 canola farmers. The output and input variables measured included the total amount of canola produced, land size under canola production, quantity of canola seeds, labour quantity engaged, and fertilizer quantity. The total input costs and income from canola farming were also evaluated. The mean technical efficiency score was 0.97 with 50% of the farms being efficient. The determinants of canola production included gender of the farmer, age of the farmer, years of schooling of the farmer and number of household members. Canola production was found profitable with the farmers earning an average income of Kshs. 96532.61 (965.32 US$) and a profit of Kshs. 76413.04 (764.13 US$) per season. Thus, the study recommends that there is need for policy makers to promote the crop as an alternative to other crops grown commonly in the area such as maize and coffee which have less return than canola. Measures should specifically be put in place to popularize the crop especially among the younger canola farmers who were found to be more efficient than the older farmers. Seed is also not readily available in Kenya, hence measures that would help farmers’ access high quality canola seeds should be put in place. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Canola, technical efficiency, determinants, Kieni West Constituency.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41496394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of the Ethiopian economy is directly related to the transformation of the agricultural sector which is manifested with low utilization of recommended agronomic practices, improved farm inputs, and dependency on traditional farming and rainfall. As a result, low production and productivity of agriculture were prevalent over the last years. This study aims to identify the factors influencing adoption of recommended agronomic practices of wheat farming. Two-stage sampling method was applied to select 204 smallholder wheat producing farmers. Simple descriptive statistics and econometrics model such as multivariate probit model were used. The result of the model indicates that formal education level, family size, farm size, distance to the input market, use of chemical fertilizers and the use of credit have negatively and statistically significant effect on adoption decision while off-farm income, access of social media, cultivated land size, and attitude towards risk have positively and statistically significant effect on adoption decision of agronomic practices among wheat producing farmers. Moreover, early planting has a negative effect on distance to input market, farm size, and use of chemical fertilizers. The study recommended that government and other concerned body should develop the supply of inputs provision mechanism, credit, land, awareness creation through media. Key words: Adoption of agronomic practices, multivariate probit model, and Ethiopia.
{"title":"Determinants of recommended agronomic practices adoption among wheat producing smallholder farmers in Sekela District of West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Gedefaw Abebe, Sisay Debebe","doi":"10.5897/jdae2018.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2018.1036","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the Ethiopian economy is directly related to the transformation of the agricultural sector which is manifested with low utilization of recommended agronomic practices, improved farm inputs, and dependency on traditional farming and rainfall. As a result, low production and productivity of agriculture were prevalent over the last years. This study aims to identify the factors influencing adoption of recommended agronomic practices of wheat farming. Two-stage sampling method was applied to select 204 smallholder wheat producing farmers. Simple descriptive statistics and econometrics model such as multivariate probit model were used. The result of the model indicates that formal education level, family size, farm size, distance to the input market, use of chemical fertilizers and the use of credit have negatively and statistically significant effect on adoption decision while off-farm income, access of social media, cultivated land size, and attitude towards risk have positively and statistically significant effect on adoption decision of agronomic practices among wheat producing farmers. Moreover, early planting has a negative effect on distance to input market, farm size, and use of chemical fertilizers. The study recommended that government and other concerned body should develop the supply of inputs provision mechanism, credit, land, awareness creation through media. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adoption of agronomic practices, multivariate probit model, and Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43579378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty is a phenomenon that is complex and has multidimensional features. It involves people experiencing various degrees of material deprivation; the concept is used to cover a wide ranging set of interrelated life chances. The purpose of this study was to measure poverty in rural Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia with specific objectives of measuring poverty among the rural households. The research was undertaken using a cross sectional design on a random sample of 325 households in the study area. The sample size was determined based on multi stage sampling procedure. In order to achieve its objective, primary data was collected through survey and interview using semi structured questionnaires. Analysis of data was made after the data collection. In this regard, the Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) approach and FGT measures were employed to set the poverty line and compute the magnitude of rural poverty in the study respectively. The food and absolute poverty lines were calculated based on food basket of 2200 Kcal per adult per day. Accordingly, the food and absolute poverty lines for the study area were determined to be Birr 3952.74 and 4463.35, respectively. The food expenditure takes the lion’s share accounting for about 88.56% (relative to the non-food expenditure) in the consumption expenditure of the poor and thus this substantial expenditure was used for estimating the poverty line. Thereafter, the poverty indices were computed using FGT indices. The incidence, depth and severity of food poverty stood at 0.052, 0.021 and 0.010 respectively, while respective measures for absolute poverty were found to be 0.302, 0.085 and 0.034. These measures indicated that poverty significantly prevails in the study area. All the measures confirm that poverty has been problems and remain major concern in rural development agenda in Ethiopia. Thus, rural poverty alleviation in the study area in particular and rural Ethiopia in general requires context based policies and adoption of strategies to alleviate poverty among the rural households. Key words: Rural households, measuring poverty, cost of basic needs, FGT, Gedeo zone, Ethiopia.
{"title":"Measuring rural poverty among rural households in Gedeo Zone, SNNP Region, Ethiopia","authors":"B. Kibret","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1134","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty is a phenomenon that is complex and has multidimensional features. It involves people experiencing various degrees of material deprivation; the concept is used to cover a wide ranging set of interrelated life chances. The purpose of this study was to measure poverty in rural Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia with specific objectives of measuring poverty among the rural households. The research was undertaken using a cross sectional design on a random sample of 325 households in the study area. The sample size was determined based on multi stage sampling procedure. In order to achieve its objective, primary data was collected through survey and interview using semi structured questionnaires. Analysis of data was made after the data collection. In this regard, the Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) approach and FGT measures were employed to set the poverty line and compute the magnitude of rural poverty in the study respectively. The food and absolute poverty lines were calculated based on food basket of 2200 Kcal per adult per day. Accordingly, the food and absolute poverty lines for the study area were determined to be Birr 3952.74 and 4463.35, respectively. The food expenditure takes the lion’s share accounting for about 88.56% (relative to the non-food expenditure) in the consumption expenditure of the poor and thus this substantial expenditure was used for estimating the poverty line. Thereafter, the poverty indices were computed using FGT indices. The incidence, depth and severity of food poverty stood at 0.052, 0.021 and 0.010 respectively, while respective measures for absolute poverty were found to be 0.302, 0.085 and 0.034. These measures indicated that poverty significantly prevails in the study area. All the measures confirm that poverty has been problems and remain major concern in rural development agenda in Ethiopia. Thus, rural poverty alleviation in the study area in particular and rural Ethiopia in general requires context based policies and adoption of strategies to alleviate poverty among the rural households. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Rural households, measuring poverty, cost of basic needs, FGT, Gedeo zone, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study employed the input-oriented DEA approach with variable returns to scale assumption to assess the technical, scale, allocative and economic efficiencies of 124 randomly selected tomato farmers under irrigation in the Upper East Region using data of the 2017/2018 production season. The mean technical efficiency and scale efficiency were 97.1 and 97% respectively with many farmers experiencing increasing returns to scale. The mean allocative and economic efficiencies were 42.1 and 41.5% respectively. Farmer’s age, tomato land size, fuel quantity, fertilizer quantity and chemical quantity (herbicide and pesticide) were all significant determinants of technical efficiency scores whereas extension visit, tomato land size and chemical quantity significantly influenced both allocative and economic efficiencies. It is recommended that agro-inputs and fuel usage for tomato farmers under irrigation in the dry season be increased to improve technical efficiency. It is also recommended that extension education to farmers on effective inputs allocation and cost minimization strategies be intensified. Key words: Allocative, economic and technical efficiency, data envelopment analysis, Tobit regression, tomatoes, Upper East Region of Ghana
{"title":"An efficiency assessment of irrigated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in the Upper East Region of Ghana","authors":"Nanii Yenihebit, Isaac Abunyuwah, E. Ahiale","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1090","url":null,"abstract":"This study employed the input-oriented DEA approach with variable returns to scale assumption to assess the technical, scale, allocative and economic efficiencies of 124 randomly selected tomato farmers under irrigation in the Upper East Region using data of the 2017/2018 production season. The mean technical efficiency and scale efficiency were 97.1 and 97% respectively with many farmers experiencing increasing returns to scale. The mean allocative and economic efficiencies were 42.1 and 41.5% respectively. Farmer’s age, tomato land size, fuel quantity, fertilizer quantity and chemical quantity (herbicide and pesticide) were all significant determinants of technical efficiency scores whereas extension visit, tomato land size and chemical quantity significantly influenced both allocative and economic efficiencies. It is recommended that agro-inputs and fuel usage for tomato farmers under irrigation in the dry season be increased to improve technical efficiency. It is also recommended that extension education to farmers on effective inputs allocation and cost minimization strategies be intensified. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Allocative, economic and technical efficiency, data envelopment analysis, Tobit regression, tomatoes, Upper East Region of Ghana","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47949661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study determined factors affecting income-poverty among French bean farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Results show that 72.6% of French bean farmers were poor. Relative to the poor households, non-poor had the highest net French bean income per acre (KES. 24,133), total net crop income (KES. 150,608), total net livestock income (KES. 21,674), and off-farm income (KES. 198,070). Aversion to risks (p=0.051 and β=-2.802), household size (p=0.000 and β=-5.032), daily household expenditure per adult equivalent (p=0.001 and β=2.016), net annual household income (p=0.000 and β=7.733), access to credit (p=0.086 and β=1.187), household annual asset value (p=0.051 and β=-0.482) and age of household head (p=0.066 and β=-2.009) statistically and significantly influenced poverty status of French bean farmers. The results suggest that crop insurance, farm diversification and expansion of acreage under Global-GAP certified French bean are necessary strategies for French bean farmers to alleviate household poverty. Key words: Smallholder farmers, French bean, global-GAP standards, determinants, income-poverty
{"title":"Logistic regression analysis on factors influencing income-poverty among smallholder French bean farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya","authors":"N. Kibet, J. Lagat, G. Obare","doi":"10.5897/jdae2019.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jdae2019.1075","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined factors affecting income-poverty among French bean farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Results show that 72.6% of French bean farmers were poor. Relative to the poor households, non-poor had the highest net French bean income per acre (KES. 24,133), total net crop income (KES. 150,608), total net livestock income (KES. 21,674), and off-farm income (KES. 198,070). Aversion to risks (p=0.051 and β=-2.802), household size (p=0.000 and β=-5.032), daily household expenditure per adult equivalent (p=0.001 and β=2.016), net annual household income (p=0.000 and β=7.733), access to credit (p=0.086 and β=1.187), household annual asset value (p=0.051 and β=-0.482) and age of household head (p=0.066 and β=-2.009) statistically and significantly influenced poverty status of French bean farmers. The results suggest that crop insurance, farm diversification and expansion of acreage under Global-GAP certified French bean are necessary strategies for French bean farmers to alleviate household poverty. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Smallholder farmers, French bean, global-GAP standards, determinants, income-poverty","PeriodicalId":90891,"journal":{"name":"Journal of development and agricultural economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"272-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/jdae2019.1075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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