Pub Date : 2016-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2016.077940
Sambit Mallick
Inter-institutional collaborative networking in the area of plant molecular biology has become the hallmark of the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime. As research in plant molecular biology has potential for attaining patents, the practitioners seem to reorient their approach towards their own research vis-a-vis the protocols enshrined in the IPR. The plant molecular biologists located in various institutional settings in India seem to be engaged in collaborative networking with the industry. The present study, through in-depth personal interviews with 68 plant molecular biologists in India, attempts to capture the transition in scientific practices reflected in the attitudes, interests, values and ideologies of the scientific community in India.
{"title":"Inter-institutional collaborative networking in the intellectual property rights regime: research in plant molecular biology in India","authors":"Sambit Mallick","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2016.077940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077940","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-institutional collaborative networking in the area of plant molecular biology has become the hallmark of the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime. As research in plant molecular biology has potential for attaining patents, the practitioners seem to reorient their approach towards their own research vis-a-vis the protocols enshrined in the IPR. The plant molecular biologists located in various institutional settings in India seem to be engaged in collaborative networking with the industry. The present study, through in-depth personal interviews with 68 plant molecular biologists in India, attempts to capture the transition in scientific practices reflected in the attitudes, interests, values and ideologies of the scientific community in India.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2016.077942
Benjamin Schiek, G. Hareau, Y. Baguma, Akshat Medakker, D. Douches, F. Shotkoski, M. Ghislain
A few studies have reported some of the costs associated with bringing to market genetically-modified (GM) crops but no comprehensive studies exist on the real cost of the entire process of developing and releasing one GM variety by a not-for-profit institution in a developing country for sustainable agriculture. Despite the lack of documented studies, it is commonly assumed that such an undertaking is cost prohibitive, based on mere hearsay, and on two private sector cost assessments. The present study assesses the costs and the time expenditures to two not-for-profit programs, one lead by CIP and the other by Cornell University, of developing a late blight resistant (LBr) potato variety for release in one developing country. CIP's costs run to $1.6 million over eight years, while Cornell's costs amount to $1.4 million over nine years. Exogenous disturbances might result in insignificant increases in cost, but can increase time expenditure significantly. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the total cost is markedly influenced by technical parameters determining the production and identification of the pre-commercial LBr transgenic event.
{"title":"Demystification of GM crop costs: Releasing late blight resistant potato varieties as public goods in developing countries","authors":"Benjamin Schiek, G. Hareau, Y. Baguma, Akshat Medakker, D. Douches, F. Shotkoski, M. Ghislain","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2016.077942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077942","url":null,"abstract":"A few studies have reported some of the costs associated with bringing to market genetically-modified (GM) crops but no comprehensive studies exist on the real cost of the entire process of developing and releasing one GM variety by a not-for-profit institution in a developing country for sustainable agriculture. Despite the lack of documented studies, it is commonly assumed that such an undertaking is cost prohibitive, based on mere hearsay, and on two private sector cost assessments. The present study assesses the costs and the time expenditures to two not-for-profit programs, one lead by CIP and the other by Cornell University, of developing a late blight resistant (LBr) potato variety for release in one developing country. CIP's costs run to $1.6 million over eight years, while Cornell's costs amount to $1.4 million over nine years. Exogenous disturbances might result in insignificant increases in cost, but can increase time expenditure significantly. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the total cost is markedly influenced by technical parameters determining the production and identification of the pre-commercial LBr transgenic event.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2016.077955
Sebastián Sztulwark, Melisa Girard
Primary goods have long been considered undifferentiated products that are subject to a low income elasticity of demand. This state of affairs is beginning to change, but the scale and nature of the process is still being debated. This study contributes to this debate by presenting a historical analysis of the innovation path that genetically modified seeds have been following at the global level. Our analysis reveals that the difficulties preventing the de-commodification process from moving forward do not lie at the technological level, where a series of highly significant product innovations have taken place. Instead, they centre on the great uncertainty generated by this radical innovation that implies new linkages between science and the market, in the context of an increasingly complex consumption pattern.
{"title":"Genetically modified seeds and the de-commodification of primary goods","authors":"Sebastián Sztulwark, Melisa Girard","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2016.077955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077955","url":null,"abstract":"Primary goods have long been considered undifferentiated products that are subject to a low income elasticity of demand. This state of affairs is beginning to change, but the scale and nature of the process is still being debated. This study contributes to this debate by presenting a historical analysis of the innovation path that genetically modified seeds have been following at the global level. Our analysis reveals that the difficulties preventing the de-commodification process from moving forward do not lie at the technological level, where a series of highly significant product innovations have taken place. Instead, they centre on the great uncertainty generated by this radical innovation that implies new linkages between science and the market, in the context of an increasingly complex consumption pattern.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-26DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2016.077941
Sheetal Menon, Shishir K. Jha
Agricultural biotechnology has the potential to improve crop productivity, increase farm incomes, and alleviate food security concerns in India. Adoption of such technologies has resulted in the need for establishing biosafety regulatory systems to reduce and eliminate potential risks arising from agribiotechnology on plant, animal and human life, environment and biodiversity. As a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity and Cartagena Protocol, India has taken the role of strengthening her biosafety system very seriously. In this paper, we have undertaken a comparative study of the existing national biosafety framework (NBF) in place in India, with the UNEP-GEF Framework implemented across 126 countries. On comparison with the UNEP-GEF Framework, the Indian experience has been admirable, but not without its own challenges. The purpose of this exercise is to identify challenges within the system, in an endeavour to transform the Indian biosafety regulatory system into a predictable, transparent and sustainable system.
{"title":"National biosafety system for regulating agricultural biotechnology in India","authors":"Sheetal Menon, Shishir K. Jha","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2016.077941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077941","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural biotechnology has the potential to improve crop productivity, increase farm incomes, and alleviate food security concerns in India. Adoption of such technologies has resulted in the need for establishing biosafety regulatory systems to reduce and eliminate potential risks arising from agribiotechnology on plant, animal and human life, environment and biodiversity. As a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity and Cartagena Protocol, India has taken the role of strengthening her biosafety system very seriously. In this paper, we have undertaken a comparative study of the existing national biosafety framework (NBF) in place in India, with the UNEP-GEF Framework implemented across 126 countries. On comparison with the UNEP-GEF Framework, the Indian experience has been admirable, but not without its own challenges. The purpose of this exercise is to identify challenges within the system, in an endeavour to transform the Indian biosafety regulatory system into a predictable, transparent and sustainable system.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2016.077941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-20DOI: 10.1504/ijbt.2015.074801
B. Ravenzwaay, H. Kamp, G. Montoya-Parra, V. Strauss, E. Fabian, W. Mellert, G. Krennrich, T. Walk, E. Peter, R. Looser, M. Herold
Metabolome profiles of ca. 750 compounds obtained from blood samples from 28 day rat studies (OECD 407) were combined with toxicity profiles in one database over ten years to predict toxicity of new compounds. We provide detailed descriptions of procedures and recommendations for 'omics data-bases. Control of variability (biological, sampling/storage and technical measurement) is essential. At the start of large scale projects control variability should be extensively investigated. Reference (positive control) substances should be used to evaluate and obtain a good signal/noise ratio. Procedures should be documented in standard operating procedures and followed meticulously. Exact repeats of positive controls should be regularly performed, to assess variability of positive responses. Control data should be regularly checked for shifts and analysed to obtain information concerning normality. If possible, data should be analysed by multiple procedures and conclusions should be drawn based on a joint assessment, not unlike peer review processes in histopathology.
{"title":"The development of a database for metabolomics - looking back on ten years of experience","authors":"B. Ravenzwaay, H. Kamp, G. Montoya-Parra, V. Strauss, E. Fabian, W. Mellert, G. Krennrich, T. Walk, E. Peter, R. Looser, M. Herold","doi":"10.1504/ijbt.2015.074801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2015.074801","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolome profiles of ca. 750 compounds obtained from blood samples from 28 day rat studies (OECD 407) were combined with toxicity profiles in one database over ten years to predict toxicity of new compounds. We provide detailed descriptions of procedures and recommendations for 'omics data-bases. Control of variability (biological, sampling/storage and technical measurement) is essential. At the start of large scale projects control variability should be extensively investigated. Reference (positive control) substances should be used to evaluate and obtain a good signal/noise ratio. Procedures should be documented in standard operating procedures and followed meticulously. Exact repeats of positive controls should be regularly performed, to assess variability of positive responses. Control data should be regularly checked for shifts and analysed to obtain information concerning normality. If possible, data should be analysed by multiple procedures and conclusions should be drawn based on a joint assessment, not unlike peer review processes in histopathology.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijbt.2015.074801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-20DOI: 10.1504/ijbt.2015.074796
S. Hester, D. Eastmond, Virunya S Bhat
Global expression profiling of short-term exposures can inform chemical mode of action (MOA), temporality of key events, and tumorigenic potency. In this compilation of case studies, transcriptional benchmark dose (BMDT) estimates for activation of key genes and pathways after short-term exposures were consistent with and thus phenotypically anchored to potency estimates for the tumorigenic outcome or precursor key events such as hyperplasia. The case studies included liver gene expression at ≤ 30 days for conazole pesticides and prototype nuclear receptor (CAR and PPARα) non-genotoxic rodent hepatocarcinogens and urinary bladder gene expression at ≤ 20 weeks for diuron, a substituted urea pesticide associated with urinary bladder cytotoxicity and tumorigenesis in rats. By encompassing multiple rodent species, target tissues, MOA, chemical classes, and exposure durations, this approach illustrates how toxicogenomics as a research tool can help develop more efficient chemical testing and prioritisation strategies for future data-poor chemicals with high exposure potential.
{"title":"Developing toxicogenomics as a research tool by applying benchmark dose-response modelling to inform chemical mode of action and tumorigenic potency","authors":"S. Hester, D. Eastmond, Virunya S Bhat","doi":"10.1504/ijbt.2015.074796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2015.074796","url":null,"abstract":"Global expression profiling of short-term exposures can inform chemical mode of action (MOA), temporality of key events, and tumorigenic potency. In this compilation of case studies, transcriptional benchmark dose (BMDT) estimates for activation of key genes and pathways after short-term exposures were consistent with and thus phenotypically anchored to potency estimates for the tumorigenic outcome or precursor key events such as hyperplasia. The case studies included liver gene expression at ≤ 30 days for conazole pesticides and prototype nuclear receptor (CAR and PPARα) non-genotoxic rodent hepatocarcinogens and urinary bladder gene expression at ≤ 20 weeks for diuron, a substituted urea pesticide associated with urinary bladder cytotoxicity and tumorigenesis in rats. By encompassing multiple rodent species, target tissues, MOA, chemical classes, and exposure durations, this approach illustrates how toxicogenomics as a research tool can help develop more efficient chemical testing and prioritisation strategies for future data-poor chemicals with high exposure potential.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijbt.2015.074796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-20DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2015.074800
I. Moffat, C. Yauk, J. Bourdon-Lacombe, A. Atkinson
Genomics is proposed to improve predictive toxicology and regulatory decision making. The Government of Canada established the Genomics RD 2) national and international collaboration is essential to building capacity and leveraging resources; 3) collaborative case studies, exchange programs, international validation exercises and Health Canada's Genomics Working Group as key exercises to overcome existing challenges to the application of genomics. These opinions provide a basis for selecting projects funding areas to maximise genomics impacts on regulatory decision making.
{"title":"Expert opinion survey of genomics research and development initiatives at Health Canada","authors":"I. Moffat, C. Yauk, J. Bourdon-Lacombe, A. Atkinson","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2015.074800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2015.074800","url":null,"abstract":"Genomics is proposed to improve predictive toxicology and regulatory decision making. The Government of Canada established the Genomics RD 2) national and international collaboration is essential to building capacity and leveraging resources; 3) collaborative case studies, exchange programs, international validation exercises and Health Canada's Genomics Working Group as key exercises to overcome existing challenges to the application of genomics. These opinions provide a basis for selecting projects funding areas to maximise genomics impacts on regulatory decision making.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2015.074800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.57/2016.5.2/57.2.15.25
J. Saliu, A. Olabiyi, Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha, S. Oyeleye, Oluwaseun O. Olorunisola
Male sexual dysfunction (MSD) might be produced by multifactorial determinants which include psychological disorders, androgen deficiencies, chronic medical conditions, vascular insufficiency, penile disease, pelvic surgery, neurological disorders, drugs, life style, aging and systemic diseases. This study sought to assess the antioxidant properties of the water-extractable component of the leaves of Black plum (Vitex doniana) and bark of Kola nut (Cola nitida),evaluate their effect on pro-oxidant generated lipid peroxidation in rat’s testes; and examine the effect on arginase which is among the major enzymes associated with Erectile dysfunction. The results of the total phenol, total flavonoid of aqueous extracts of Cola nitida and Vitex doniana revealed that Cola nitida (10.64 mgGAE/g) had significantly (P<0.05) more total phenol content than Vitex doniana (4.68 mgGAE/g). The result also revealed that Vitex doniana (2.1 mgQE/g) had significantly (P<0.05) higher total flavonoid content than Cola nitida (1.3 mgQE/g). Also, Vitex doniana (20.24 mgAEE/g) had significantly (p<0.05) higher reducing property than Cola nitida (17.43 mgAEE/g). The results of the 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS*) radical mopping up capacity of the water extractable component of Vitex doniana and Cola nitida also showed that the extracts are able to scavenge ABTS* radicals, however, Vitex doniana (1.8 Mmol TEAC/100g) had significantly (P<0.05) higher ABTS* mopping up capability than Cola nitida (1.2 Mmol TEAC/100g). Furthermore, the DPPH* result revealed that Cola nitida and Vitex doniana extracts scavenged DPPH* radicals in a concentration-dependent pattern. However, Vitex doniana (IC50 = 1.28mg/ml) had a significantly (P<0.05) higher DPPH* mopping up capability than Cola nitida (IC50 = 0.83 mg/ml). Both extracts were able to inhibit FeSO4-generated lipid peroxidation at a dose-dependent manner; however, Vitex doniana (IC50 = 1.07 mg/ml) had a higher inhibitory action of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation than Cola nitida (IC50 = 1.01 mg/ml). Vitex doniana (IC50 = 0.38mg/ml) has the higher arginase inhibitory activity than Cola nitida (IC50 = 0.34mg/ml). High phenolic content and strong antioxidant properties could be part of the mechanisms through which the water extractable phytochemicals of Cola nitida (bark) and Vitex doniana (leaves) exhibits its preventive measure of erectile function. However, Vitex doniana displayed a stronger effect on Male reproductive function than Cola nitida.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidative Properties and Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Cola Nitida and Vitex Doniana on Fe2+ - Generated Oxidative Stress in Rat Testes in Vitro","authors":"J. Saliu, A. Olabiyi, Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha, S. Oyeleye, Oluwaseun O. Olorunisola","doi":"10.18488/journal.57/2016.5.2/57.2.15.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57/2016.5.2/57.2.15.25","url":null,"abstract":"Male sexual dysfunction (MSD) might be produced by multifactorial determinants which include psychological disorders, androgen deficiencies, chronic medical conditions, vascular insufficiency, penile disease, pelvic surgery, neurological disorders, drugs, life style, aging and systemic diseases. This study sought to assess the antioxidant properties of the water-extractable component of the leaves of Black plum (Vitex doniana) and bark of Kola nut (Cola nitida),evaluate their effect on pro-oxidant generated lipid peroxidation in rat’s testes; and examine the effect on arginase which is among the major enzymes associated with Erectile dysfunction. The results of the total phenol, total flavonoid of aqueous extracts of Cola nitida and Vitex doniana revealed that Cola nitida (10.64 mgGAE/g) had significantly (P<0.05) more total phenol content than Vitex doniana (4.68 mgGAE/g). The result also revealed that Vitex doniana (2.1 mgQE/g) had significantly (P<0.05) higher total flavonoid content than Cola nitida (1.3 mgQE/g). Also, Vitex doniana (20.24 mgAEE/g) had significantly (p<0.05) higher reducing property than Cola nitida (17.43 mgAEE/g). The results of the 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS*) radical mopping up capacity of the water extractable component of Vitex doniana and Cola nitida also showed that the extracts are able to scavenge ABTS* radicals, however, Vitex doniana (1.8 Mmol TEAC/100g) had significantly (P<0.05) higher ABTS* mopping up capability than Cola nitida (1.2 Mmol TEAC/100g). Furthermore, the DPPH* result revealed that Cola nitida and Vitex doniana extracts scavenged DPPH* radicals in a concentration-dependent pattern. However, Vitex doniana (IC50 = 1.28mg/ml) had a significantly (P<0.05) higher DPPH* mopping up capability than Cola nitida (IC50 = 0.83 mg/ml). Both extracts were able to inhibit FeSO4-generated lipid peroxidation at a dose-dependent manner; however, Vitex doniana (IC50 = 1.07 mg/ml) had a higher inhibitory action of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation than Cola nitida (IC50 = 1.01 mg/ml). Vitex doniana (IC50 = 0.38mg/ml) has the higher arginase inhibitory activity than Cola nitida (IC50 = 0.34mg/ml). High phenolic content and strong antioxidant properties could be part of the mechanisms through which the water extractable phytochemicals of Cola nitida (bark) and Vitex doniana (leaves) exhibits its preventive measure of erectile function. However, Vitex doniana displayed a stronger effect on Male reproductive function than Cola nitida.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.1/57.1.1.6
A. Afiqah, Siti Saizah, R. Eileen
Microalgae is important in many biotechnological exploitations in producing valuable products, services and processes. The technology of cryopreservation is useful in the long-term storage of many microalgal strains able to survive post cryopreservation. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was utilised to determine the effects of different concentrations of a cryoprotectant to preserve the fresh water microalgal strain employing three types of protocol. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% were added to the microalgal suspension in three types of protocol. Protocol 1 involved direct plunging into liquid nitrogen, Protocol 2 is slow cooling to -80°C and Protocol 3 is slow cooling to -20°C. The absorbance value at 540 nm was used as a measurement to determine the growth post cryopreservation. The absorbance value recorded with 30% DMSO in Protocol 2 was the highest at 0.387 + 0.015 and was significant at p<0.05 compared to Protocol 1 and 3. The best protocol for post cryopreservation growth of Chlorella vulgaris was Protocol 2 using slow cooling to -80 °C treated with 30% DMSO as the cryoprotective agent.
{"title":"A Cryopreservation Protocol for the Malaysian Fresh Water Microalgal Strain","authors":"A. Afiqah, Siti Saizah, R. Eileen","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.1/57.1.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.1/57.1.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae is important in many biotechnological exploitations in producing valuable products, services and processes. The technology of cryopreservation is useful in the long-term storage of many microalgal strains able to survive post cryopreservation. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was utilised to determine the effects of different concentrations of a cryoprotectant to preserve the fresh water microalgal strain employing three types of protocol. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% were added to the microalgal suspension in three types of protocol. Protocol 1 involved direct plunging into liquid nitrogen, Protocol 2 is slow cooling to -80°C and Protocol 3 is slow cooling to -20°C. The absorbance value at 540 nm was used as a measurement to determine the growth post cryopreservation. The absorbance value recorded with 30% DMSO in Protocol 2 was the highest at 0.387 + 0.015 and was significant at p<0.05 compared to Protocol 1 and 3. The best protocol for post cryopreservation growth of Chlorella vulgaris was Protocol 2 using slow cooling to -80 °C treated with 30% DMSO as the cryoprotective agent.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.2/57.2.26.34
C. Chang, Y. Hsieh, Yingyun Li, Chiung-Ta Wu, K. Cheng, C. Chang
Chlorophenols (CPs) is one of the organic pollutants and are most widespread in aqueous environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been extensively utilized for the decomposition of hazardous or recalcitrant pollutants in the environment. The study combined UV/TiO2 with ultrasonic procedure to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) wastewater. The effects of factors including pH value, initial concentration of 2,4-DCP and quantities of TiO2, Fe (II), and Fe (III) added on the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP wastewater were investigated. Experimental results revealed significant additive effect attributed to the combination of two procedures, 13-watt UV irradiation and 10-watt ultrasound, under the pH 10 and 1g L-1 TiO2. In additional, the destruction removal efficiency (DRE) of 2,4-DCP was raised about 10 % when 250 μM of Fe (II) and Fe (III) were added and this phenomenon was suggested that the Fenton-like reaction occurred.
{"title":"Ultrasonic Effect on the Photodegradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Wastewater","authors":"C. Chang, Y. Hsieh, Yingyun Li, Chiung-Ta Wu, K. Cheng, C. Chang","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.2/57.2.26.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.2/57.2.26.34","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorophenols (CPs) is one of the organic pollutants and are most widespread in aqueous environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been extensively utilized for the decomposition of hazardous or recalcitrant pollutants in the environment. The study combined UV/TiO2 with ultrasonic procedure to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) wastewater. The effects of factors including pH value, initial concentration of 2,4-DCP and quantities of TiO2, Fe (II), and Fe (III) added on the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP wastewater were investigated. Experimental results revealed significant additive effect attributed to the combination of two procedures, 13-watt UV irradiation and 10-watt ultrasound, under the pH 10 and 1g L-1 TiO2. In additional, the destruction removal efficiency (DRE) of 2,4-DCP was raised about 10 % when 250 μM of Fe (II) and Fe (III) were added and this phenomenon was suggested that the Fenton-like reaction occurred.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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