This essay introduces a special collection on the state, potential, and tensions of the social sciences in Latin America. It briefly reflects on the historic role that these disciplines have exerted in society, policy, and culture, their troubled trajectory –– which included episodes of rapid expansion and significant retreatment (if not ostracism) ––, and their current situation in terms of institutional development and research agendas. It also elaborates on how Latin American social scientists have dealt with the difficulties (but also potentials) of studying social structures from a peripheral global region and how they have dealt with the classic tension between involvement and detachment. Against this backdrop, this special collection includes a series of papers exploring how certain topics of especial importance in Latin America –– i.e. development and world economy; state capacity, public administration, and political legitimacy; and violence, conflict, and social cohesion –– have been studied. It also features a group of papers examining some of the main recent institutional and intellectual trends within local social sciences: academic professionalization vis-a-vis activism, the expansion of teaching in the under and graduate levels and its effects on disciplinary borders, the “parochialism” (vs. cosmopolitanism) in publishing and research topics, as well as the potentials and risks of the adoption of open science as recently encouraged by UNESCO. While it would be pointless to attempt to provide a detailed portray of a much-diversified reality, the variety of topics addressed by the papers, as much as the different approaches guiding each contribution ––which range from detached descriptions to normative policy-oriented (and well-informed) essays, from “distant reading” based on bigdata to rich sociohistorical reconstruction––, try to convey some of Latin American social sciences’ vitality and diverse interests.
{"title":"On the State, Potentials, and Current Tensions of the Social Sciences in Latin America","authors":"Juan Pedro Blois, Miguel A. Centeno","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.88096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.88096","url":null,"abstract":"This essay introduces a special collection on the state, potential, and tensions of the social sciences in Latin America. It briefly reflects on the historic role that these disciplines have exerted in society, policy, and culture, their troubled trajectory –– which included episodes of rapid expansion and significant retreatment (if not ostracism) ––, and their current situation in terms of institutional development and research agendas. It also elaborates on how Latin American social scientists have dealt with the difficulties (but also potentials) of studying social structures from a peripheral global region and how they have dealt with the classic tension between involvement and detachment. Against this backdrop, this special collection includes a series of papers exploring how certain topics of especial importance in Latin America –– i.e. development and world economy; state capacity, public administration, and political legitimacy; and violence, conflict, and social cohesion –– have been studied. It also features a group of papers examining some of the main recent institutional and intellectual trends within local social sciences: academic professionalization vis-a-vis activism, the expansion of teaching in the under and graduate levels and its effects on disciplinary borders, the “parochialism” (vs. cosmopolitanism) in publishing and research topics, as well as the potentials and risks of the adoption of open science as recently encouraged by UNESCO. While it would be pointless to attempt to provide a detailed portray of a much-diversified reality, the variety of topics addressed by the papers, as much as the different approaches guiding each contribution ––which range from detached descriptions to normative policy-oriented (and well-informed) essays, from “distant reading” based on bigdata to rich sociohistorical reconstruction––, try to convey some of Latin American social sciences’ vitality and diverse interests.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper answers Claus Offe’s question about the social referent of the common good, i.e., what kinds of entities are beneficiaries of common good-related public policy. I reject two individualistic answers, according to which the reference point of the common good is the totality or majority of individual community members, respectively. Instead, I opt for a holistic answer, according to which the community qua social entity is the beneficiary of the common good.
{"title":"Whose Good is the Common Good Anyway? A (Late) Response to Claus Offe","authors":"Christian Blum","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.88143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.88143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper answers Claus Offe’s question about the social referent of the common good, i.e., what kinds of entities are beneficiaries of common good-related public policy. I reject two individualistic answers, according to which the reference point of the common good is the totality or majority of individual community members, respectively. Instead, I opt for a holistic answer, according to which the community qua social entity is the beneficiary of the common good.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135009143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores how the breakup of Yugoslavia was interpreted, commented on, and used for internal and international political purposes in China, with a focus on the role played by key concepts such as “federalism” and “sovereignty” in consolidating the Chinese interpretation of those dramatic events, and ultimately in shaping the CCP’s pro-Milošević stance in the dramatic unfolding of the conflict in Kosovo. In particular, the preoccupation with separatism and international humanitarian intervention, and the interpretation of the Yugoslav dissolution as a federal failure by the Chinese elite, help link the global event (the collapse of the Balkan political order) to the local Chinese debate on centralization and decentralization, an issue that had been polarizing the CCP since the launch of the “reform and opening” agenda by Deng Xiaoping at the end of the 1970s.
{"title":"A Federal Nightmare: The People’s Republic of China and the Breakup of Yugoslavia","authors":"Federico Brusadelli","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.75315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.75315","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how the breakup of Yugoslavia was interpreted, commented on, and used for internal and international political purposes in China, with a focus on the role played by key concepts such as “federalism” and “sovereignty” in consolidating the Chinese interpretation of those dramatic events, and ultimately in shaping the CCP’s pro-Milošević stance in the dramatic unfolding of the conflict in Kosovo. In particular, the preoccupation with separatism and international humanitarian intervention, and the interpretation of the Yugoslav dissolution as a federal failure by the Chinese elite, help link the global event (the collapse of the Balkan political order) to the local Chinese debate on centralization and decentralization, an issue that had been polarizing the CCP since the launch of the “reform and opening” agenda by Deng Xiaoping at the end of the 1970s.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89110087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We appreciate four reviews addressing our book, Degenerations of Democracy. Each points to ways democracy may be advanced and also raises questions about our argument. We respond to the latter and briefly build on the former. These are directions for further work, but none stands alone or offers the crucial path forward. This is not surprising, since no democracy in the past or today, even when celebrated as good, just, secure, and stable by a majority of its citizens, has fully realized its normative potential and utopian aspirations. There is always more to be achieved, and there is always potential for degeneration.
{"title":"Democracy Is Incomplete: Response to Crawford, Hechter, Zielonka, and Zipperstein","authors":"C. Calhoun, D. Gaonkar, Charles Taylor","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.77460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.77460","url":null,"abstract":"We appreciate four reviews addressing our book, Degenerations of Democracy. Each points to ways democracy may be advanced and also raises questions about our argument. We respond to the latter and briefly build on the former. These are directions for further work, but none stands alone or offers the crucial path forward. This is not surprising, since no democracy in the past or today, even when celebrated as good, just, secure, and stable by a majority of its citizens, has fully realized its normative potential and utopian aspirations. There is always more to be achieved, and there is always potential for degeneration.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89158831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the participation of the Central Asian countries in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program in the modern world has the potential to play an important role in the foundation of regional projects in logistics and energy. The purpose of the work is to provide recommendations on how to eliminate errors in the process of improving the projects of Central Asian regional economic cooperation and to analyze this mechanism in logistics and energy. Among the methods used should be noted the analytical method, the classification method, the functional method, the statistical method, and the synthesis method. It is important to analyze the functioning of this mechanism in order to assess its effectiveness and develop work in the logistics and energy sectors. The issues of evaluation of cooperation are considered, indicating problems and prospects, the expediency of participation, their limitations in cooperation, and the impact of limitations on the result. Recommendations re proposed that would contribute to the effective regulation of the issue. It is determined that the improvement of Central Asian regional economic cooperation projects plays an important role in creating conditions for intraregional and interregional trade and contributes to the development of logistics. The practical value lies in applying the findings to rectify organizational errors and enhance Central Asian regional economic cooperation projects related to logistics and energy, considering multiple factors. Thus, recommendations for improved Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation functioning are provided.
{"title":"Participation of Central Asian Countries in Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation: Transport, Energy","authors":"Akdidar Moldaliyeva, Panu Kilybayeva, Gulnara Birimkulova, Zibagul Ilyassova, Tokzhan Atayeva","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.88417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.88417","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the participation of the Central Asian countries in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program in the modern world has the potential to play an important role in the foundation of regional projects in logistics and energy. The purpose of the work is to provide recommendations on how to eliminate errors in the process of improving the projects of Central Asian regional economic cooperation and to analyze this mechanism in logistics and energy. Among the methods used should be noted the analytical method, the classification method, the functional method, the statistical method, and the synthesis method. It is important to analyze the functioning of this mechanism in order to assess its effectiveness and develop work in the logistics and energy sectors. The issues of evaluation of cooperation are considered, indicating problems and prospects, the expediency of participation, their limitations in cooperation, and the impact of limitations on the result. Recommendations re proposed that would contribute to the effective regulation of the issue. It is determined that the improvement of Central Asian regional economic cooperation projects plays an important role in creating conditions for intraregional and interregional trade and contributes to the development of logistics. The practical value lies in applying the findings to rectify organizational errors and enhance Central Asian regional economic cooperation projects related to logistics and energy, considering multiple factors. Thus, recommendations for improved Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation functioning are provided.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135502977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To extend the controversial literature on the finance-inequality nexus, we examine the determinants of income inequality in 131 developed and developing economies, in the period 1991–2017. We consider a wide range of variables associated with domestic financial development, banking crises, and financial globalization, including financial secrecy and offshore wealth. In addition, we examine whether the spatial centralization of the financial sector is associated in any way with income inequality. The results show that the larger the size of the financial sector in a country, the higher the level of inequality. Financial globalization, in all its facets, also appears to contribute to inequality. These findings are particularly robust for developed economies. Our analysis also shows that aspects of finance aggravating inequality are positively associated with the degree of geographical centralization of the financial sector.
{"title":"Income Inequality, Finance, and Space: A Cross-Country Analysis","authors":"Stefanos Ioannou, Dariusz Wójcik","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.89327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.89327","url":null,"abstract":"To extend the controversial literature on the finance-inequality nexus, we examine the determinants of income inequality in 131 developed and developing economies, in the period 1991–2017. We consider a wide range of variables associated with domestic financial development, banking crises, and financial globalization, including financial secrecy and offshore wealth. In addition, we examine whether the spatial centralization of the financial sector is associated in any way with income inequality. The results show that the larger the size of the financial sector in a country, the higher the level of inequality. Financial globalization, in all its facets, also appears to contribute to inequality. These findings are particularly robust for developed economies. Our analysis also shows that aspects of finance aggravating inequality are positively associated with the degree of geographical centralization of the financial sector.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I propose that we recast our concern over scales of reference—global versus national—in recognizing university distinctions and dangers to consider what theories, methods, and practices enable universities to join concerns for academic freedom and seeking justice in knowledge activism.
{"title":"Globalizing Knowledge and Nationalisms’ Reactions in the Articulation of Universities","authors":"M. Kennedy","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.55674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.55674","url":null,"abstract":"I propose that we recast our concern over scales of reference—global versus national—in recognizing university distinctions and dangers to consider what theories, methods, and practices enable universities to join concerns for academic freedom and seeking justice in knowledge activism.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91029980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both empire and federation are deeply contested concepts. The difficulties surrounding the competing notions of “empire” or “federation” can be rooted in their respective heuristic strengths and weaknesses, but also in their political uses. In analyzing these concepts, recent scholarship has mostly neglected the relationship between empire and federation. Should the two be used as compatible concepts, as complementary categories, or as fundamentally competing frameworks? What implications do these conceptual options have for the larger endeavor of a description of transnational politics? This article systematically addresses this tension through an argument on how intellectual and conceptual histories can contribute to approaching this complicated relationship. As the article argues, overlaps and hybridities between empire and federation can be grasped plausibly by analyzing these polities not only through their institutional features but also as discursive constellations. Through such a lens, it becomes clear why modern politics is populated by numerous political orders both federal and imperial.
{"title":"In the Conceptual Twilight Zone: Federation, Empire, and the Description of Large-Scale Orders","authors":"Eva M. Hausteiner","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.75272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.75272","url":null,"abstract":"Both empire and federation are deeply contested concepts. The difficulties surrounding the competing notions of “empire” or “federation” can be rooted in their respective heuristic strengths and weaknesses, but also in their political uses. In analyzing these concepts, recent scholarship has mostly neglected the relationship between empire and federation. Should the two be used as compatible concepts, as complementary categories, or as fundamentally competing frameworks? What implications do these conceptual options have for the larger endeavor of a description of transnational politics? This article systematically addresses this tension through an argument on how intellectual and conceptual histories can contribute to approaching this complicated relationship. As the article argues, overlaps and hybridities between empire and federation can be grasped plausibly by analyzing these polities not only through their institutional features but also as discursive constellations. Through such a lens, it becomes clear why modern politics is populated by numerous political orders both federal and imperial.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89265804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This interview between Odd Arne Westad, Elihu Professor of History at Yale University, and Edward Knudsen covers Professor Westad’s extensive scholarship on global history, reaching from the Cold War to present politics. They discuss the links between the Cold War and current geopolitical tensions, exploring how relations between the US, China, and Russia have evolved since the 20th Century.
本文采访了耶鲁大学伊莱休历史学教授Odd Arne Westad和爱德华·克努森(Edward Knudsen)，内容涵盖了Westad教授在全球历史方面的广泛研究，从冷战到当代政治。他们讨论了冷战与当前地缘政治紧张局势之间的联系，探讨了自20世纪以来美国、中国和俄罗斯之间的关系是如何演变的。
{"title":"Interview: Odd Arne Westad and Edward Knudsen","authors":"O. A. Westad, Edward L. Knudsen","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.74940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.74940","url":null,"abstract":"This interview between Odd Arne Westad, Elihu Professor of History at Yale University, and Edward Knudsen covers Professor Westad’s extensive scholarship on global history, reaching from the Cold War to present politics. They discuss the links between the Cold War and current geopolitical tensions, exploring how relations between the US, China, and Russia have evolved since the 20th Century.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88897504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The twenty-first century is a time of increased uncertainty over the future of sites associated with the Holocaust. As “sites of memory” and “sites of conscience,” they are part of an ongoing debate as to their contentious place within international heritage conventions (UNESCO 2023). Further, while much attention has been paid to the specific challenges of managing Holocaust heritage in the context of the imminent passing of the last of the Holocaust survivors (Pearce 2020; Gilmore and Magee 2018), and the rise in Holocaust denial and distortion (Bauer 2020), the challenges posed by anthropogenic climate change raise yet more uncertainties. Holocaust heritage—along with other heritage places—faces accelerated decay and destruction brought on by the climate emergency, including extreme weather events. Across Europe, examples include the former camp of Fossoli (Italy), already fragile following an earthquake; the collapse of a wall at the former camp of Sachsenhausen (Germany); and the ongoing ruin of the Dresden Barracks in the former ghetto of Terezin (Czech Republic), after a series of storms. Other sites are threatened by rising sea levels—for example, the mass graves and former cemetery in Alderney in the Channel Islands. However, the usual options in the face of destruction of the historical record, which include either expensive preservation and restoration programs or a form of “curated decay” (DeSilvey 2017), are particularly problematic given the complexities of Holocaust sites because of the specific histories and stakeholders. While preservation and restoration are often beyond the financial reach of most Holocaust sites, “curated decay” raises questions about the retention of historic fabric which, as well as being protected under various forms of heritage legislation, is understood as part of the evidence of genocide. Therefore, the concurrent anxieties over the passing of the survivor generation, the rise of Holocaust denial and distortion, and the challenges of climate change create uncertainties for heritage professionals and site managers as to how to best manage the safeguarding of these unique sites. Using the former camp at Fossoli in Italy and the former ghetto of Terezin as case studies, this paper critically examines ideas of loss and uncertainty within heritage practice to explore the lessons for safeguarding Holocaust heritage in the Anthropocene.
21世纪是一个对大屠杀相关遗址的未来更加不确定的时代。作为“记忆遗址”和“良心遗址”，它们在国际遗产公约(联合国教科文组织2023)中有争议的地位是正在进行的辩论的一部分。此外，在最后一批大屠杀幸存者即将去世的背景下，管理大屠杀遗产的具体挑战受到了很多关注(Pearce 2020;Gilmore and Magee 2018)，以及否认和歪曲大屠杀的人数上升(Bauer 2020)，人为气候变化带来的挑战带来了更多的不确定性。包括极端天气事件在内的气候紧急情况加速了大屠杀遗产和其他遗产的衰败和破坏。在整个欧洲，这样的例子包括福索利(意大利)的前营地，在地震后已经很脆弱;前萨克森豪森集中营(德国)一堵墙的倒塌;以及在一系列风暴之后，位于特雷津(捷克共和国)前隔都的德累斯顿兵营(Dresden Barracks)正在被摧毁。其他遗址也受到海平面上升的威胁，例如，海峡群岛奥尔德尼的万人坑和前墓地。然而，面对历史记录的破坏，通常的选择，包括昂贵的保护和修复计划或一种形式的“精心策划的腐烂”(DeSilvey 2017)，鉴于大屠杀遗址的复杂性，由于特定的历史和利益相关者，这尤其有问题。虽然保护和修复往往超出大多数大屠杀遗址的财政能力，但“精心策划的腐烂”提出了关于保留历史结构的问题，这些历史结构受到各种形式的遗产立法的保护，被理解为种族灭绝证据的一部分。因此，幸存者一代的逝去、否认和歪曲大屠杀的兴起以及气候变化的挑战带来的焦虑，给遗产专业人士和遗址管理者带来了不确定性，他们不知道如何最好地管理这些独特遗址的保护。本文以意大利福索利(Fossoli)前集中营和特雷津(Terezin)前犹太区为例，批判性地考察了遗产实践中的损失和不确定性观念，以探索在人类世中保护大屠杀遗产的教训。
{"title":"“Saved from Oblivion”? The Uncertain Futures of Holocaust Heritage","authors":"Steven Cooke, Gilly Carr","doi":"10.1525/gp.2023.88094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.88094","url":null,"abstract":"The twenty-first century is a time of increased uncertainty over the future of sites associated with the Holocaust. As “sites of memory” and “sites of conscience,” they are part of an ongoing debate as to their contentious place within international heritage conventions (UNESCO 2023). Further, while much attention has been paid to the specific challenges of managing Holocaust heritage in the context of the imminent passing of the last of the Holocaust survivors (Pearce 2020; Gilmore and Magee 2018), and the rise in Holocaust denial and distortion (Bauer 2020), the challenges posed by anthropogenic climate change raise yet more uncertainties. Holocaust heritage—along with other heritage places—faces accelerated decay and destruction brought on by the climate emergency, including extreme weather events. Across Europe, examples include the former camp of Fossoli (Italy), already fragile following an earthquake; the collapse of a wall at the former camp of Sachsenhausen (Germany); and the ongoing ruin of the Dresden Barracks in the former ghetto of Terezin (Czech Republic), after a series of storms. Other sites are threatened by rising sea levels—for example, the mass graves and former cemetery in Alderney in the Channel Islands. However, the usual options in the face of destruction of the historical record, which include either expensive preservation and restoration programs or a form of “curated decay” (DeSilvey 2017), are particularly problematic given the complexities of Holocaust sites because of the specific histories and stakeholders. While preservation and restoration are often beyond the financial reach of most Holocaust sites, “curated decay” raises questions about the retention of historic fabric which, as well as being protected under various forms of heritage legislation, is understood as part of the evidence of genocide. Therefore, the concurrent anxieties over the passing of the survivor generation, the rise of Holocaust denial and distortion, and the challenges of climate change create uncertainties for heritage professionals and site managers as to how to best manage the safeguarding of these unique sites. Using the former camp at Fossoli in Italy and the former ghetto of Terezin as case studies, this paper critically examines ideas of loss and uncertainty within heritage practice to explore the lessons for safeguarding Holocaust heritage in the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135910039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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