Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.4/57.4.62.68
S. Admas
Genetically modified organism (GMO) crops particularly Roundup Ready Crops have been widely used in commercial agriculture in the United States in general and Staten Island in particular. However, its use has promoted concerns about the potential environmental effects of this technology. Therefore, this work was initiated to review impact of GE crops and Neonicotinoid to biodiversity, special focus on bees, birds, and super weeds development at Satan Island. Glyphosate herbicide is now widely used for growing Roundup Ready crop, like maize and soy bean. Scientists reported that using glyphosate herbicide by far better than using the previously used herbicide to the environment and biodiversity. It is also known that super weed may develop through gene flow from Roundup Ready Crops to its wild relatives and develop resistance against roundup. However, this might not be a problem in Staten Island where there is no wild relative species for widely grown Roundup Ready Crops like corn and alfaalfa.With regards to Neonicotinoids, it has lower toxicity to mammals like birds, and fish than other non-target insect species specially bees and other pollinator. The effect of Neonicotinoids to non-target species can be minimized using Fluent Agent in seed coating the which reduces dust contamination. Therefore, the use of Genetically Engineered Crops and Neonicotinoid Treated Seed needs special care and management in order to minimize its damage to non-target insect species.
{"title":"Review of Biological Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops and Neonicotinoid Treated Seed Use on Staten Island","authors":"S. Admas","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.4/57.4.62.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.4/57.4.62.68","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically modified organism (GMO) crops particularly Roundup Ready Crops have been widely used in commercial agriculture in the United States in general and Staten Island in particular. However, its use has promoted concerns about the potential environmental effects of this technology. Therefore, this work was initiated to review impact of GE crops and Neonicotinoid to biodiversity, special focus on bees, birds, and super weeds development at Satan Island. Glyphosate herbicide is now widely used for growing Roundup Ready crop, like maize and soy bean. Scientists reported that using glyphosate herbicide by far better than using the previously used herbicide to the environment and biodiversity. It is also known that super weed may develop through gene flow from Roundup Ready Crops to its wild relatives and develop resistance against roundup. However, this might not be a problem in Staten Island where there is no wild relative species for widely grown Roundup Ready Crops like corn and alfaalfa.With regards to Neonicotinoids, it has lower toxicity to mammals like birds, and fish than other non-target insect species specially bees and other pollinator. The effect of Neonicotinoids to non-target species can be minimized using Fluent Agent in seed coating the which reduces dust contamination. Therefore, the use of Genetically Engineered Crops and Neonicotinoid Treated Seed needs special care and management in order to minimize its damage to non-target insect species.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.1/57.1.7.14
S. N. Muslim, Israa M. S. ALKadmy, A. M. Ali, N. Hussein, A. S. Dwaish, B. Elhaboby, S. N. Muslim, S. A. Abid
L-asparaginase is an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-asparagine and formation of L-aspartate and ammonia and widely used as anticancer drug in pharmaceutical and food industry. This amino acid (L-asparagine) has an important role for development of cancerous; in contrast the normal cells don’t need this amino acid. Eight Acinetobacter baumannii isolates of were isolated from different blood and sputum samples and it was found that high isolation rate of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from sputum was consisted with their association with lower respiratory tract infections. All these eight isolates were screened for higher L-asparaginase production and found that among all these isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii Sp3 gave higher asparaginase activity of 7.32 U/ml. L-asparaginase was purified to homogeneity by sequential chromatographic steps involved ammonium sulfate at 45% saturation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with a recovery yield of 68% and 22.65 fold of purification. L-asparaginase had antibiofilm activity against all tested biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii) after using Congo red agar and Microtitration plates methods for detecting biofilm formation ability. Highly antibiofilm of L-asparaginase recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduction of biofilm formation ratio to 32 and 41% ,respectively compared with (100)% of control. Thus we can conclude that L-asparaginase has promising benefit as antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria that have multidrug resistance.
{"title":"Extraction and Purification of L-Asparaginase Produced by Acinetobacter Baumannii and their Antibiofilm Activity Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"S. N. Muslim, Israa M. S. ALKadmy, A. M. Ali, N. Hussein, A. S. Dwaish, B. Elhaboby, S. N. Muslim, S. A. Abid","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.1/57.1.7.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.1/57.1.7.14","url":null,"abstract":"L-asparaginase is an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-asparagine and formation of L-aspartate and ammonia and widely used as anticancer drug in pharmaceutical and food industry. This amino acid (L-asparagine) has an important role for development of cancerous; in contrast the normal cells don’t need this amino acid. Eight Acinetobacter baumannii isolates of were isolated from different blood and sputum samples and it was found that high isolation rate of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from sputum was consisted with their association with lower respiratory tract infections. All these eight isolates were screened for higher L-asparaginase production and found that among all these isolates, Acinetobacter baumannii Sp3 gave higher asparaginase activity of 7.32 U/ml. L-asparaginase was purified to homogeneity by sequential chromatographic steps involved ammonium sulfate at 45% saturation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with a recovery yield of 68% and 22.65 fold of purification. L-asparaginase had antibiofilm activity against all tested biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii) after using Congo red agar and Microtitration plates methods for detecting biofilm formation ability. Highly antibiofilm of L-asparaginase recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduction of biofilm formation ratio to 32 and 41% ,respectively compared with (100)% of control. Thus we can conclude that L-asparaginase has promising benefit as antibiofilm agent against biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria that have multidrug resistance.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.3/57.4.14.19
S. Islam, S. A. Tareq
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) is non-caloric sweetening plant. It was cloned using shoot tip in vitro MS medium supplemented with 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Kinetin (Kn). Excised shoots were rooted in half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Indole-3 Butyric Acid (IBA). The rooted plantlets were transferred to soil and coconut husk filled bags and beds. Stem cutting method in sand medium with water misting propagation bed without plant growth regulator was effective for mass propagation. The plantlets derived from in vitro and stem-cutting grew luxuriantly in cultivating field during long day months (March to September) and produced gregarious flowering during short day months(October to February). Similar type of flowering behavior was observed between these two types of propagules of Stevia.
{"title":"In Vitro Cloning and Stem Cutting of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni.) for Mass Propagation in Chittagong, Bangladesh","authors":"S. Islam, S. A. Tareq","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.3/57.4.14.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.3/57.4.14.19","url":null,"abstract":"Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) is non-caloric sweetening plant. It was cloned using shoot tip in vitro MS medium supplemented with 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Kinetin (Kn). Excised shoots were rooted in half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Indole-3 Butyric Acid (IBA). The rooted plantlets were transferred to soil and coconut husk filled bags and beds. Stem cutting method in sand medium with water misting propagation bed without plant growth regulator was effective for mass propagation. The plantlets derived from in vitro and stem-cutting grew luxuriantly in cultivating field during long day months (March to September) and produced gregarious flowering during short day months(October to February). Similar type of flowering behavior was observed between these two types of propagules of Stevia.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67988332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.6/57.6.36.45
Fiyral Mohammad Ali, T. AL-Noor, Saif Mohsin Ali
Due to many problems associated with drug release and side effects, we could design a novel drug delivery system through modification of poly acrylic acid (AA) with Lactic acid as a spacer between the polymer and 4-aminoantipyrine. In vitro drug release had been conducted successfully in basic medium in pH 7.4 and acidic medium in pH 1.1 at 37?. The prepared prodrug polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H?NMR spectra. Physical properties and intrinsic viscosity of drug polymer were determined. The good results were obtained in the presence of spacer unit with comparing without spacer unit.
{"title":"Lactic Acid as Spacer between Poly Acrylic Acid and 4-Aminoantipyrine","authors":"Fiyral Mohammad Ali, T. AL-Noor, Saif Mohsin Ali","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.6/57.6.36.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.6/57.6.36.45","url":null,"abstract":"Due to many problems associated with drug release and side effects, we could design a novel drug delivery system through modification of poly acrylic acid (AA) with Lactic acid as a spacer between the polymer and 4-aminoantipyrine. In vitro drug release had been conducted successfully in basic medium in pH 7.4 and acidic medium in pH 1.1 at 37?. The prepared prodrug polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H?NMR spectra. Physical properties and intrinsic viscosity of drug polymer were determined. The good results were obtained in the presence of spacer unit with comparing without spacer unit.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.6/57.6.46.53
E. Venkatanagaraju, G. Divakar
The predominance of drug-resistant pathogens have extended the devotion of pharmaceutical and scientific communities towards potential antimicrobial agents from plant derived sources. The present research work has commenced to study the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa L. roots against slaughterhouse isolate Bacillus cereus GD55, by using the agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zones ranged between 17.68 ± 0.22 mm. The root extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus GD55. The standard antibiotic chloramphenicol found to have a zone of inhibition 20.72 ± 0.26 mm at the concentration of 30 µg/ml. In divergence, the inhibition zone of methanol (negative control) was almost zero for testing microorganism. The spectrum activity of methanolic extract of this plant could be a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat various bacterial diseases.
{"title":"In Vitro Antibacterial Study of Boerhavia Diffusa L. Root Extract on Slaughterhouse Isolate Bacillus Cereus Gd55","authors":"E. Venkatanagaraju, G. Divakar","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.6/57.6.46.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.6/57.6.46.53","url":null,"abstract":"The predominance of drug-resistant pathogens have extended the devotion of pharmaceutical and scientific communities towards potential antimicrobial agents from plant derived sources. The present research work has commenced to study the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa L. roots against slaughterhouse isolate Bacillus cereus GD55, by using the agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zones ranged between 17.68 ± 0.22 mm. The root extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus GD55. The standard antibiotic chloramphenicol found to have a zone of inhibition 20.72 ± 0.26 mm at the concentration of 30 µg/ml. In divergence, the inhibition zone of methanol (negative control) was almost zero for testing microorganism. The spectrum activity of methanolic extract of this plant could be a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat various bacterial diseases.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2015.074797
B Alex Merrick, Richard S Paules, Raymond R Tice
Humans are exposed to thousands of chemicals with inadequate toxicological data. Advances in computational toxicology, robotic high throughput screening (HTS), and genome-wide expression have been integrated into the Tox21 program to better predict the toxicological effects of chemicals. Tox21 is a collaboration among US government agencies initiated in 2008 that aims to shift chemical hazard assessment from traditional animal toxicology to target-specific, mechanism-based, biological observations using in vitro assays and lower organism models. HTS uses biocomputational methods for probing thousands of chemicals in in vitro assays for gene-pathway response patterns predictive of adverse human health outcomes. In 1999, NIEHS began exploring the application of toxicogenomics to toxicology and recent advances in NextGen sequencing should greatly enhance the biological content obtained from HTS platforms. We foresee an intersection of new technologies in toxicogenomics and HTS as an innovative development in Tox21. Tox21 goals, priorities, progress, and challenges will be reviewed.
{"title":"Intersection of toxicogenomics and high throughput screening in the Tox21 program: an NIEHS perspective.","authors":"B Alex Merrick, Richard S Paules, Raymond R Tice","doi":"10.1504/IJBT.2015.074797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2015.074797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans are exposed to thousands of chemicals with inadequate toxicological data. Advances in computational toxicology, robotic high throughput screening (HTS), and genome-wide expression have been integrated into the Tox21 program to better predict the toxicological effects of chemicals. Tox21 is a collaboration among US government agencies initiated in 2008 that aims to shift chemical hazard assessment from traditional animal toxicology to target-specific, mechanism-based, biological observations using <i>in vitro</i> assays and lower organism models. HTS uses biocomputational methods for probing thousands of chemicals in <i>in vitro</i> assays for gene-pathway response patterns predictive of adverse human health outcomes. In 1999, NIEHS began exploring the application of toxicogenomics to toxicology and recent advances in NextGen sequencing should greatly enhance the biological content obtained from HTS platforms. We foresee an intersection of new technologies in toxicogenomics and HTS as an innovative development in Tox21. Tox21 goals, priorities, progress, and challenges will be reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJBT.2015.074797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34497684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.3/57.3.35.44
Ababou Adda, C. Mohammed, Saidi Djamel, B. Abdelkader, Mederbal Khalladi
The Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI) algorithm was used in this study with four Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images to assess the evapotranspiration (ET) in Bissa forest, one of the healthiest Algerian forests located south of the Mediterranean Sea. Results showed that ET varies over the different seasons, the highest ET values were reached during the spring due to water availability, whereas, the lowest values were recorded during the summer. The relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and ET showed that the highest ET values coincide always with the highest NDVI except for January where even the lowest NDVI values correspond to higher ET. The intensity of ET was closely related to aspects, southeastern exposures showed the highest ET, whereas, northwestern exposures showed the lowest ET.
{"title":"Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration in a Southern Mediterranean Forest. Application to Bissa Forest, Algeria","authors":"Ababou Adda, C. Mohammed, Saidi Djamel, B. Abdelkader, Mederbal Khalladi","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.3/57.3.35.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2016.5.3/57.3.35.44","url":null,"abstract":"The Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI) algorithm was used in this study with four Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images to assess the evapotranspiration (ET) in Bissa forest, one of the healthiest Algerian forests located south of the Mediterranean Sea. Results showed that ET varies over the different seasons, the highest ET values were reached during the spring due to water availability, whereas, the lowest values were recorded during the summer. The relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and ET showed that the highest ET values coincide always with the highest NDVI except for January where even the lowest NDVI values correspond to higher ET. The intensity of ET was closely related to aspects, southeastern exposures showed the highest ET, whereas, northwestern exposures showed the lowest ET.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.57/2015.4.5/57.5.30.35
Magami I M, Ibrahim A D, Mani A U, Abubakar A W, Zakari S M
Kware Lake is a popular natural lake in Sokoto which is used for domestic purposes, irrigation practices, and fisheries. Anthropogenic activities are routine at the catchment area. In this study, water and phytoplankton samples were collected for five months. Standard procedures were adopted for determination of physicochemical parameters viz; temperature, depth, turbidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), etc. These parameters were observed to have varied within the period of study. Five species of phytoplankton were identified, and Volvox globator was recorded the highest percentage distribution during the study. The irregular fluctuations and variations observed between the parameters studied do not exceed the limit approved by WHO and EPA.
{"title":"Physicochemical Parameters and Phytoplankton Diversity of Kware Lake, Nigeria","authors":"Magami I M, Ibrahim A D, Mani A U, Abubakar A W, Zakari S M","doi":"10.18488/journal.57/2015.4.5/57.5.30.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57/2015.4.5/57.5.30.35","url":null,"abstract":"Kware Lake is a popular natural lake in Sokoto which is used for domestic purposes, irrigation practices, and fisheries. Anthropogenic activities are routine at the catchment area. In this study, water and phytoplankton samples were collected for five months. Standard procedures were adopted for determination of physicochemical parameters viz; temperature, depth, turbidity, nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), etc. These parameters were observed to have varied within the period of study. Five species of phytoplankton were identified, and Volvox globator was recorded the highest percentage distribution during the study. The irregular fluctuations and variations observed between the parameters studied do not exceed the limit approved by WHO and EPA.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67989802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.4/57.4.20.29
A. Pande, Sobha Singh, Jyoti Samad, K. Saurabh, Z. Haider
Amylases are of great significance especially in the food, brewing and detergent industry. An attempt has been made to study the characteristics of amylases produced during germination of finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn. L.). Of the 25 genotypes studied RAU8 showed the maximum activity at pH 5 and temperature 60oC. This is the first report of optimum amylase activity at 60°C in finger millet. The best activity was observed in seeds geminated for 96 hours. The enzyme extract showed maximal activity till 90 minutes and 82.24% activity was retained even after 120 minutes. The thermostable character of the enzyme and retention of activity of the unprotected enzyme for 2 hours makes it suitable for industrial purposes. Further characterization of the different forms of the amylases may help in isolation of the most robust form which could then be cloned and expressed in microbes to enable large scale production for industrial purposes.
{"title":"Studies on Potential of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana Gaertn. L.) Amylases for Industrial Applications","authors":"A. Pande, Sobha Singh, Jyoti Samad, K. Saurabh, Z. Haider","doi":"10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.4/57.4.20.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/JOURNAL.57/2015.4.4/57.4.20.29","url":null,"abstract":"Amylases are of great significance especially in the food, brewing and detergent industry. An attempt has been made to study the characteristics of amylases produced during germination of finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn. L.). Of the 25 genotypes studied RAU8 showed the maximum activity at pH 5 and temperature 60oC. This is the first report of optimum amylase activity at 60°C in finger millet. The best activity was observed in seeds geminated for 96 hours. The enzyme extract showed maximal activity till 90 minutes and 82.24% activity was retained even after 120 minutes. The thermostable character of the enzyme and retention of activity of the unprotected enzyme for 2 hours makes it suitable for industrial purposes. Further characterization of the different forms of the amylases may help in isolation of the most robust form which could then be cloned and expressed in microbes to enable large scale production for industrial purposes.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67988457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.18488/journal.57/2015.4.2/57.2.9.13
Maryam Peymania, Kamran Ghaedib, M. Nasr-Esfahanib
Peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor of central importance in metabolic processes. Recent experimental pieces of evidence demonstrate that PPARγ is implicated in cardiac function and development. Here we reviewed the role of PPARγ and ligands that emerged as a potential new therapeutic target for several cardiac diseases.
{"title":"Review of the Role of PPAR Gamma and Agonists in the Development of Heart","authors":"Maryam Peymania, Kamran Ghaedib, M. Nasr-Esfahanib","doi":"10.18488/journal.57/2015.4.2/57.2.9.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.57/2015.4.2/57.2.9.13","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor of central importance in metabolic processes. Recent experimental pieces of evidence demonstrate that PPARγ is implicated in cardiac function and development. Here we reviewed the role of PPARγ and ligands that emerged as a potential new therapeutic target for several cardiac diseases.","PeriodicalId":91506,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67988675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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