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Phylum-level studies of bacterial cutinases for unravelling enzymatic specificity toward PET degradation: an in silico approach. 细菌角质酶的门级研究,以揭示 PET 降解酶的特异性:一种硅学方法。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01362-6
Shubham Kumar, Bhupendra Chaudhary, Barkha Singhal

The overwhelming use of PET plastic in various day-to-day activities led to the voluminous increase in PET waste and growing environmental hazards. A plethora of methods have been used that are associated with secondary pollutants. Therefore, microbial degradation of PET provides a sustainable approach due to its versatile metabolic diversity and capacity. The present work highlights the cutinase enzyme's role in PET degradation. This study focuses on the bacterial cutinases homologs screened from 43 reported phylum of bacteria. The reported bacterial cutinases for plastic degradation have been chosen as reference sequences, and 917 sequences have shown homology across the bacterial phyla. The dienelactone hydrolase (DLH) domain was identified for attaining specificity towards PET binding in 196 of 917 sequences. Various computational tools have been used for the physicochemical characterization of 196 sequences. The analysis revealed that most selected sequences are hydrophilic, extracellular, and thermally stable. Based on this analysis, 17 sequences have been further pursued for three-dimensional structure prediction and validation. The molecular docking studies of 17 selected sequences revealed efficient PET binding with the three sequences derived from the phylum Bacteroidota, the lowest binding energy of -5.9 kcal/mol, Armatimonadota, and Nitrososphaerota with -5.8 kcal/mol. The two enzyme sequences retrieved from the phylum Bacteroidota and Armatimonadota are metagenomically derived. Therefore, the present studies concluded that there is a high probability of finding cutinase homologs in various environmental resources that can be further explored for PET degradation.

在各种日常活动中大量使用 PET 塑料,导致 PET 废弃物大量增加,环境危害日益严重。人们使用了大量与二次污染物有关的方法。因此,由于微生物代谢的多样性和能力,微生物降解 PET 提供了一种可持续的方法。本研究强调了角叉菜酶在 PET 降解中的作用。本研究的重点是从 43 个已报道的细菌门中筛选出的细菌角质酶同源物。研究选择了已报道的用于塑料降解的细菌角叉菜胶酶作为参考序列,917 个序列在各细菌门中显示出同源性。在 917 个序列中的 196 个序列中,二烯丙基内酯水解酶(DLH)结构域被确定为具有 PET 结合的特异性。对 196 个序列的物理化学特征采用了各种计算工具。分析表明,所选序列大多具有亲水性、细胞外性和热稳定性。在此分析基础上,进一步对 17 个序列进行了三维结构预测和验证。对 17 个选定序列进行的分子对接研究显示,PET 与来自细菌门的三个序列的结合能最低,为-5.9 kcal/mol,与 Armatimonadota 和 Nitrososphaerota 的结合能最低,为-5.8 kcal/mol。从类菌门和亚门检索到的两种酶序列均来自元基因组。因此,本研究得出结论,在各种环境资源中发现角叉菜胶酶同源物的可能性很大,可以进一步开发用于 PET 降解的酶。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of epidemiological and clinical aspects in cases of fungal osteomyelitis caused by non-Candida species. 由非念珠菌引起的真菌性骨髓炎病例的流行病学和临床方面的分析。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01418-7
Jorge Andrés González Grijalva, Vítor Falcão de Oliveira, Vladimir Cordeiro de Carvalho, Priscila Rosalba de Oliveira, Ana Lúcia L Lima

Osteomyelitis caused by non-Candida species is rare and often neglected, and current recommendations are based on primarily clinical experience and expert opinion. The objective of this study was to describe a case series of non-Candida fungal osteomyelitis. This retrospective study included 10 patients with non-Candida fungal osteomyelitis. Patients with osteomyelitis and microbiologically confirmed non-Candida species from bone fragment cultures were selected from the institution Infection Control Board database. Fusarium spp. were the most commonly isolated fungus from bone fragment cultures in five patients (50%). The majority did not present immunosuppression. The most common etiology was post-traumatic (n = 7, 70%), particularly open fractures. All patients were treated with antifungals associated with surgery. The antifungals used were itraconazole in five patients (50%), and voriconazole in another five patients (50%), with a median duration of antifungal therapy of four weeks (range: 3-25). There were no observed deaths within 30 days and one year. An antifungal approach combined with surgical treatment demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes, including low mortality rates and effective remission.

由非念珠菌引起的骨髓炎非常罕见,而且经常被忽视,目前的建议主要基于临床经验和专家意见。本研究旨在描述非念珠菌性骨髓炎的一系列病例。这项回顾性研究纳入了 10 例非念珠菌性真菌骨髓炎患者。研究人员从医院感染控制委员会的数据库中筛选出骨髓炎患者,并从骨碎片培养物中筛选出微生物学确诊的非念珠菌菌种。从骨碎片培养物中最常分离到的真菌是镰刀菌属,共有五名患者(50%)。大多数患者没有免疫抑制症状。最常见的病因是创伤后(7 人,70%),尤其是开放性骨折。所有患者都在手术后接受了抗真菌治疗。5名患者(50%)使用的抗真菌药物是伊曲康唑,另外5名患者(50%)使用的是伏立康唑,抗真菌治疗的中位持续时间为4周(范围:3-25周)。在 30 天和一年内没有观察到死亡病例。抗真菌治疗与手术治疗相结合的方法取得了良好的临床效果,包括低死亡率和有效缓解。
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引用次数: 0
Cyanobacterial biocrust alters soil physical properties reducing soil erosion and aerosol production. 蓝藻生物簇改变了土壤的物理特性,减少了土壤侵蚀和气溶胶的产生。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01377-z
Amir Karimi, Arezoo Tahmourespour, Mehran Hoodaji

Aerosol emission by wind erosion in the arid and semi-arid areas of the world, is of environmental and health significance. Different methods have been used to mitigate aerosol emission among which the biological methods may be the most efficient ones. Although previously investigated, more research is essential to determine how the use of exopolysaccharide (biocrust)-producing cyanobacteria may affect soil physical properties. The objective was to investigate the effects of the cyanobacteria, Microcoleus vaginatus ATHK43 (identified and registered by the NCBI accession number MW433686), on soil physical properties of a sandy soil 15, 30, 60, and 90 d after inoculation. The effects of cyanobacterial biocrust on soil properties including shear strength, soil resistance, aggregate stability (mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD)), and wind erosion were determined in trays using a wind tunnel. Cyanobacterial inoculation significantly increased MWD (0-1 cm depth, from 0.12 mm to 0.47 mm) and GMD (from 0.3 to 0.5 mm) after a period of 90 d. Biocrust production significantly decreased soil erosion from 55.7 kgm- 2 to 0.3 kgm- 2 (wind rate of 50 kmh- 1), and from 116.42 kgm- 2 to 0.6 kgm- 2 (wind rate of 90 kmh- 1) after 90 d. In conclusion, cyanobacterial biocrust can significantly improve soil physical properties in different parts of the world including the deserts, and reduce aerosol emission by mitigating the destructive effects of wind erosion on soil physical properties.

在世界干旱和半干旱地区,风蚀造成的气溶胶排放对环境和健康具有重要意义。人们采用了不同的方法来减少气溶胶的排放,其中生物方法可能是最有效的方法。虽然以前进行过调查,但要确定使用产生外多糖的蓝藻可能会如何影响土壤的物理性质,还需要进行更多的研究。本研究的目的是调查蓝藻 Microcoleus vaginatus ATHK43(已通过 NCBI 编号 MW433686 鉴定和注册)在接种 15、30、60 和 90 d 后对沙质土壤物理特性的影响。利用风洞在托盘中测定了蓝藻生物菌丛对土壤性质的影响,包括剪切强度、土壤阻力、集料稳定性(平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD))以及风蚀作用。接种蓝藻 90 d 后,MWD(0-1 cm 深度,从 0.12 mm 增加到 0.47 mm)和 GMD(从 0.3 mm 增加到 0.5 mm)显著增加。生物簇的产生显著减少了土壤侵蚀,从 55.7 kgm- 2 减少到 0.3 kgm- 2(风速 50 kmh- 1),从 116.42 kgm- 2 减少到 0.6 kgm- 2(风速 50 kmh- 1)。总之,蓝藻生物菌壳可显著改善包括沙漠在内的世界不同地区的土壤物理性质,并通过减轻风蚀对土壤物理性质的破坏作用来减少气溶胶的排放。
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引用次数: 0
Existence of rare actinobacterial forms in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean: 16 S rRNA based metabarcoding study. 南大洋印度洋海域罕见放线菌的存在:基于 16 S rRNA 的代谢编码研究。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01424-9
Radhakrishnan Manikkam, Manigundan Kaari, Abirami Baskaran, Meganathan P Ramakodi, Gopikrishnan Venugopal, Parli Venkateswaran Bhaskar

The significance of the Southern Ocean (SO) as a sink of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases is well established. Earlier studies have highlighted the role of microbes in various SO ecosystem processes. However, the diversity and role of actinobacteria in the Indian sector of SO (ISO) water and sediments are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of actinobacteria in water and sediment samples of SO based on amplicon microbiome analyses. The taxonomic analysis identified a total number of 27 phyla of which Proteobacteria (40.2%), Actinobacteria (13.6%), and Firmicutes (8.7%) were found to be dominant. The comparative study of water and sediment samples revealed the dominance of different actinobacteria in water and sediments. While the order Streptomycetales was dominant in the water samples, Micrococcales was found to be dominant in the sediment samples. The genus level analysis found the presence of eight and seventeen genera in the sediment and water samples, respectively. The genus Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora, Nocardioides, Sva0996 marine group, and Mycobacterium were seen both in sediment and water samples. Marmoricola, Ilumatobacter, and Glaciihabitans were observed only in sediment samples whereas Rhodococcus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Turicella, Pseudonocardia, Bifidobacterium, Nesterenkonia, Collinsella, Knoellia, Cadidatus, Actinomarina, Libanicoccus and Cutibacterium were noticed exclusively in water samples. Our study also emphasizes the need for further detailed study to understand the links between actinobacterial diversity and their ecological functions in the ISO. The available metabarcoding data paves the way for future research in cultivable forms of novel and rare Actinobacteria for their bioprospecting applications.

南大洋(SO)作为大气二氧化碳和其他温室气体汇的重要性已得到公认。早期的研究强调了微生物在各种南大洋生态系统过程中的作用。然而,南大洋印度段(ISO)海水和沉积物中放线菌的多样性和作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过扩增子微生物组分析,分析印度 SO 水样和沉积物样本中放线菌的多样性。分类分析共确定了 27 个菌门,其中蛋白细菌(40.2%)、放线菌(13.6%)和固着菌(8.7%)占主导地位。对水和沉积物样本的比较研究显示,不同的放线菌在水和沉积物中占主导地位。链霉菌目在水样中占优势,而微球菌目在沉积物样本中占优势。属级分析发现,沉积物和水样中分别存在 8 个和 17 个属。在沉积物和水样中都发现了链霉菌属、糖孢属、Nocardioides 属、Sva0996 海洋组和分枝杆菌属。仅在沉积物样本中观察到马莫科拉氏菌、伊卢马托菌和格拉西哈比特菌,而仅在水样本中观察到红球菌、科里内杆菌、微球菌、土里菌、假心杆菌、双歧杆菌、Nesterenkonia、科林斯菌、Knoellia、Cadidatus、Actinomarina、Libanicoccus 和 Cutibacterium。我们的研究还强调了进一步详细研究的必要性,以了解放线菌多样性与其在国际标准化组织中的生态功能之间的联系。现有的代谢条形码数据为今后研究新型和稀有放线菌的可培养形式及其生物勘探应用铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of Mycoplasma spp. in free-living seabirds. 在自由生活的海鸟中检测支原体。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01409-8
Samara Gomes de Brito, Thomas Salles Dias, Leandro Dos Santos Machado, Jenif Braga de Souza, Nathalie Costa da Cunha, Virginia Léo de Almeida Pereira, Maria Lúcia Barreto, Aloysio de Mello Figueiredo Cerqueira, Felipe Piedade Gonçalves Neves

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and identify the species of mycoplasma isolates obtained from seabirds found on Brazilian coastal beaches. Tracheal and cloacal swab samples were collected from 50 seabirds rescued by three conservation and marine animal rehabilitation centers located in Brazil. The tracheal and cloacal samples were subjected to mycoplasma culture and the isolates were identified through PCR. A "Mollicutes-specific" 16S rRNA PCR reaction was employed for triage. Four species-specific PCR reactions were used to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma meleagridis, or M. gallinarum. The Mollicutes positive and species negative samples were submitted do 16S rRNA sequencing. Eighteen (36%) of 50 seabirds tested positive for mycoplasma by culture. In the PCR for the genus, 28 (56%) of 50 seabirds were positive for Mycoplasma spp., with 13 (26%) detected in the trachea, one (2%) in the cloaca, and 14 (28%) in both sites. In the species-specific PCR, M. gallisepticum was detected in 17.8%, and M. meleagridis in 17.8%. Both species were detected in 14.3%. Of the isolates not characterized at species level, we obtained ten sequences and they were divided into three clusters. The first cluster was closely related to M. meleagridis, the second to M. synoviae, and the third grouped M. tully, M. gallisepticum, and M. imitans. Four and five of nine species of seabirds studied had mycoplasma detected by culture or PCR, respectively. Mycoplasmas were found in the majority of the animals studied, with the highest prevalence proportionally found in Sula leucogaster, and the lowest in Fregata magnificens. The phylogenetic analysis identified Mycoplasma spp. adapted to aquatic birds.

本研究旨在调查巴西沿海海滩发现的海鸟身上是否存在支原体,并确定支原体分离物的种类。气管和泄殖腔拭子样本取自巴西三家保护和海洋动物康复中心救助的 50 只海鸟。对气管和泄殖腔样本进行支原体培养,并通过 PCR 鉴定分离物。采用 "毛霉菌特异性 "16S rRNA PCR 反应进行分选。四种特异性 PCR 反应用于检测胆囊支原体、滑液囊支原体、meleagridis 支原体或 M. gallinarum 支原体。毛霉菌阳性和阴性样本均提交进行 16S rRNA 测序。50 只海鸟中有 18 只(36%)的支原体培养检测呈阳性。在属的 PCR 检测中,50 只海鸟中有 28 只(56%)支原体阳性,其中 13 只(26%)在气管中检测到,1 只(2%)在泄殖腔中检测到,14 只(28%)在两个部位都检测到。在物种特异性 PCR 中,17.8% 检测到 M. gallisepticum,17.8% 检测到 M. meleagridis。14.3%的分离物同时检测到两个物种。在未进行物种鉴定的分离物中,我们获得了 10 个序列,并将其分为三组。第一组与 M. meleagridis 关系密切,第二组与 M. synoviae 关系密切,第三组与 M. tully、M. gallisepticum 和 M. imitans 关系密切。在研究的九种海鸟中,分别有四种和五种通过培养或 PCR 检测到支原体。在所研究的大多数动物中都发现了支原体,其中Sula leucogaster的流行比例最高,而Fregata magnificens的流行比例最低。系统发育分析确定了适应水鸟的支原体属。
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引用次数: 0
Different light intensity on Messastrum gracile growth under phototrophic cultivation in laboratory. 不同光照强度对实验室光营养栽培中 Messastrum gracile 生长的影响
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01389-9
Lúcia Helena Sipaúba-Tavares, Jesaias Ismael da Costa, Débora Cristina Fenerick

The present research evaluates the effects of three different lighting intensities, 60 (control), 30 and 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 on Messastrum gracile growth. The observations indicated that a light intensity of 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 resulted in higher cell density during experimental period. The light intensity of 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 had a strong negative impact on M. gracile growth. Parameters such as lipid and protein content, cell density, chlorophyll-a and biomass were lower compared to the other light intensities. On the 14th and 21st growth days, the biomass, lipid and protein content were higher at 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 with 800 mg L- 1, 5.7% and 34.4% biomass dry weight, respectively. The study also highlighted the economic aspects of M. gracile cultivation. The light intensities 30 and 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 were found to be more advantageous than 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 in terms of biomass, unit cost, lipid and protein content. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the light intensities of 30 and 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 are more viable for M. gracile cultivation in laboratory under conditions used.

本研究评估了 60 微摩尔光子 m- 2 s- 1(对照)、30 微摩尔光子 m- 2 s- 1 和 120 微摩尔光子 m- 2 s- 1 三种不同光照强度对 Messastrum gracile 生长的影响。观察结果表明,光照强度为 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 时,实验期间的细胞密度较高。光照强度为 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 时,对蟛蜞菊的生长有很大的负面影响。与其他光照强度相比,脂质和蛋白质含量、细胞密度、叶绿素-a 和生物量等参数都较低。在第 14 和 21 个生长日,60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 的生物量、脂质和蛋白质含量较高,分别为 800 mg L- 1、5.7% 和 34.4% 的生物量干重。该研究还强调了种植蟛蜞菊的经济性。研究发现,就生物量、单位成本、脂质和蛋白质含量而言,30 和 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 光强比 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 光强更有优势。基于这些研究结果,得出的结论是,在实验室条件下,30 和 60 µmol 光子 m- 2 s- 1 的光照强度更适于鲻鱼的培养。
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引用次数: 0
Revolutionizing food safety with electrochemical biosensors for rapid and portable pathogen detection. 利用电化学生物传感器快速、便携地检测病原体,彻底改变食品安全。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01427-6
Brígida D' Ávila Oliveira, Raíssa Soares Gomes, Alice Mendes de Carvalho, Emília Maria França Lima, Uelinton Manoel Pinto, Luciana Rodrigues da Cunha

Foodborne diseases remain a worldwide concern, despite the advances made in sanitation, pathogen surveillance and food safety management systems. The methods routinely applied for detecting pathogens in foods are time consuming, labor intensive and usually require trained and qualified individuals. The objective of this review was to highlight the use of biosensors, with a focus on the electrochemical devices, as promising alternatives for detecting foodborne pathogens. These biosensors present high speed for obtaining results, with the possibility of evaluating foods in real time, at low cost, ease of use, in addition to being compact and portable. These aspects are considered advantageous and suitable for use in food safety management systems. This work also shows some limitations for the application of biosensors, and we present perspectives with the development and use of nanomaterials.

尽管卫生、病原体监测和食品安全管理系统取得了进步,但食源性疾病仍然是全世界关注的问题。检测食品中病原体的常规方法耗时耗力,通常需要训练有素的合格人员。本综述旨在强调生物传感器的使用,重点是电化学设备,它们是检测食源性病原体的有前途的替代方法。这些生物传感器具有获取结果速度快、可实时评估食品、成本低、使用方便、小巧便携等优点。这些方面被认为具有优势,适合用于食品安全管理系统。这项工作还显示了生物传感器应用的一些局限性,并提出了开发和使用纳米材料的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of clinically isolated antibiotics-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), E. coli (ESBL) and Acinetobacter 1379 bacterial strains. 临床分离的耐抗生素金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)、大肠杆菌 (ESBL) 和 1379 号不动杆菌菌株的表型和分子特征。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01347-5
Daraksha Iram, Manish Singh Sansi, Anil Kumar Puniya, Kamal Gandhi, Sunita Meena, Shilpa Vij

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing nosocomial infections pose a significant global health concern. This study focused on examining the lipid profiles of both non-resistant and clinically resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA 1418), E. coli (ESBL 1384), and Acinetobacter 1379. The main aim was to investigate the relationship between lipid profiles, hydrophobicity, and antibiotic resistance so as to identify the pathogenic potential and resistance factors of strains isolated from patients with sepsis and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The research included various tests, such as antimicrobial susceptibility assays following CLSI guidelines, biochemical tests, biofilm assays, and hydrophobicity assays. Additionally, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) analysis were used for lipid profiling and composition. The clinically isolated resistant strains (MRSA-1418, ESBL-1384, and Acinetobacter 1379) demonstrated resistance phenotypes of 81.80%, 27.6%, and 63.6%, respectively, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.81, 0.27, and 0.63. Notably, the MRSA-1418 strain, which exhibited resistance, showed significantly higher levels of hemolysin, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm index, and a self-aggregative phenotype compared to the non-resistant strains. Gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Indicated elevated expression levels of intercellular adhesion biofilm-related genes (icaA, icaC, and icaD) in MRSA-1418 (pgaA, pgaC, and pgaB) and Acinetobacter 1379 after 24 h compared to non-resistant strains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for structural investigation. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of biofilms in antibiotic resistance and suggest potential target pathways for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

引起医院内感染的抗生素耐药细菌是全球健康的重大隐患。本研究重点研究了金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA 1418)、大肠杆菌(ESBL 1384)和醋酸杆菌(Acinetobacter 1379)的非耐药菌株和临床耐药菌株的脂质特征。主要目的是研究脂质特征、疏水性和抗生素耐药性之间的关系,从而确定从败血症和尿路感染(UTI)患者中分离出的菌株的致病潜力和耐药性因素。研究包括各种测试,如遵循 CLSI 指南的抗菌药敏感性测试、生化测试、生物膜测试和疏水性测试。此外,还采用气相色谱质谱法(GC-MS)和气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)分析法进行脂质分析和成分分析。临床分离出的耐药菌株(MRSA-1418、ESBL-1384 和 1379)的耐药表型分别为 81.80%、27.6% 和 63.6%,多重抗生素耐药指数分别为 0.81、0.27 和 0.63。值得注意的是,与非耐药菌株相比,表现出耐药性的 MRSA-1418 菌株的溶血素、细胞表面疏水性、生物膜指数和自我聚集表型水平明显更高。使用实时定量 PCR(qPCR)进行基因表达分析。表明与非耐药菌株相比,MRSA-1418(pgaA、pgaC 和 pgaB)和 1379 的细胞间粘附生物膜相关基因(icaA、icaC 和 icaD)在 24 小时后的表达水平升高。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)用于结构研究。这些发现为了解生物膜在抗生素耐药性中的作用提供了宝贵的见解,并提出了对付抗生素耐药细菌的潜在目标途径。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation, screening, and characterization of the newly isolated osmotolerant yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus BKK11-4 for the coproduction of glycerol and arabitol. 分离、筛选和鉴定新分离的耐渗透性酵母 Wickerhamomyces anomalus BKK11-4,以共同生产甘油和阿拉伯糖醇。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01383-1
Jesnipit Thammaket, Piroonporn Srimongkol, Paweena Ekkaphan, Sitanan Thitiprasert, Sorapat Niyomsin, Thanyalak Chaisuwan, Suwabun Chirachanchai, Nuttha Thongchul

This study explored the isolation and screening of an osmotolerant yeast, Wickerhamomyces anomalus BKK11-4, which is proficient in utilizing renewable feedstocks for sugar alcohol production. In batch fermentation with high initial glucose concentrations, W. anomalus BKK11-4 exhibited notable production of glycerol and arabitol. The results of the medium optimization experiments revealed that trace elements, such as H3BO3, CuSO4, FeCl3, MnSO4, KI, H4MoNa2O4, and ZnSO4, did not increase glucose consumption or sugar alcohol production but substantially increased cell biomass. Osmotic stress, which was manipulated by varying initial glucose concentrations, influenced metabolic outcomes. Elevated glucose levels promoted glycerol and arabitol production while decreasing citric acid production. Agitation rates significantly impacted the kinetics, enhancing glucose utilization and metabolite production rates, particularly for glycerol, arabitol, and citric acid. The operational pH dictated the distribution of the end metabolites, with glycerol production slightly reduced at pH 6, while arabitol production remained unaffected. Citric acid production was observed at pH 6 and 7, and acetic acid production was observed at pH 7. Metabolomic analysis using GC/MS identified 29 metabolites, emphasizing the abundance of sugar/sugar alcohols. Heatmaps were generated to depict the variations in metabolite levels under different osmotic stress conditions, highlighting the intricate metabolic dynamics occurring post-glucose uptake, affecting pathways such as the pentose phosphate pathway and glycerolipid metabolism. These insights contribute to the optimization of W. anomalus BKK11-4 as a whole-cell factory for desirable products, demonstrating its potential applicability in sustainable sugar alcohol production from renewable feedstocks.

本研究探索了一种耐渗透酵母 Wickerhamomyces anomalus BKK11-4 的分离和筛选,这种酵母能熟练利用可再生原料生产糖醇。在高初始葡萄糖浓度的批量发酵中,W. anomalus BKK11-4 表现出显著的甘油和阿拉伯糖醇产量。培养基优化实验的结果表明,微量元素(如 H3BO3、CuSO4、FeCl3、MnSO4、KI、H4MoNa2O4 和 ZnSO4)不会增加葡萄糖消耗量或糖醇产量,但会显著增加细胞生物量。通过改变初始葡萄糖浓度来控制的渗透胁迫影响了代谢结果。葡萄糖水平的升高促进了甘油和阿拉伯糖醇的产生,同时降低了柠檬酸的产生。搅拌速率对动力学有重大影响,可提高葡萄糖利用率和代谢物生产率,尤其是甘油、阿拉伯糖醇和柠檬酸的生产率。操作 pH 值决定了最终代谢物的分布,pH 值为 6 时,甘油的产量略有减少,而阿拉伯糖醇的产量则不受影响。利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)进行的代谢组分析确定了 29 种代谢物,强调了糖/糖醇的大量存在。生成的热图描述了不同渗透胁迫条件下代谢物水平的变化,突出显示了葡萄糖吸收后发生的错综复杂的代谢动态,影响了磷酸戊糖途径和甘油酯代谢等途径。这些见解有助于将 W. anomalus BKK11-4 优化为生产理想产品的全细胞工厂,证明了它在利用可再生原料生产可持续糖醇方面的潜在适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Associations between epidemiological and laboratory parameters and disease severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second epidemic waves in middle south Mato Grosso. 马托格罗索州中南部第一波和第二波疫情期间 COVID-19 住院患者的流行病学和实验室参数与疾病严重程度之间的关系。
IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01379-x
Thais Campos Dias da Cruz, Janeth Aracely Ramirez Pavon, Francisco Scoffoni Kennedy de Azevedo, Edila Cristina de Souza, Bergman Morais Ribeiro, Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko

Background: COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease characterized by respiratory distress. Disease severity is associated with several factors. Here we characterize virological findings and evaluate the association of laboratorial, epidemiological, virological findings and clinical outcomes of 251 patients during the first and second epidemic waves of COVID-19.

Methods: This transversal study used biological samples and data from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between May 2020 and August 2021 in the metropolitan region of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Brazil. Biological samples were subjected to RT-qPCR and MinION sequencing. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Odds ratio were used to correlate clinical, laboratorial, epidemiological data.

Findings: Patients were represented by males (61.7%) with mean age of 52.4 years, mild to moderate disease (49,0%), overweight/obese (69.3%), with comorbidities (66.1%) and evolving to death (55.38%). Severe cases showing symptoms for prolonged time, ≥ 25% of ground-glass opacities in the lungs and fatality rate increased significantly in second wave. Fatality was statistically associated to > 61 years of age,>25% ground-glass opacities in the lungs, immune, cardiac, or metabolic comorbidities. Higher viral load (p < 0.01/p = 0.02 in each wave), decreased erythrocyte (p < 0.01), hemoglobin (p < 0.05/p < 0.01), hematocrit (p < 0.01), RDW (p < 0.01), lymphocyte (p < 0.01), increased leucocyte (p < 0.01), neutrophil (p < 0.01) and CRP levels (p < 0.01) showed significant association with fatality in both waves, as did Neutrophil/Platelet (NPR; p < 0.01), Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (NLR; p < 0.01) and Monocyte/Lymphocyte ratio (MLR; p < 0.01). SARS-CoV-2 genomes from lineage B.1.1.33(n = 8) and Gamma/P.1(n = 15) shared 6/7 and 20/23 lineage-defining mutations, respectively.

Main conclusions: Severity and mortality of COVID-19 associated with a panel of epidemiological and laboratorial findings, being second wave, caused by Gamma variant, more severe in this in-hospital population.

背景:COVID-19 是一种以呼吸困难为特征的多系统疾病:COVID-19 是一种以呼吸困难为特征的多系统疾病。疾病的严重程度与多种因素有关。在此,我们对COVID-19第一波和第二波流行期间251名患者的病毒学结果进行了描述,并评估了实验室、流行病学、病毒学结果与临床结果之间的关联:这项横向研究使用了巴西马托格罗索州库亚巴市 2020 年 5 月至 2021 年 8 月期间 COVID-19 住院患者的生物样本和数据。对生物样本进行了 RT-qPCR 和 MinION 测序。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归及Odds比来关联临床、实验室和流行病学数据:患者以男性为主(61.7%),平均年龄为 52.4 岁,病情为轻中度(49.0%),超重/肥胖(69.3%),合并症多(66.1%),最终死亡(55.38%)。症状持续时间长、肺部磨玻璃不透明≥25%的严重病例和死亡率在第二波中显著增加。据统计,死亡率与年龄大于 61 岁、肺部磨玻璃窗翳大于 25%、免疫、心脏或代谢合并症有关。病毒载量较高(P 主要结论:COVID-19 的严重程度和死亡率与一系列流行病学和实验室检查结果有关,在这一住院人群中,由伽马变异体引起的第二波更为严重。
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引用次数: 0
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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
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