Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/30779
C. Ekeocha, C. Ogukwe, Joy Nikoro
Heavy metal contamination has become a serious environmental problem due to their negative effects on humans, organisms, soil quality, underground water and ecosystem. This research was targeted at the use of multiple ecological risk indices approach in assessing the ecological risk associated with heavy metal contamination in soils in some mechanic villages in Abuja, central Nigeria. To achieve this set objective, four pollution indices models namely: contamination factor (C f ), ecological risk factor (E r ), degree of contamination (C D ) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were explored. Fifteen soil samples were randomly collected with a hand dug auger to a depth range of 0-15 cm with five sample points from each of the three investigated mechanic villages. A control sample was also collected from a distance of 100 km where neither commercial nor industrial activities take place. The sampled soils were further subjected to standard chemical analysis. The automated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for this purpose. The results of the chemical analysis revealed that concentrations of heavy metals in Apo, Kugbo and Zuba mechanic villages followed a trend of Cu > Zn > Cr > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd; Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Fe > Pb > Cd and Zn > Cr > Cu > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd respectively. The multiple ecological risk indices models explored in the study showed various ecological risk level associated with heavy metal contamination of soils from the investigated sites with classes ranging from low to very high ecological risks. This could be traceable to anthropogenic activities like indiscriminate discharge of heavy metal containing waste in soil and poor waste management practice in the mechanic villages. This calls for urgent measure in curtailing indiscriminate waste discharge and the introduction of environmental friendly waste management in the mechanic villages so as to avert epidemics and environmental degradation due to heavy metal pollution.
重金属污染对人类、生物、土壤质量、地下水和生态系统的负面影响已成为一个严重的环境问题。本研究旨在利用多重生态风险指数方法评估尼日利亚中部阿布贾一些机械村土壤重金属污染的生态风险。为了实现这一既定目标，研究了四种污染指数模型，即污染因子(C f)、生态风险因子(E r)、污染程度(C D)和潜在生态风险指数(PERI)。用手挖螺旋钻随机采集15个土壤样本，深度0 ~ 15 cm，在调查的3个机械村各取5个采样点。对照样本也从100公里以外既没有商业活动也没有工业活动的地方收集。采样土壤进一步进行标准化学分析。采用自动原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)测定。化学分析结果表明，Apo、Kugbo和Zuba机械村重金属浓度呈现Cu b> Zn b> Cr b> Fe b> Pb > Ni > Cd的趋势;Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Fe > Pb > Cd和Zn > Cr > Cu > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd。研究建立的多重生态风险指数模型显示了调查点土壤重金属污染的不同生态风险等级，生态风险等级从低到极高。这可以追溯到人为活动，如在土壤中随意排放含有重金属的废物，以及机械村的废物管理不善。这就要求采取紧急措施，减少随意排放废物，并在技工村实行环境友好型废物管理，以避免因重金属污染造成的流行病和环境退化。
{"title":"Application of Multiple Ecological Risk Indices for the Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils in Major Mechanic Villages in Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"C. Ekeocha, C. Ogukwe, Joy Nikoro","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/30779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/30779","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contamination has become a serious environmental problem due to their negative effects on humans, organisms, soil quality, underground water and ecosystem. This research was targeted at the use of multiple ecological risk indices approach in assessing the ecological risk associated with heavy metal contamination in soils in some mechanic villages in Abuja, central Nigeria. To achieve this set objective, four pollution indices models namely: contamination factor (C f ), ecological risk factor (E r ), degree of contamination (C D ) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were explored. Fifteen soil samples were randomly collected with a hand dug auger to a depth range of 0-15 cm with five sample points from each of the three investigated mechanic villages. A control sample was also collected from a distance of 100 km where neither commercial nor industrial activities take place. The sampled soils were further subjected to standard chemical analysis. The automated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for this purpose. The results of the chemical analysis revealed that concentrations of heavy metals in Apo, Kugbo and Zuba mechanic villages followed a trend of Cu > Zn > Cr > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd; Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Fe > Pb > Cd and Zn > Cr > Cu > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cd respectively. The multiple ecological risk indices models explored in the study showed various ecological risk level associated with heavy metal contamination of soils from the investigated sites with classes ranging from low to very high ecological risks. This could be traceable to anthropogenic activities like indiscriminate discharge of heavy metal containing waste in soil and poor waste management practice in the mechanic villages. This calls for urgent measure in curtailing indiscriminate waste discharge and the introduction of environmental friendly waste management in the mechanic villages so as to avert epidemics and environmental degradation due to heavy metal pollution.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48486618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32558
A. Iyagba, C. Ekpete
study, the statistical analysis, the protocol, the of the and the literature searches. field work managed the analyses of the study. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and practice of Organic Farming (OF) by secondary school Agricultural Science teachers in Ahoada East Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive design with a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Ten out
{"title":"Perception and Practice of Organic Farming among Secondary School Teachers in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Iyagba, C. Ekpete","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32558","url":null,"abstract":"study, the statistical analysis, the protocol, the of the and the literature searches. field work managed the analyses of the study. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and practice of Organic Farming (OF) by secondary school Agricultural Science teachers in Ahoada East Local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria. A descriptive design with a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Ten out","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48248347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32406
G. Manohar, M. Raju, D. Janardhan
work carried out in collaboration between authors GNM and MHR. Author GNM performed the field work and chemical analysis in the laboratory, wrote the protocol and the first draft of the manuscript. Authors GNM and MHR designed the study and author MHR supervised the chemical analysis in the laboratory. Author DJ helped in the statistical study. All the three authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aim: The Results: The detailed study of all the water quality variables is discussed in the paper. LSI calculation indicates that majorly 53% of the water samples are classified under the class ‘D’ [Slightly scale forming and corrosive] and 40% of the water samples fall under the group ‘E’ [Scale forming but non-corrosive]. Piper trilinear plot reveals that majorly Ca ++ and Mg ++ are the dominant cations and HCO 3- and Cl - are the dominant anions. Statistical measures such as Mean, SD, SE of sample means, coefficients of Skewness and Kurtosis have been computed using the statistical package to assess the characteristics of the selected water quality variables. Further, 95% confidence intervals have been obtained for the true means of these variables and water quality variables crossing the permissible limits of WHO [1993] have been identified using these confidence limits. Correlation study has been done to estimate the significance of the linear relationship between the pairs of variables at a given level of significance and thereby the set of water quality variables which are interlinked have been identified. Conclusion: The water quality variables which have/have the tendency to cross the permissible limits set by WHO [1993] have been identified using the confidence intervals. Through the Piper plot and LSI calculation, we can conclude that the groundwater samples are alkaline in nature and are not suitable for consumption.
{"title":"Geochemical Analysis of the Groundwater Quality along the Vrishabhavathi River Basin","authors":"G. Manohar, M. Raju, D. Janardhan","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32406","url":null,"abstract":"work carried out in collaboration between authors GNM and MHR. Author GNM performed the field work and chemical analysis in the laboratory, wrote the protocol and the first draft of the manuscript. Authors GNM and MHR designed the study and author MHR supervised the chemical analysis in the laboratory. Author DJ helped in the statistical study. All the three authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aim: The Results: The detailed study of all the water quality variables is discussed in the paper. LSI calculation indicates that majorly 53% of the water samples are classified under the class ‘D’ [Slightly scale forming and corrosive] and 40% of the water samples fall under the group ‘E’ [Scale forming but non-corrosive]. Piper trilinear plot reveals that majorly Ca ++ and Mg ++ are the dominant cations and HCO 3- and Cl - are the dominant anions. Statistical measures such as Mean, SD, SE of sample means, coefficients of Skewness and Kurtosis have been computed using the statistical package to assess the characteristics of the selected water quality variables. Further, 95% confidence intervals have been obtained for the true means of these variables and water quality variables crossing the permissible limits of WHO [1993] have been identified using these confidence limits. Correlation study has been done to estimate the significance of the linear relationship between the pairs of variables at a given level of significance and thereby the set of water quality variables which are interlinked have been identified. Conclusion: The water quality variables which have/have the tendency to cross the permissible limits set by WHO [1993] have been identified using the confidence intervals. Through the Piper plot and LSI calculation, we can conclude that the groundwater samples are alkaline in nature and are not suitable for consumption.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48316462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32889
Y. Meena, D. Khurana, N. Kaur, Kulbir Singh
performed the experiment, statistical analysis, the protocol the first the DSK, NK and KS designed and managed the analyses of the study. the ABSTRACT Low temperature stress their effect on morphological, yield and quality traits. Based on two year study, its observed that low temperature significantly reduces the growth traits (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, shoot and root length, and total biomass of plant), yield attributes (days to 50% flowering, fruit weight and fruit yield) and quality parameter (total soluble solid), however there was an increase in titrable acidity and ascorbic acid. On the hand, application of phenolic compounds significantly enhanced the growth, yield and TSS, while, decreased titrable acidity and ascorbic acid under stress. Two years study has confirmed that phenolic compounds protect plants against low temperature stress and enhanced production of tomato with an increase in the yield and quality contributions attributes. Among the treatments, SA (1.0 mM) was found as most effective to enhance low temperature stress tolerance in tomato.
{"title":"Phenolic Compounds Enhanced Low Temperature Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Y. Meena, D. Khurana, N. Kaur, Kulbir Singh","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32889","url":null,"abstract":"performed the experiment, statistical analysis, the protocol the first the DSK, NK and KS designed and managed the analyses of the study. the ABSTRACT Low temperature stress their effect on morphological, yield and quality traits. Based on two year study, its observed that low temperature significantly reduces the growth traits (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, shoot and root length, and total biomass of plant), yield attributes (days to 50% flowering, fruit weight and fruit yield) and quality parameter (total soluble solid), however there was an increase in titrable acidity and ascorbic acid. On the hand, application of phenolic compounds significantly enhanced the growth, yield and TSS, while, decreased titrable acidity and ascorbic acid under stress. Two years study has confirmed that phenolic compounds protect plants against low temperature stress and enhanced production of tomato with an increase in the yield and quality contributions attributes. Among the treatments, SA (1.0 mM) was found as most effective to enhance low temperature stress tolerance in tomato.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/32785
Bamidele Onipede, S. Joseph, O. Odiba
Continued development of automatic change over switch is a necessary requirement for the principle of energy mix especially in developing countries characterised by insufficient mains power supply. In this paper, we report how we were able to intuitively use basic electronic components to implement an efficient automatic change over switch. In the event of a power failure from the mains supply, this automatic changeover is designed and constructed to switch on a standby generator and transfer the installation load to it (the generator) and vice versa when power is restored. The switching time was calculated and tested to be about 0.88 ms which is sufficient to prevent any noticeable disruption in the power supply to the installation load, whether home or industrial.
{"title":"Developing an Automatic Switch for Home or Industrial Power Supply Changeover","authors":"Bamidele Onipede, S. Joseph, O. Odiba","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/32785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/32785","url":null,"abstract":"Continued development of automatic change over switch is a necessary requirement for the principle of energy mix especially in developing countries characterised by insufficient mains power supply. In this paper, we report how we were able to intuitively use basic electronic components to implement an efficient automatic change over switch. In the event of a power failure from the mains supply, this automatic changeover is designed and constructed to switch on a standby generator and transfer the installation load to it (the generator) and vice versa when power is restored. The switching time was calculated and tested to be about 0.88 ms which is sufficient to prevent any noticeable disruption in the power supply to the installation load, whether home or industrial.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49264824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31275
George Adjei, C. K. Adokoh, J. K. Bentum, G. Hadzi, E. Ameho
Effluents from humans and industrial discharges into the environment pose a serious threat to human health and aquatic life. In view of this, levels of some heavy metals Zn, Pb, Cu, Ti, V and Mn were determined in sediment samples collected from one of the most polluted water bodies (Fosu Lagoon) in the central region of Ghana using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) - (Varian Short Research Article – AA240 FS). The average concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), Titanium (Ti) and Vanadium (V), from the various sites ranged from 138.75 mgkg -1 (Ti) to 4.90 mgkg -1 (Zn). Among the concentrations of heavy metals found in the sediment samples, Ti recorded the highest concentration of 4600 mgkg -1 followed by Mn (290.00 mgkg -1 ) and then Cu (235.93 mgkg -1 ). The sequence of distribution followed Ti>Mn ˃ V>Cu>Pb ˃ Zn. The mean concentration of Mn, Cu, Ti and V exceeded the USEPA and WHO standard guideline whiles Pb and Zn were below the standard regulation limits. The Pearson correlation analysis between the heavy metals at the various sampling points was generally weak, with both positive and inverse correlations demonstrating that heavy metals may be coming from different anthropogenic sources. Comparing results from this study with previous works in the same Lagoon showed increased anthropogenic activities around the lake which pose potential pollution threats to the lagoon especially, the heavy metal pollutants which may be toxic to humans and aquatic life.
{"title":"The Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Fosu Lagoon in the Central District of Cape Coast: Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination","authors":"George Adjei, C. K. Adokoh, J. K. Bentum, G. Hadzi, E. Ameho","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31275","url":null,"abstract":"Effluents from humans and industrial discharges into the environment pose a serious threat to human health and aquatic life. In view of this, levels of some heavy metals Zn, Pb, Cu, Ti, V and Mn were determined in sediment samples collected from one of the most polluted water bodies (Fosu Lagoon) in the central region of Ghana using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) - (Varian Short Research Article – AA240 FS). The average concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), Titanium (Ti) and Vanadium (V), from the various sites ranged from 138.75 mgkg -1 (Ti) to 4.90 mgkg -1 (Zn). Among the concentrations of heavy metals found in the sediment samples, Ti recorded the highest concentration of 4600 mgkg -1 followed by Mn (290.00 mgkg -1 ) and then Cu (235.93 mgkg -1 ). The sequence of distribution followed Ti>Mn ˃ V>Cu>Pb ˃ Zn. The mean concentration of Mn, Cu, Ti and V exceeded the USEPA and WHO standard guideline whiles Pb and Zn were below the standard regulation limits. The Pearson correlation analysis between the heavy metals at the various sampling points was generally weak, with both positive and inverse correlations demonstrating that heavy metals may be coming from different anthropogenic sources. Comparing results from this study with previous works in the same Lagoon showed increased anthropogenic activities around the lake which pose potential pollution threats to the lagoon especially, the heavy metal pollutants which may be toxic to humans and aquatic life.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42944753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/28160
G. Ogundele, S. Salawu, I. Abdulraheem, O. Bamidele
This study was conducted to examine the
这项研究是为了检验
{"title":"Nutritional Composition of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Grown on Softwood (Daniella oliveri) Sawdust and Hardwood (Anogeissus leiocarpus) Sawdust","authors":"G. Ogundele, S. Salawu, I. Abdulraheem, O. Bamidele","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/28160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/28160","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45994827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/BJAST/2017/31690
S. Bjelić, Bojan L. Jovanović, Z. Bogićević, N. Marković, Igor S. Bjelić
{"title":"Theoretical Model of the Electric Field of Stray Currents in Underground Installations in Urban Environments","authors":"S. Bjelić, Bojan L. Jovanović, Z. Bogićević, N. Marković, Igor S. Bjelić","doi":"10.9734/BJAST/2017/31690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/31690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49560741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/32437
M. Grace, O. Owuor, O. David
collaboration between authors. Author MG designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, managed the literature searches and wrote the first of the manuscript. Authors OO and OD managed the analyses of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Proper nutrition contributes to declines in under-five mortality rates and improves the productivity of adults. Addressing nutritional problems requires adequate information on decreased from 6 to 10 WAE. The Fe levels increased from 4 to 6 WAE while the increase from 6 to 10 WAE was not significant. Magnesium levels significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from 4 to 8 WAE then decreased, while Mn and Na levels did not vary with harvesting stage. Harvesting the ALVs from 4 to 6 WAE for the supply of P, K, Ca and Zn, 4 to 8 WAE for Mg and 4 to 10 WAE for the supply of Na and Mn is recommended.
{"title":"Minerals and Nutrient Variations as Influenced by Harvesting Stages in selected African Leafy Vegetables Grown in Busia, Kenya","authors":"M. Grace, O. Owuor, O. David","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/32437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/32437","url":null,"abstract":"collaboration between authors. Author MG designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, managed the literature searches and wrote the first of the manuscript. Authors OO and OD managed the analyses of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Proper nutrition contributes to declines in under-five mortality rates and improves the productivity of adults. Addressing nutritional problems requires adequate information on decreased from 6 to 10 WAE. The Fe levels increased from 4 to 6 WAE while the increase from 6 to 10 WAE was not significant. Magnesium levels significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from 4 to 8 WAE then decreased, while Mn and Na levels did not vary with harvesting stage. Harvesting the ALVs from 4 to 6 WAE for the supply of P, K, Ca and Zn, 4 to 8 WAE for Mg and 4 to 10 WAE for the supply of Na and Mn is recommended.","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44205457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-10DOI: 10.9734/bjast/2017/30802
S. Memon, Naeem Ahmed Laghari
{"title":"Time Period in Which Radiation Workers Completed the 20 mSv Annual Limit","authors":"S. Memon, Naeem Ahmed Laghari","doi":"10.9734/bjast/2017/30802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2017/30802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91221,"journal":{"name":"British journal of applied science & technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47582025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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