In this interview, Mary Kaldor and Helmut K. Anheier examine the state of Eastern Europe thirty years after the fall of communism; they explore the differences between old wars and new wars, the relevance of Clausewitz in the field of international relations today, the problem of methodological nationalism, and what the social sciences mean today. They also talk about the impact of neoliberalism, the state of democracy, and the role of civil society.
{"title":"Interview: Mary Kaldor and Helmut K. Anheier","authors":"M. Kaldor, H. Anheier","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.33927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.33927","url":null,"abstract":"In this interview, Mary Kaldor and Helmut K. Anheier examine the state of Eastern Europe thirty years after the fall of communism; they explore the differences between old wars and new wars, the relevance of Clausewitz in the field of international relations today, the problem of methodological nationalism, and what the social sciences mean today. They also talk about the impact of neoliberalism, the state of democracy, and the role of civil society.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85374984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An inherent tension between the global and the national frame of reference defines the modern research university. This seems to be the conflicting diagnosis of two recently published volumes on the matter: In their book on The University and the Global Knowledge Society, David J. Frank and John W. Meyer (2020) link the spectacular rise of the university to its lasting claim to generate “universalized truths” (Frank & Meyer 2020). John Aubrey Douglass and others (2021), in contrast, paint a decidedly different picture. In their volume on Neo-Nationalism and Universities, Douglass and eleven co-authors trace how universities have increasingly come under pressure by a recent wave of neo-nationalism that has challenged the very idea of the global research university right to its core. In presenting these contrasting accounts, the two volumes raise a number of pressing questions for science studies and higher education research more broadly: How do recent developments of neonationalism and populism connect to the longer history of national interests in science as a tool at the hand of the state? How do such nationalist tendencies play into, or counter, the global expansion of the university? And finally, how can we secure the transnational and open idea of a university in times when the specific organizations as well as their cultural core are threatened by national governments? To engage with these questions, this Review Symposium brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars who discuss the two volumes and share their diverse perspectives on Universities between Inter- and Re-Nationalization.
{"title":"Universities between Inter- and Renationalization: An Introduction","authors":"M. Hoelscher, Julia Schubert","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.56926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.56926","url":null,"abstract":"An inherent tension between the global and the national frame of reference defines the modern research university. This seems to be the conflicting diagnosis of two recently published volumes on the matter: In their book on The University and the Global Knowledge Society, David J. Frank and John W. Meyer (2020) link the spectacular rise of the university to its lasting claim to generate “universalized truths” (Frank & Meyer 2020). John Aubrey Douglass and others (2021), in contrast, paint a decidedly different picture. In their volume on Neo-Nationalism and Universities, Douglass and eleven co-authors trace how universities have increasingly come under pressure by a recent wave of neo-nationalism that has challenged the very idea of the global research university right to its core. In presenting these contrasting accounts, the two volumes raise a number of pressing questions for science studies and higher education research more broadly: How do recent developments of neonationalism and populism connect to the longer history of national interests in science as a tool at the hand of the state? How do such nationalist tendencies play into, or counter, the global expansion of the university? And finally, how can we secure the transnational and open idea of a university in times when the specific organizations as well as their cultural core are threatened by national governments? To engage with these questions, this Review Symposium brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars who discuss the two volumes and share their diverse perspectives on Universities between Inter- and Re-Nationalization.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81463636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the link between universality aspirations of international organizations and member state funding by focusing on the United Nations system. Centering on financial input as a key proxy for ownership and collectively shared responsibility, we show that the UN Scale of Assessments has provided a surprisingly stable formula for calculating obligatory membership fees in the regular budgets of the UN Secretariat, Specialized Agencies, and other UN entities. We argue that the Scale of Assessments embodies a commitment to differentiated universality as it applies to all member states while considering key differences among them, notably their levels of per capita income and debt burden. While large parts of UN budgets currently depend on voluntary contributions by a small number of wealthy member states and thus stray far from universality ambitions, we suggest that assessed contributions are an underexploited tool for operationalizing multilateral universality in an uneven world. We propose four concrete measures for strengthening and expanding the use of assessed contributions that can contribute to making the UN system a more universally owned set of international organizations.
{"title":"International Organizations and Differentiated Universality: Reinvigorating Assessed Contributions in United Nations Funding","authors":"Sebastian Haug, N. Gulrajani, Silke Weinlich","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.39780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39780","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the link between universality aspirations of international organizations and member state funding by focusing on the United Nations system. Centering on financial input as a key proxy for ownership and collectively shared responsibility, we show that the UN Scale of Assessments has provided a surprisingly stable formula for calculating obligatory membership fees in the regular budgets of the UN Secretariat, Specialized Agencies, and other UN entities. We argue that the Scale of Assessments embodies a commitment to differentiated universality as it applies to all member states while considering key differences among them, notably their levels of per capita income and debt burden. While large parts of UN budgets currently depend on voluntary contributions by a small number of wealthy member states and thus stray far from universality ambitions, we suggest that assessed contributions are an underexploited tool for operationalizing multilateral universality in an uneven world. We propose four concrete measures for strengthening and expanding the use of assessed contributions that can contribute to making the UN system a more universally owned set of international organizations.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86629401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In smaller nations, where evolving sociopolitical factors, cultural attitudes, and governmental responses may influence the biology of disease, epidemics have been largely understudied. The Dominican Republic possesses several factors relevant to the current COVID-19 pandemic: a warm climate, proximity to densely populated islands, a valuable tourist industry, remittances, a younger population, and strong social networks driven by physical affection. The country’s suboptimal health-care system and strained finances will also be key determinants of the effects of the pandemic locally. Early in 2020, officials adopted a casual approach to COVID-19, which quickly turned into a structured effort of closing borders and implementing social distancing. Initial infections were attributed to affluent Dominicans returning from Europe; transmission quickly spread to low-income segments of the population, particularly towns with a high frequency of travel to the United States. Popular and religious beliefs have surfaced: a “pilgrim” carrying a wooden cross traversed the island, reaching the coast to deposit it so the island would be free of COVID-19; deaths due to clerén intoxication, a drink similar to moonshine believed to possess curative powers; and the Catholic Church’s “aerial blessing” delivered via helicopter. Other metaphors emerged in common survival strategies: homemade masks and gloves sold in neighborhood colmados; cartoons and videos ridiculing commentators and scientists, notably divorced from reality; a town’s curfew violator rushing home on a horse while being chased by cops on motorcycles, etcetera. The fate of the epidemic remains uncertain: limited testing, lack of compliance with isolation by the self-employed, suspected government corruption, and newly elected authorities create a complex scenario where Dominicans remain torn between reality and hope. Poetry and politics, and symbolism and representation, are counterparts on an island nation that has not looked inward during crises for some time.
{"title":"Isolation, Metaphor, and Politics during COVID-19: The Case of the Dominican Republic","authors":"Cesar J. Herrera","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.35732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.35732","url":null,"abstract":"In smaller nations, where evolving sociopolitical factors, cultural attitudes, and governmental responses may influence the biology of disease, epidemics have been largely understudied. The Dominican Republic possesses several factors relevant to the current COVID-19 pandemic: a warm climate, proximity to densely populated islands, a valuable tourist industry, remittances, a younger population, and strong social networks driven by physical affection. The country’s suboptimal health-care system and strained finances will also be key determinants of the effects of the pandemic locally. Early in 2020, officials adopted a casual approach to COVID-19, which quickly turned into a structured effort of closing borders and implementing social distancing. Initial infections were attributed to affluent Dominicans returning from Europe; transmission quickly spread to low-income segments of the population, particularly towns with a high frequency of travel to the United States. Popular and religious beliefs have surfaced: a “pilgrim” carrying a wooden cross traversed the island, reaching the coast to deposit it so the island would be free of COVID-19; deaths due to clerén intoxication, a drink similar to moonshine believed to possess curative powers; and the Catholic Church’s “aerial blessing” delivered via helicopter. Other metaphors emerged in common survival strategies: homemade masks and gloves sold in neighborhood colmados; cartoons and videos ridiculing commentators and scientists, notably divorced from reality; a town’s curfew violator rushing home on a horse while being chased by cops on motorcycles, etcetera. The fate of the epidemic remains uncertain: limited testing, lack of compliance with isolation by the self-employed, suspected government corruption, and newly elected authorities create a complex scenario where Dominicans remain torn between reality and hope. Poetry and politics, and symbolism and representation, are counterparts on an island nation that has not looked inward during crises for some time.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"919 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77534618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent commentary on the state of multilateralism begins from an alarming premise: a popular backlash against globalization is underway. The prospects for multilateralism depend, by this account, on shielding global governance from the forces of mass politics. We challenge this conventional account to develop a novel conceptual framework for the mass politics of global governance and the role of contestation in resolving, rather than inciting, the present crisis of multilateralism. We distinguish between two modes of mass politics—covert and overt—and examine variation in (i) mass preferences, (ii) party strategies, and (iii) international organization between them. Building on this framework, we make the case for a shift from the current covert mode to a more overt politics of global governance that could make the multilateral system more effective, accountable, and legitimate. Concrete steps in this direction will accommodate broader political forces while defanging challenges from opportunistic political leaders. We conclude with an outline of pragmatic reforms to reinvigorate multilateralism for the post-pandemic era.
{"title":"Pump Up the Volume: From Covert to Overt Politics in Global Governance","authors":"David R. K. Adler, Alexander E. Kentikelenis","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.55675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.55675","url":null,"abstract":"Recent commentary on the state of multilateralism begins from an alarming premise: a popular backlash against globalization is underway. The prospects for multilateralism depend, by this account, on shielding global governance from the forces of mass politics. We challenge this conventional account to develop a novel conceptual framework for the mass politics of global governance and the role of contestation in resolving, rather than inciting, the present crisis of multilateralism. We distinguish between two modes of mass politics—covert and overt—and examine variation in (i) mass preferences, (ii) party strategies, and (iii) international organization between them. Building on this framework, we make the case for a shift from the current covert mode to a more overt politics of global governance that could make the multilateral system more effective, accountable, and legitimate. Concrete steps in this direction will accommodate broader political forces while defanging challenges from opportunistic political leaders. We conclude with an outline of pragmatic reforms to reinvigorate multilateralism for the post-pandemic era.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84711171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A growing literature documents the emergence of a “new multilateralism” in the postpandemic context (Telo 2020; Kaul 2020) and prior to it (IMF 2018; Hampson and Heinbecker 2011) to address challenges of inclusion and sustainability in global governance (Singh and Woolcock 2022, this special collection). Situated in the broader context of the changing global order, different strands of the literature debate the challenges offered by the “new multilateralism” to the Liberal International Order (Ikenberry 2018), highlight the role of non-state “power brokers” (Subacci 2014), and reflect on possibilities of South-South cooperation (Mawdsley 2013). This article contributes to the discussion by highlighting the role of “Southern multilateralism” not so much as a challenge to the Liberal International Order as suggestive of an emerging order that both complements it and competes with it.
{"title":"Southern multilateralism: Complementary competition vis-à-vis the Liberal International Order","authors":"I. Roy","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.39589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39589","url":null,"abstract":"A growing literature documents the emergence of a “new multilateralism” in the postpandemic context (Telo 2020; Kaul 2020) and prior to it (IMF 2018; Hampson and Heinbecker 2011) to address challenges of inclusion and sustainability in global governance (Singh and Woolcock 2022, this special collection). Situated in the broader context of the changing global order, different strands of the literature debate the challenges offered by the “new multilateralism” to the Liberal International Order (Ikenberry 2018), highlight the role of non-state “power brokers” (Subacci 2014), and reflect on possibilities of South-South cooperation (Mawdsley 2013). This article contributes to the discussion by highlighting the role of “Southern multilateralism” not so much as a challenge to the Liberal International Order as suggestive of an emerging order that both complements it and competes with it.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87968590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many of the problems that international organizations are tasked with solving are interdependent and require concerted efforts. This interdependence is epitomized in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Yet acting in a concerted manner poses significant organizational obstacles. In this paper, we focus on one of the most prominent of those obstacles, coordination within the UN development system—the collection of UN entities working on development issues. We highlight the complexity of coordination within the UN development system and the changes introduced by the latest reform. We argue that those changes are unlikely to improve the situation significantly and turn to theoretical and empirical sources of inspiration for adjusting those changes. We draw on coordination solutions implemented in nonhierarchical organizational settings, in particular self-managed organizations and humanitarian clusters, to recommend a reorientation of the role of the Resident Coordinator system.
{"title":"Coordination Conundrum in the United Nations Development System: Solutions from Self-Managed Organizations","authors":"C. Dupont, Astrid Skjold","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.57083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.57083","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the problems that international organizations are tasked with solving are interdependent and require concerted efforts. This interdependence is epitomized in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Yet acting in a concerted manner poses significant organizational obstacles. In this paper, we focus on one of the most prominent of those obstacles, coordination within the UN development system—the collection of UN entities working on development issues. We highlight the complexity of coordination within the UN development system and the changes introduced by the latest reform. We argue that those changes are unlikely to improve the situation significantly and turn to theoretical and empirical sources of inspiration for adjusting those changes. We draw on coordination solutions implemented in nonhierarchical organizational settings, in particular self-managed organizations and humanitarian clusters, to recommend a reorientation of the role of the Resident Coordinator system.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88204111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The past two decades have witnessed growing concern about the challenges governments face in regulating multinational corporations. Trade and investment agreements play a crucial role in setting the regulatory regime that governs these transnational activities. The multilateral trade and investment regime has been experiencing a period of crisis, with the collapse of proceedings at the World Trade Organization’s appellate body and the failure of the Doha Development Round. During this period, states have turned to unilateral, bilateral and regional channels in lieu of multilateral progress. Bilateral and regional agreements contain a much higher degree of regulatory coordination among members, including a growing number of binding standards on labor, the environment and human rights which apply to multinational corporations operating across the trading blocs. This paper reviews three cases of states, or groups of states, endeavoring to impose binding regulation on multinational corporations through the trade and investment regime. This paper argues, that these efforts, while partial, form the basis for a new multilateral trade and investment regime that holds corporations accountable. It shows that during the multilateral system’s period of crisis, as states in both the Global North and Global South have pursued their own strategies and shown a shared commitment to increasing their regulatory capacity, the policy consensus among practitioners at the multilateral level has shifted towards accommodating these efforts. Together, this paper argues, these developments lay the groundwork for a new multilateral model of trade and corporate accountability.
{"title":"Globalizing Regulation: A New Progressive Agenda for Trade and Investment","authors":"M. Atal","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.39794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39794","url":null,"abstract":"The past two decades have witnessed growing concern about the challenges governments face in regulating multinational corporations. Trade and investment agreements play a crucial role in setting the regulatory regime that governs these transnational activities. The multilateral trade and investment regime has been experiencing a period of crisis, with the collapse of proceedings at the World Trade Organization’s appellate body and the failure of the Doha Development Round. During this period, states have turned to unilateral, bilateral and regional channels in lieu of multilateral progress. Bilateral and regional agreements contain a much higher degree of regulatory coordination among members, including a growing number of binding standards on labor, the environment and human rights which apply to multinational corporations operating across the trading blocs. This paper reviews three cases of states, or groups of states, endeavoring to impose binding regulation on multinational corporations through the trade and investment regime. This paper argues, that these efforts, while partial, form the basis for a new multilateral trade and investment regime that holds corporations accountable. It shows that during the multilateral system’s period of crisis, as states in both the Global North and Global South have pursued their own strategies and shown a shared commitment to increasing their regulatory capacity, the policy consensus among practitioners at the multilateral level has shifted towards accommodating these efforts. Together, this paper argues, these developments lay the groundwork for a new multilateral model of trade and corporate accountability.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86571765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How do civic organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area straddle the paradox of challenging entrenched inequalities in an ostensibly progressive region that has been transformed by tech-driven wealth? Local nonprofits face the tension of maintaining access to elite resources while building connections to distribute those resources and navigate divides between the haves and have-nots. We draw on original data collected over the course of two decades on a representative sample of Bay Area nonprofit organizations. With rich information from both quantitative and qualitative data, we examine different aspects of nonprofits’ relationship to their constituents and environments, including their community embeddedness, cross-sector collaborations, and engagement in advocacy. We then turn to the internal operations of these organizations and survey the professional backgrounds of nonprofit leaders and the usage of practices that purportedly make nonprofits more professional, accountable, and digitally savvy. Our findings reveal a sector that is developing its own model of what community-directed management looks like, neither tethered strictly to a Left Coast ethos nor displaying uniform responses to strong institutional pressures. Although the Bay Area sector pursues heterogeneous approaches to repairing social ruptures, there is a consistent theme of rebuilding and re-creating community. We argue that the region’s diversity in values, practices, and orientations stems from fighting deep fractures that resist simple solutions in a place marked by paradox.
{"title":"San Francisco Bay Area: A Left Coast Metropolis Grapples with Technocracy and Inequality","authors":"Krystal Laryea, Yitong Zhao, W. Powell","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.36212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.36212","url":null,"abstract":"How do civic organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area straddle the paradox of challenging entrenched inequalities in an ostensibly progressive region that has been transformed by tech-driven wealth? Local nonprofits face the tension of maintaining access to elite resources while building connections to distribute those resources and navigate divides between the haves and have-nots. We draw on original data collected over the course of two decades on a representative sample of Bay Area nonprofit organizations. With rich information from both quantitative and qualitative data, we examine different aspects of nonprofits’ relationship to their constituents and environments, including their community embeddedness, cross-sector collaborations, and engagement in advocacy. We then turn to the internal operations of these organizations and survey the professional backgrounds of nonprofit leaders and the usage of practices that purportedly make nonprofits more professional, accountable, and digitally savvy. Our findings reveal a sector that is developing its own model of what community-directed management looks like, neither tethered strictly to a Left Coast ethos nor displaying uniform responses to strong institutional pressures. Although the Bay Area sector pursues heterogeneous approaches to repairing social ruptures, there is a consistent theme of rebuilding and re-creating community. We argue that the region’s diversity in values, practices, and orientations stems from fighting deep fractures that resist simple solutions in a place marked by paradox.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90052071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an empirically based analysis of the struggle around the use of artificial intelligence and automated decision-making systems in Finnish public governance. After an experimental phase, constitutional boundaries halted the use of automated decision-making in Finnish administration until legal grounds could be settled. The drafting process for a general law regulating the use of automated decision-making in public governance has started. The initial suggestion balances between efficiency and sufficient protection of constitutional rights. This article builds on a critical discourse analysis of the key statements given after the initial regulatory suggestion. Our analysis shows that despite Finland’s constitutional tradition combining both social and liberal values, three out of five discourses prevailing in the statements adhere strongly to a liberal logic of efficiency and optimist accounts of artificial intelligence transformation. The article frames the analysis with the theory of social acceleration. We argue that the prevailing optimism about artificial intelligence and concomitant support for limited state regulation of its use reflect the broader challenges of desynchronization in accelerated societies and might shape the future of the Finnish welfare state.
{"title":"Discourses on AI and Regulation of Automated Decision-Making","authors":"Nea Lepinkäinen, H. Malik","doi":"10.1525/gp.2022.33707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.33707","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an empirically based analysis of the struggle around the use of artificial intelligence and automated decision-making systems in Finnish public governance. After an experimental phase, constitutional boundaries halted the use of automated decision-making in Finnish administration until legal grounds could be settled. The drafting process for a general law regulating the use of automated decision-making in public governance has started. The initial suggestion balances between efficiency and sufficient protection of constitutional rights. This article builds on a critical discourse analysis of the key statements given after the initial regulatory suggestion. Our analysis shows that despite Finland’s constitutional tradition combining both social and liberal values, three out of five discourses prevailing in the statements adhere strongly to a liberal logic of efficiency and optimist accounts of artificial intelligence transformation. The article frames the analysis with the theory of social acceleration. We argue that the prevailing optimism about artificial intelligence and concomitant support for limited state regulation of its use reflect the broader challenges of desynchronization in accelerated societies and might shape the future of the Finnish welfare state.","PeriodicalId":91118,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health perspectives","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78633184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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