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Grammar-based, posture- and context-cognitive detection for falls with different activity levels 基于语法、姿势和情境认知的不同活动水平跌倒检测
Qiang Li, J. Stankovic
Falls are dangerous for the aged population as they result in serious detrimental consequences. Therefore, many fall detection methods have been proposed. Most of these methods characterize falls by large accelerations and fast body orientation changes. However, certain activities like sitting down quickly, vigorous gaits, and jumping, also show these characteristics, and thus are hard to distinguish from real falls. Moreover, many falls in the elderly are slow falls which show lower activity levels. Existing work fails to detect slow falls effectively because they only identify falls with high activity levels. In this paper, we present a grammar-based fall detection framework which not only better distinguishes fall-like activities from real falls, but also emphasizes the detection of slow falls. We utilize posture information extracted from on-body sensors and context information collected from sensors deployed in the house to reduce false positives. A fall in our framework is detected as a sequence of sensor events. We provide a context-free grammar to define these sequences so that the framework can be easily extended to detect more kinds of falls. Our case study shows that our method can distinguish various fall-like activities from real falls and can also effectively detect both fast falls and slow falls. The integration evaluation shows that our method achieves both high sensitivity and high specificity.
跌倒对老年人来说是危险的,因为它们会导致严重的有害后果。因此,人们提出了许多跌倒检测方法。这些方法大多以大的加速度和快速的身体方向变化来描述跌倒。然而,某些活动,如快速坐下、步态剧烈和跳跃,也表现出这些特征,因此很难与真正的跌倒区分开来。此外,许多老年人的跌倒是缓慢的跌倒,显示出较低的活动水平。现有的工作不能有效地检测慢速跌倒,因为它们只能识别高活动水平的跌倒。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于语法的跌倒检测框架,该框架不仅能更好地区分类似跌倒的活动和真实的跌倒,而且还强调了对慢跌倒的检测。我们利用从身体传感器提取的姿势信息和从部署在房子里的传感器收集的环境信息来减少误报。在我们的框架中,下降是作为一系列传感器事件检测到的。我们提供了一个上下文无关的语法来定义这些序列,这样框架就可以很容易地扩展到检测更多种类的摔倒。我们的案例研究表明,我们的方法可以区分各种类似跌倒的活动和真实的跌倒,也可以有效地检测快跌倒和慢跌倒。综合评价表明,该方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异性。
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引用次数: 21
Lightweight power aware and scalable movement monitoring for wearable computers: a mining and recognition technique at the fingertip of sensors 用于可穿戴计算机的轻量级功率感知和可扩展运动监测:传感器指尖的挖掘和识别技术
Vitali Loseu, Jerry Mannil, R. Jafari
Activity monitoring using Body Sensor Networks(BSN) has gained much attention from the scientific community due to its recreational and medical applications. Suggested techniques for activity monitoring face two major problem. First, systems have to be trained for the individual subjects due to the heterogeneity of the BSN data. While most solutions can address this problem on a small data set, they have no mechanics for automatic scaling of the solution as the data set increases. Second, the battery limitations of the BSN severely limit the maximum deployment time for the continuous monitoring. This problem is often solved by shifting some processing to the local sensor nodes to avoid a very heavy communication cost. However, little work has been done to optimize the sensing and processing cost of the action recognition. In this paper, we propose an action recognition approach based on the BSN repository. We show how the information of a large repository can be automatically used to customize the processing on sensor nodes based on a limited and automated training process. We also investigate the power cost of such a repository mining approach on the sensor nodes based on our implementation. To assess the power requirement, we define an energy model for data sensing and processing. We demonstrate the relationship between the activity recognition precision and the power consumption of the system during continuous action monitoring. We demonstrate the energy effectiveness of our approach with a classification accuracy constraint based on limited data repository.
基于身体传感器网络(BSN)的活动监测因其在娱乐和医疗方面的应用而受到科学界的广泛关注。建议的活动监测技术面临两个主要问题。首先,由于BSN数据的异质性,系统必须针对个体受试者进行训练。虽然大多数解决方案可以在小数据集上解决这个问题,但它们没有随着数据集的增加而自动扩展解决方案的机制。其次,BSN的电池限制严重限制了连续监控的最大部署时间。这个问题通常通过将一些处理转移到本地传感器节点来解决,以避免非常沉重的通信成本。然而,对动作识别的感知和处理成本进行优化的研究很少。本文提出了一种基于BSN知识库的动作识别方法。我们展示了如何基于有限的自动化训练过程自动使用大型存储库的信息来定制传感器节点上的处理。基于我们的实现,我们还研究了这种存储库挖掘方法在传感器节点上的功耗。为了评估功率需求,我们定义了一个用于数据感知和处理的能量模型。我们论证了在连续动作监测过程中,动作识别精度与系统功耗之间的关系。我们通过基于有限数据存储库的分类精度约束来证明我们的方法的能量有效性。
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引用次数: 4
An ECG patch combining a customized ultra-low-power ECG SoC with Bluetooth low energy for long term ambulatory monitoring 结合定制的超低功耗ECG SoC和低功耗蓝牙的ECG贴片,用于长期动态监测
M. Altini, Salvatore Polito, J. Penders, Hyejung Kim, N. V. Helleputte, Sunyoung Kim, R. Yazicioglu
This paper presents the development of an ECG patch aiming at long term patient monitoring. The use of the recently standardized Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, together with a customized ultra-low-power ECG System on Chip (ECG SoC). including Digital Signal Processing (DSP) capabilities, enables the design of ultra low power systems able to continuously monitor patients, performing on board signal processing such as filtering, data compression, beat detection and motion artifact removal along with all the advantages provided by a standard radio technology such as Bluetooth. Early tests show how combining the ECG SoC and BLE leads to a total current consumption of only 500μA at 3.7V, while computing beat detection and transmitting heart rate remotely via BLE. This allows up to one month lifetime with a 400mAh Li-Po battery.
本文介绍了一种ECG贴片的开发,旨在长期监测患者。采用最近标准化的低功耗蓝牙(BLE)技术,以及定制的超低功耗心电芯片系统(ECG SoC)。包括数字信号处理(DSP)功能,使超低功耗系统的设计能够持续监测患者,执行机载信号处理,如滤波,数据压缩,节拍检测和运动伪影去除,以及蓝牙等标准无线电技术提供的所有优势。早期的测试表明,结合ECG SoC和BLE在3.7V时的总电流消耗仅为500μA,同时计算心跳检测并通过BLE远程传输心率。这允许长达一个月的寿命与一个400mAh锂电池。
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引用次数: 33
Feature extractors for integration of cameras and sensors during end-user programming of assistive monitoring systems 在辅助监控系统的最终用户编程过程中,用于集成摄像机和传感器的特征提取器
Alex D. Edgcomb, F. Vahid
Assistive monitoring systems increasingly include cameras along with sensors. End-users require the capability to program such systems to monitor user-specified events and provide customized notifications in response. We introduce feature extractors, which provide a means for integrating camera video with sensor data. A feature extractor takes a video stream as input, and outputs a stream of integer values corresponding to the amount of a particular sensor phenomenon such as motion, sound, or light, or of more advanced phenomena such as human motion, screams, or falls. Feature extractors provide an elegant means for end-users to integrate cameras into their monitoring programs. We introduce feature extractors, provide examples illustrating their effectiveness for various common assistive monitoring scenarios, and summarize usability trials with 51 lay users demonstrating 56%-96% correct utilization of feature extractors.
辅助监控系统越来越多地包括摄像头和传感器。最终用户需要能够对这样的系统进行编程,以监视用户指定的事件,并在响应中提供定制的通知。我们引入了特征提取器,它提供了一种整合摄像机视频和传感器数据的方法。特征提取器将视频流作为输入,并输出与特定传感器现象(如运动、声音或光线)或更高级的现象(如人体运动、尖叫或跌倒)的数量相对应的整数值流。特征提取器为最终用户将摄像机集成到监控程序中提供了一种优雅的方法。我们介绍了特征提取器,举例说明了它们在各种常见的辅助监控场景中的有效性,并总结了51个非专业用户的可用性试验,表明特征提取器的正确利用率为56%-96%。
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引用次数: 2
Long-term monitoring of COPD using wearable sensors 使用可穿戴传感器长期监测COPD
Bor-rong Chen, Shyamal Patel, Luca Della Toffola, P. Bonato
Activity recognition can provide important contextual information for the diagnosis and treatment of several medical conditions. In COPD patients, measurement of long term physical activity level, combined with physiological parameters such as heart rate and respiration rate can be used for early detection of exacerbations. Using wearable sensors, we can achieve this goal by continuously monitoring the daily activities of COPD patients. Due to low computation power of wearable sensors, typical activity monitoring systems are designed to store or wirelessly transfer raw data from the sensors to a more powerful PC-class computer for classification. While this approach preserves the original data at the highest resolution, it is highly resource-intensive and therefore reduces the lifetime of the wearable sensors due to required storage space, bandwidth, and battery capacity. In this demo, we present an optimized activity monitoring system for COPD patients that performs feature extraction on wearable sensors. Such implementation minimizes the number of radio packets sent by the wearable sensors and eliminates the need to store raw sensor data.
活动识别可以为多种疾病的诊断和治疗提供重要的上下文信息。在COPD患者中,测量长期体力活动水平,结合心率和呼吸率等生理参数可用于早期发现病情恶化。使用可穿戴传感器,我们可以通过持续监测COPD患者的日常活动来实现这一目标。由于可穿戴传感器的计算能力较低,典型的活动监测系统被设计为将传感器的原始数据存储或无线传输到功能更强大的pc级计算机上进行分类。虽然这种方法以最高的分辨率保留了原始数据,但由于所需的存储空间、带宽和电池容量,它是高度资源密集型的,因此减少了可穿戴传感器的使用寿命。在这个演示中,我们展示了一个优化的COPD患者活动监测系统,该系统可以在可穿戴传感器上进行特征提取。这样的实现最小化了可穿戴传感器发送的无线数据包的数量,并且消除了存储原始传感器数据的需要。
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引用次数: 5
Modeling human gait using a Kalman filter to measure walking distance 用卡尔曼滤波对人体步态进行建模以测量步行距离
K. Nagarajan, N. Gans, R. Jafari
In this demo, we present a novel method to estimate joint angles and distance traveled by a human while walking. Understanding the kinematics of the human leg gives the velocities associated with forward human motion. Gyroscopes and accelerometers placed at two limbs provide the required measurement inputs. The inputs are used to estimate the desired state parameters associated with forward motion using a constrained Kalman Filter. Experimental results with walking subjects show that distance walked can be measured with accuracy comparable to state of the art motion tracking systems. The average RMSE is 0.05 meters per stride, which corresponds to 95% accuracy considering average stride length of 1 metre from the experiments.
在这个演示中,我们提出了一种新的方法来估计人类行走时的关节角度和距离。了解了人腿的运动学,我们就知道了人向前运动的速度。安装在四肢上的陀螺仪和加速度计提供所需的测量输入。输入用于使用约束卡尔曼滤波器估计与前向运动相关的期望状态参数。以行走为实验对象的实验结果表明,行走距离的测量精度可与最先进的运动跟踪系统相媲美。平均RMSE为0.05 m /跨步,考虑实验中平均跨步长度为1 m,准确率为95%。
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引用次数: 9
Converting body heat into reliable energy for powering physiological wireless sensors 将身体热量转化为可靠的能量,为生理无线传感器供电
I. Stark
Wearable thermoelectric generator (WTEG) technology is a unique energy harvesting application currently being developed by Perpetua Power Source Technologies for powering low-power transceivers and physiological monitoring sensors using body heat as an always-available power source. Integrated into wearable structures, such as an armband, clothing patch or directly embedded into a low-power wireless monitoring device, WTEGs utilize heat from the body and convert it into electrical energy. WTEG technology can be used to renewably and reliably power on-body sensors that can wirelessly monitor an individual's location or a specific physiological condition.
可穿戴热电发电机(WTEG)技术是一种独特的能量收集应用,目前由Perpetua Power Source Technologies开发,用于为低功耗收发器和生理监测传感器供电,使用体热作为始终可用的电源。wteg集成到可穿戴结构中,如臂章、衣服贴片或直接嵌入到低功耗无线监控设备中,利用身体的热量并将其转换为电能。WTEG技术可用于可再生和可靠地为身体传感器供电,这些传感器可以无线监测个人的位置或特定的生理状况。
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引用次数: 12
Demonstration of sleep monitoring and caregiver displays for depression monitoring 睡眠监测的示范和抑郁症监测的看护人展示
Robert F. Dickerson, T. Hnat, Enamul Hoque, J. Stankovic
We demonstrate a subset of the components used in a real-time depression monitoring product for the home. This system runs 24/7 and can potentially detect the early signs of a depression episode, as well as track progress managing a depressive illness. In the complete system, a cohesive set of integrated wireless sensors, a touch screen station, and associated software deliver the above capabilities. The data collected are multi-modal, spanning a number of different behavioral domains including sleep, weight, activities of daily living, and speech prosody. The reports generated by this aggregated data across multiple behavioral domains are aimed to provide caregivers with more accurate and thorough information about the patient's current functioning, thus helping in their diagnostic assessment and therapeutic treatment planning as well as for patients in the management and tracking of their symptoms. We show how the sleep monitoring module can collect bed movements to infer sleeping times and periods of restlessness, and we also present the caregiver display with its series of reports of patient emotional health.
我们展示了一个用于家庭的实时抑郁监测产品的组件子集。该系统全天候运行,可以潜在地发现抑郁症发作的早期迹象,并跟踪抑郁症的治疗进展。在完整的系统中,一组内聚的集成无线传感器、一个触摸屏站和相关软件提供了上述功能。收集的数据是多模式的,跨越了许多不同的行为领域,包括睡眠、体重、日常生活活动和语言韵律。由这些跨多个行为领域的汇总数据生成的报告旨在为护理人员提供有关患者当前功能的更准确和全面的信息,从而帮助他们进行诊断评估和治疗治疗计划,并帮助患者管理和跟踪其症状。我们展示了睡眠监测模块如何收集床上的运动来推断睡眠时间和不安的时期,我们还展示了护理人员展示的一系列患者情绪健康报告。
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引用次数: 5
mConverse: inferring conversation episodes from respiratory measurements collected in the field mConverse:从现场收集的呼吸测量数据推断谈话情节
Md. Mahbubur Rahman, A. Ali, K. Plarre, M. al’Absi, Emre Ertin, Santosh Kumar
Automated detection of social interactions in the natural environment has resulted in promising advances in organizational behavior, consumer behavior, and behavioral health. Progress, however, has been limited since the primary means of assessing social interactions today (i.e., audio recording) has several issues in field usage such as microphone occlusion, lack of speaker specificity, and high energy drain, in addition to significant privacy concerns. In this paper, we present mConverse, a new mobile-based system to infer conversation episodes from respiration measurements collected in the field from an unobtrusively wearable respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) band worn around the user's chest. The measurements are wire-lessly transmitted to a mobile phone, where they are used in a novel machine learning model to determine whether the wearer is speaking, listening, or quiet. Our model incorporates several innovations to address issues that naturally arise in the noisy field environment such as confounding events, poor data quality due to sensor loosening and detachment, losses in the wireless channel, etc. Our basic model obtains 83% accuracy for the three class classification. We formulate a Hidden Markov Model to further improve the accuracy to 87%. Finally, we apply our model to data collected from 22 subjects who wore the sensor for 2 full days in the field to observe conversation behavior in daily life and find that people spend 25% of their day in conversations.
自然环境中社会互动的自动检测已经在组织行为、消费者行为和行为健康方面取得了有希望的进展。然而,由于当今评估社交互动的主要手段(即录音)在现场使用中存在一些问题,例如麦克风遮挡,缺乏扬声器特异性,高能量消耗,以及严重的隐私问题,因此进展有限。在本文中,我们介绍了mConverse,这是一种新的基于移动的系统,可以从现场收集的呼吸测量数据推断会话事件,这些呼吸测量数据来自佩戴在用户胸部的不显眼的可穿戴呼吸感应体积描记器(RIP)带。测量结果通过无线传输到手机上,用于一种新型的机器学习模型,以确定佩戴者是在说话、倾听还是安静。我们的模型结合了几项创新,以解决在嘈杂的现场环境中自然出现的问题,如混淆事件、由于传感器松动和脱离而导致的数据质量差、无线信道损失等。我们的基本模型对三类分类的准确率达到83%。我们建立了一个隐马尔可夫模型,进一步将准确率提高到87%。最后,我们将我们的模型应用于22名受试者的数据,这些受试者在现场佩戴传感器整整2天,观察日常生活中的谈话行为,发现人们每天有25%的时间花在谈话上。
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引用次数: 53
Rehabilitation exercise feedback on Android platform Android平台康复锻炼反馈
B. Caulfield, Jason Blood, Barry Smyth, D. Kelly
In this paper, we present an overview of the VITFIZ platform. VITFIZ is a mobile exercise system which we have developed for the provision of personalized feedback to patients performing rehabilitation exercise. VITFIZ has been developed in response to the need for novel solutions that will facilitate effective implementation and management of rehabilitation exercise for patients in the home setting between visits to the clinic. Increased availability of smart phones equipped with motion sensors means that the system can be deployed on a mobile platform. VITFIZ has been evaluated in the laboratory and clinical setting and initial results suggest that it is an effective tool for increasing accuracy of exercise technique and motivation to perform exercise. It has promise as a mobile health application for the rehabilitation sector
在本文中,我们介绍了VITFIZ平台的概述。VITFIZ是一个移动运动系统,我们已经开发提供个性化的反馈给患者进行康复锻炼。VITFIZ的开发是为了响应对新颖解决方案的需求,这些解决方案将促进患者在访问诊所之间的家庭环境中有效地实施和管理康复锻炼。配备运动传感器的智能手机越来越多,这意味着该系统可以部署在移动平台上。VITFIZ已经在实验室和临床环境中进行了评估,初步结果表明它是提高运动技术准确性和运动动机的有效工具。它有望成为康复部门的移动健康应用程序
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Proceedings Wireless Health ... [electronic resource]. Wireless Health (Conference)
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