{"title":"Effect of Different Extraction Solvents on the Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium Guajava (Guava) Leaves against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria Implicated in Nosocomial Infections","authors":"F. Festus, Oyeniran Opeyemi Goodness, Ozabor Praise Temilade","doi":"10.18488/journal.57.2020.91.24.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57.2020.91.24.37","url":null,"abstract":"Article History Received: 20 January 2020 Revised: 24 February 2020 Accepted: 26 March 2020 Published: 13 April 2020","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67987381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Nanotoxicity Assay of Copper-Cobalt Bimetallic Nanoparticles as a Novel Nanolarvicide for Mosquito Larvae Management","authors":"Zaccheus Shehu, Wilson Lamayi Danbature, B. Magaji, M. M. Adam, Musa Aminu Bunu, Abigail John Mai, Yoro Mela","doi":"10.18488/journal.57.2020.92.99.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57.2020.92.99.104","url":null,"abstract":"Article History Received: 28 April 2020 Revised: 2 June 2020 Accepted: 6 July 2020 Published: 24 July 2020","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67988245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.57.2019.81.38.47
G. D.S, U. H.O, Ogbole P.A.
{"title":"Assessment of Haemoglobin Polymorphism as a Potential Protein Marker in Selection for Genetic Improvement of the West African Dwarf Goat Population in Nigeria","authors":"G. D.S, U. H.O, Ogbole P.A.","doi":"10.18488/journal.57.2019.81.38.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57.2019.81.38.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67987409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.57.2019.82.115.124
Adeyemo Stella. M, Abimbola Olufemi. G
{"title":"Assessment of the Nutritional Qualities of a Locally-Produced Weaning Blend of Sorghum Ogi Flour Fortified with Bambara Groundnut Flour","authors":"Adeyemo Stella. M, Abimbola Olufemi. G","doi":"10.18488/journal.57.2019.82.115.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57.2019.82.115.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67987565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.57.2019.81.84.92
Nwoko Christopher Ikpe Amadi, Nkwoada Amarachi Udoka, Ogu, Helen Ugochi
{"title":"Optimization of Biodiesel Development from Non-Edible Indigenous Feedstocks in Nigeria","authors":"Nwoko Christopher Ikpe Amadi, Nkwoada Amarachi Udoka, Ogu, Helen Ugochi","doi":"10.18488/journal.57.2019.81.84.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57.2019.81.84.92","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67987514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.51.63
F. Afolabi, S. Adeyemo, H. O. Balogun
The aim of this study was to isolate and screen citric acid producing yeasts using low cost substrates. Thirty three yeast isolates were obtained from pineapple, plantain and sugar cane waste and identified as; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida tropicalis, Pichia guilliiermondii, Debaromyces sp., Candida parapsilosis, Candida rugosa, and Candida krusei. Candida tropicalis had zone of clearance of 49±2.1 mm in diameter, Pichia guilliermondii had 40±1.2mm. Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced citric acid with glucose with 105.0 mg/l. C. tropicalis yielded 132.2 mg/l with sodium nitrate. S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis produced citric acid at pH 6 with 23.70mg/l and 23.80mg/l. P. gulliermondii at pH 4 produced 23.00mg/l. The temperature of 30°C favoured S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis yielding 40.80mg/l and 39.80 mg/l. After extraction, the yield of the citric acid was 4.231g, 3g of which was recrystallized to yield 2.16g of pure citric acid resulting into 72% recovery. The result indicated that pineapple wastes, plantain wastes and sugarcane cane are potential sources of yeasts that can be used for the production of citric acid.
{"title":"Fermentation Conditions and Process Optimization of Citric Acid Production by Yeasts","authors":"F. Afolabi, S. Adeyemo, H. O. Balogun","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.51.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.51.63","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to isolate and screen citric acid producing yeasts using low cost substrates. Thirty three yeast isolates were obtained from pineapple, plantain and sugar cane waste and identified as; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida tropicalis, Pichia guilliiermondii, Debaromyces sp., Candida parapsilosis, Candida rugosa, and Candida krusei. Candida tropicalis had zone of clearance of 49±2.1 mm in diameter, Pichia guilliermondii had 40±1.2mm. Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced citric acid with glucose with 105.0 mg/l. C. tropicalis yielded 132.2 mg/l with sodium nitrate. S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis produced citric acid at pH 6 with 23.70mg/l and 23.80mg/l. P. gulliermondii at pH 4 produced 23.00mg/l. The temperature of 30°C favoured S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis yielding 40.80mg/l and 39.80 mg/l. After extraction, the yield of the citric acid was 4.231g, 3g of which was recrystallized to yield 2.16g of pure citric acid resulting into 72% recovery. The result indicated that pineapple wastes, plantain wastes and sugarcane cane are potential sources of yeasts that can be used for the production of citric acid.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44899756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patterns of Plant Community Formation and Vegetation Structure in the Afro-Alpine Vegetation of Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia","authors":"G. Melese, Berhanu Abraha Tsegay, Getinet Masresha Kassa, Getnet Belay Kuratie","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.31.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.31.43","url":null,"abstract":"Article History Received: 20 July 2018 Revised: 28 August 2018 Accepted: 1 October 2018 Published: 7 November 2018","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-12DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.8.16
Tekeba Sisay, D. Verma, N. Berhane, Mesfin Tsegaw
Human immunodeficiency virus is classified under the Retroviridae family and identified as a causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Since Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is identified as causative agent of AIDS, about 39 million people have been died and 78 million people have been infected worldwide. Despite tremendous efforts are being made to develop successful diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods, and to develop HIV vaccine the effort remains great challenge for researchers, due to extreme genetic variability of the virus. Even though vaccination of HIV is the most promising, cost effective and feasible intervention strategy to control and eradicate HIV disease route and transmission, still now we are struggling to find an elusive vaccine after thirty years and disappointing results are recorded from previous clinical trials, except the promising RV144 HIV vaccine which is phase III clinical trial with the modest vaccine efficacy. The contribution of this study is to reveal the challenges to found potent HIV vaccine during the last decades, significant lessons learnt about the basic virology, pathogenesis, immunology, HIV/AIDS treatment and HIV infection prevention and significant findings and clinical trials progresses which are currently open the way to some extent to hope that HIV vaccine development is possible.
{"title":"Vaccine Development Strategies, Progresses and Challenges for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Review","authors":"Tekeba Sisay, D. Verma, N. Berhane, Mesfin Tsegaw","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.8.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.8.16","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus is classified under the Retroviridae family and identified as a causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Since Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is identified as causative agent of AIDS, about 39 million people have been died and 78 million people have been infected worldwide. Despite tremendous efforts are being made to develop successful diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods, and to develop HIV vaccine the effort remains great challenge for researchers, due to extreme genetic variability of the virus. Even though vaccination of HIV is the most promising, cost effective and feasible intervention strategy to control and eradicate HIV disease route and transmission, still now we are struggling to find an elusive vaccine after thirty years and disappointing results are recorded from previous clinical trials, except the promising RV144 HIV vaccine which is phase III clinical trial with the modest vaccine efficacy. The contribution of this study is to reveal the challenges to found potent HIV vaccine during the last decades, significant lessons learnt about the basic virology, pathogenesis, immunology, HIV/AIDS treatment and HIV infection prevention and significant findings and clinical trials progresses which are currently open the way to some extent to hope that HIV vaccine development is possible.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41441691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-04DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.1.7
Tigist Minyamer, Getnet Belay
In Ethiopia, different parts of Croton macrostachyus (C. macrostachyus) are used as a traditional medicine to take care of infectious diseases such as typhoid and measles, but there is no documented report on the antibacterial activity of stem bark of this plant in Ethiopia. C. macrostachyus stem bark was extracted using chloroform, methanol, and water extraction solvents and tested for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (E. coli), clinical isolates and standard, and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), clinical isolates and standard, using agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. The positive control was Chloramphenicol, while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was served as negative control. The present study showed the potent antibacterial activity of the C. macrostachyus stem bark extract against all tested bacterial pathogens. The methanol extract of C. macrostachyus stem bark showed the highest zone of inhibition (17+1mm) against S. aureus (standard) and the lowest zone of inhibition (12+1) against E. coli (clinical isolate). In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 500 & 500 mg/ml, 62.5 & 125 mg/ml and 250 & 500mg/ml were obtained for water, methanol, and chloroform extracts of C. macrostachyus stem bark against clinically isolated E. coli respectively. C. macrostachyus stem bark extracts have confirmed antibacterial effects, mainly on E. coli and S. aureus. Thus, C. macrostachyus stem bark could be effective for prevention of bacterial infections and may be considered as an option to antibiotic regimens. But further studies should be conducted with different extraction solvents and toxicity and phytochemical analysis must be performed on these plants to use as sources and templates for the synthesis of drugs.
{"title":"In Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Chloroform, Methanol and Water Extracts of Croton Macrostachyus Stem Bark Against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus Standard and Clinical Strains","authors":"Tigist Minyamer, Getnet Belay","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57.2018.71.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, different parts of Croton macrostachyus (C. macrostachyus) are used as a traditional medicine to take care of infectious diseases such as typhoid and measles, but there is no documented report on the antibacterial activity of stem bark of this plant in Ethiopia. C. macrostachyus stem bark was extracted using chloroform, methanol, and water extraction solvents and tested for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (E. coli), clinical isolates and standard, and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), clinical isolates and standard, using agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. The positive control was Chloramphenicol, while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was served as negative control. The present study showed the potent antibacterial activity of the C. macrostachyus stem bark extract against all tested bacterial pathogens. The methanol extract of C. macrostachyus stem bark showed the highest zone of inhibition (17+1mm) against S. aureus (standard) and the lowest zone of inhibition (12+1) against E. coli (clinical isolate). In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 500 & 500 mg/ml, 62.5 & 125 mg/ml and 250 & 500mg/ml were obtained for water, methanol, and chloroform extracts of C. macrostachyus stem bark against clinically isolated E. coli respectively. C. macrostachyus stem bark extracts have confirmed antibacterial effects, mainly on E. coli and S. aureus. Thus, C. macrostachyus stem bark could be effective for prevention of bacterial infections and may be considered as an option to antibiotic regimens. But further studies should be conducted with different extraction solvents and toxicity and phytochemical analysis must be performed on these plants to use as sources and templates for the synthesis of drugs.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49569886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Plantago Lanceolata Against Some Selected Standard Pathogenic Bacterial","authors":"Eshetie Kassaw, Tilahun Yohannes, Endalkachew Bizualem","doi":"10.18488/journal.57.2018.71.44.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57.2018.71.44.50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67987242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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