Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000331
S. Okada
{"title":"Treatment Approaches for Pulmonary Hypertension in Kyphoscoliosis Related Alveolar Hypoventilation","authors":"S. Okada","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000319
Andrew T Koogler, M. Kushelev
Regional anesthesia techniques for orthopedic surgeries have become more frequently utilized for postoperative analgesia. A commonly used technique for shoulder surgery is the interscalene brachial plexus nerve block which involves anesthetizing nerves of the shoulder. Unfortunately, patients can experience a transient phrenic nerve block resulting in dyspnea. Rarely this develops into a persistent phrenic nerve block that can out last the duration of the local anesthetics deposited around the brachial plexus. Patients with a persistent phrenic nerve block can present to neurologists and other specialists with symptoms that appear to have a cardiac or pulmonary etiology requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
{"title":"Review of Persistent Phrenic Nerve Palsy","authors":"Andrew T Koogler, M. Kushelev","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"Regional anesthesia techniques for orthopedic surgeries have become more frequently utilized for postoperative analgesia. A commonly used technique for shoulder surgery is the interscalene brachial plexus nerve block which involves anesthetizing nerves of the shoulder. Unfortunately, patients can experience a transient phrenic nerve block resulting in dyspnea. Rarely this develops into a persistent phrenic nerve block that can out last the duration of the local anesthetics deposited around the brachial plexus. Patients with a persistent phrenic nerve block can present to neurologists and other specialists with symptoms that appear to have a cardiac or pulmonary etiology requiring prompt diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000322
Shinsaku Kanazawa, M. Kammori
Various immune-mediated disorders are associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Behcet’s disease (BD) is chronic, relapsing, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by recurrent urogenital aphthae and systemic manifestations, including ocular disease, skin lesions, gastrointestinal involvement, mammary manifestations, vascular disease, and arthritis. BD has been associated with malignancy in a few case series and case reports. However, the relationship between Behcet’s disease (BD) and breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we consider the relationship between BD and breast cancer through analysis of the medical literature and a review of our own experience.
{"title":"Breast Cancer with Behç's Disease: A Short Review","authors":"Shinsaku Kanazawa, M. Kammori","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"Various immune-mediated disorders are associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Behcet’s disease (BD) is chronic, relapsing, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by recurrent urogenital aphthae and systemic manifestations, including ocular disease, skin lesions, gastrointestinal involvement, mammary manifestations, vascular disease, and arthritis. BD has been associated with malignancy in a few case series and case reports. However, the relationship between Behcet’s disease (BD) and breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we consider the relationship between BD and breast cancer through analysis of the medical literature and a review of our own experience.","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000309
F. Patti, C. Chisari
{"title":"The Cost-effectiveness of Sativex®: The Italian Experience Based on \" in Resistant Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity: Discontinuation Study in a Large Population of Italian Patients, SA.FE. Study\"","authors":"F. Patti, C. Chisari","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000328
Gro C C Løhaugen, Cato Sundberg, H. Beneventi, Ellen Bakkan, G. Andersen, Geir Walther, H. F. Østgård, T. Vik, J. Skranes
Results: VABS scores and full IQ scores were lower than in Typically Developing (TD) children. Children with left-sided unilateral CP had higher VABS scores within the communication domain (mean:87, SD:13) than right-sided unilateral CP (mean:72, SD:13, p=0.038), but this was not significant when adjusted for IQ. More than 80% of the CP children obtained scores lower than expected for TD children within daily living skills. In the group with normal IQ (Full IQ 85-115, n=30) 31% obtained scores as expected for age within daily life functioning.
{"title":"The Relationship between Adaptive Behavior and Cognitive Abilities (IQ) in Norwegian Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP): A Multi-Center Study","authors":"Gro C C Løhaugen, Cato Sundberg, H. Beneventi, Ellen Bakkan, G. Andersen, Geir Walther, H. F. Østgård, T. Vik, J. Skranes","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000328","url":null,"abstract":"Results: VABS scores and full IQ scores were lower than in Typically Developing (TD) children. Children with left-sided unilateral CP had higher VABS scores within the communication domain (mean:87, SD:13) than right-sided unilateral CP (mean:72, SD:13, p=0.038), but this was not significant when adjusted for IQ. More than 80% of the CP children obtained scores lower than expected for TD children within daily living skills. In the group with normal IQ (Full IQ 85-115, n=30) 31% obtained scores as expected for age within daily life functioning.","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000311
Taemin Lee
Recovery in central nervous system (CNS) disorders is hindered by the limited ability of the system to regenerate lost cells, replace damaged myelin, and re-establish functional neural connections. Cell transplants are being actively researched for treatment of CNS injuries. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of transplanted mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) on spinal cord injuries in rats. The spinal cord injuries were produced by clip compression device. The transplants were made on the seventh day after the injuries. The injury areas of cavity volumes were smaller in the transplant group than they were for the non-transplant group. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the transplanted mESC infiltrated into the injured areas of the injuries, but the transplanted mESC were not differentiated into glial or neuronal cells. In the previous studies, no mESC was differentiated into GFAPpositive astrocytes or NF (or tubulin) positive neurons. Most mESC were of an undifferentiated cell type. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have previously been identified in both the mammalian brain and spinal cord. Non-transplant animals with BBB scores less than 7 showed the formation of large cavities. The spinal cords of mESC-transplant animals had cavities much smaller than those of non-transplant animals. These results suggested that mESC-transplant reduced the formation of cavities after injury in the SCI model. Considering that mESC can be used for autologous transplant, the results of the present study suggest that the transplant of mESC may be used for the treatment of spinal cord injuries [1-4].
{"title":"Morphology by Grafted Cell of Spinal Cord Region from Infarction Surgery","authors":"Taemin Lee","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Recovery in central nervous system (CNS) disorders is hindered by the limited ability of the system to regenerate lost cells, replace damaged myelin, and re-establish functional neural connections. Cell transplants are being actively researched for treatment of CNS injuries. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of transplanted mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) on spinal cord injuries in rats. The spinal cord injuries were produced by clip compression device. The transplants were made on the seventh day after the injuries. The injury areas of cavity volumes were smaller in the transplant group than they were for the non-transplant group. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the transplanted mESC infiltrated into the injured areas of the injuries, but the transplanted mESC were not differentiated into glial or neuronal cells. In the previous studies, no mESC was differentiated into GFAPpositive astrocytes or NF (or tubulin) positive neurons. Most mESC were of an undifferentiated cell type. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have previously been identified in both the mammalian brain and spinal cord. Non-transplant animals with BBB scores less than 7 showed the formation of large cavities. The spinal cords of mESC-transplant animals had cavities much smaller than those of non-transplant animals. These results suggested that mESC-transplant reduced the formation of cavities after injury in the SCI model. Considering that mESC can be used for autologous transplant, the results of the present study suggest that the transplant of mESC may be used for the treatment of spinal cord injuries [1-4].","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000314
Young-Eun Choi, Hye-rim Jung
Disorders of movement and posture development in children with cerebral palsy can limit the participation in everyday activities, such as learning and play. In the modern concept of motor learning, the interaction among an individual, the task, and the individual’s environment are crucial in improving the individual’s motor ability, and taskorientation training is the representative approach for motor learning. This short commentary reviews task-orientation training as an intervention in the functional mobility and postural control of children with cerebral palsy
{"title":"A Commentary on Task-Oriented Interventions in the Functional Mobility and Postural Control of Children with Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Young-Eun Choi, Hye-rim Jung","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Disorders of movement and posture development in children with cerebral palsy can limit the participation in everyday activities, such as learning and play. In the modern concept of motor learning, the interaction among an individual, the task, and the individual’s environment are crucial in improving the individual’s motor ability, and taskorientation training is the representative approach for motor learning. This short commentary reviews task-orientation training as an intervention in the functional mobility and postural control of children with cerebral palsy","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000316
Sierra Sanjurjo Natalia, Torralva Teresa
One of the aims of neuropsychological assessment is the identification and classification of cognitive status. In this endeavor it is fundamental to compare the individual test score to scores obtained from a normative population. There is evidence that demographic factors exert influence on performance of neuropsychological tests [13]. A variety of studies have consistently reported negative correlations between different neuropsychological test scores and years of education, healthy adults with more years of schooling surpass those with lower in diverse cognitive tests [4,5]. Without appropriate knowledge about the impact of years of schooling on neuropsychological tests, false positive attributions may be routinely made [6]. Clinicians might overestimate cognitive impairment in individuals with limited education, as Ponton et al. [7] found, that non-demented individuals with less than 6 years of schooling score less than 2 standard deviations below average when compared with persons with 16 years of education. The aforementioned data stresses the value of analyze neuropsychological test scores considering education-adjusted norms.
{"title":"Commentary on Levels of Education and Normative Data in Neuropsychological Tests","authors":"Sierra Sanjurjo Natalia, Torralva Teresa","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"One of the aims of neuropsychological assessment is the identification and classification of cognitive status. In this endeavor it is fundamental to compare the individual test score to scores obtained from a normative population. There is evidence that demographic factors exert influence on performance of neuropsychological tests [13]. A variety of studies have consistently reported negative correlations between different neuropsychological test scores and years of education, healthy adults with more years of schooling surpass those with lower in diverse cognitive tests [4,5]. Without appropriate knowledge about the impact of years of schooling on neuropsychological tests, false positive attributions may be routinely made [6]. Clinicians might overestimate cognitive impairment in individuals with limited education, as Ponton et al. [7] found, that non-demented individuals with less than 6 years of schooling score less than 2 standard deviations below average when compared with persons with 16 years of education. The aforementioned data stresses the value of analyze neuropsychological test scores considering education-adjusted norms.","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000318
M. Zakir, T. Rajput, Fasiha Sohail, G. Niazi, R. Rahim, Misbah Patoli, S. Nawaz
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is characterized by a brief but widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord that damages myelin-the protective covering of nerve fibers. Although most often observed as a single episode, relapsing or recurrent forms are also present. The true incidence in Pakistan is still undetermined. ADEM is a diagnosis of exclusion in many cases, and relies on neuroimaging .We present a case of young female having no history of immunization recently with nonspecific symptoms (lower limbs weakness, fever that progress to all four limbs weakness with urine incontinence and aphasia). An atypical MRI finding of extensive abnormal areas in white matter involving frontopaietal and occipital lobes on T2 and FLAIR. ESR, C.T brain and L.P came normal which subsided young stroke and multiple sclerosis hence diagnosis of ADEM was made. She was subsequently treated with high-dose steroids (methylprednisolone) and plasmapheresis with good outcomes.
{"title":"Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Diagnosis of Exclusion with Atypical Neuroimaging","authors":"M. Zakir, T. Rajput, Fasiha Sohail, G. Niazi, R. Rahim, Misbah Patoli, S. Nawaz","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is characterized by a brief but widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord that damages myelin-the protective covering of nerve fibers. Although most often observed as a single episode, relapsing or recurrent forms are also present. The true incidence in Pakistan is still undetermined. ADEM is a diagnosis of exclusion in many cases, and relies on neuroimaging .We present a case of young female having no history of immunization recently with nonspecific symptoms (lower limbs weakness, fever that progress to all four limbs weakness with urine incontinence and aphasia). An atypical MRI finding of extensive abnormal areas in white matter involving frontopaietal and occipital lobes on T2 and FLAIR. ESR, C.T brain and L.P came normal which subsided young stroke and multiple sclerosis hence diagnosis of ADEM was made. She was subsequently treated with high-dose steroids (methylprednisolone) and plasmapheresis with good outcomes.","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-0281.1000318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-28DOI: 10.4172/2376-0281.1000299
Sang-Bong Chung, M. Kim
Akinetic Mutism (AM) is an infrequent, but profound complication of recurrent obstructive hydrocephalus. This condition has a tendency not to improve, either spontaneously or with restoration of shunt function. Occasionally, complete recovery of hydrocephalic-related AM has been achieved with bromocriptine. However, we do not have detailed guidelines for dosage or duration of bromocriptine treatment. Therefore, we reviewed pharmacological treatments for AM because of shunt failure. Finally, we suggest appropriate treatment guidelines for this type of AM.
{"title":"Akinetic Mutism after Shunt Failure: Short Communication with a Review of the Literature","authors":"Sang-Bong Chung, M. Kim","doi":"10.4172/2376-0281.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0281.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"Akinetic Mutism (AM) is an infrequent, but profound complication of recurrent obstructive hydrocephalus. This condition has a tendency not to improve, either spontaneously or with restoration of shunt function. Occasionally, complete recovery of hydrocephalic-related AM has been achieved with bromocriptine. However, we do not have detailed guidelines for dosage or duration of bromocriptine treatment. Therefore, we reviewed pharmacological treatments for AM because of shunt failure. Finally, we suggest appropriate treatment guidelines for this type of AM.","PeriodicalId":91292,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurorehabilitation","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46094564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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