{"title":"Children's Experiences of Welfare in Modern Britain ed. by Siân Pooley and Jonathan Taylor (review)","authors":"Lorraine McEvoy","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"439 1","pages":"446 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76678046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the United States. Violence—tear gas, beatings, arrests—and the kidnapping of a law student in 1944 initiated a new phase of “democratic effervescence” (42) that ended with brutal repression in 1948, with the torture of dissidents and the murders of two high-profile student activists. Successive cycles of coalition building, protest, violence, quiescence, and rebuilding through to the book’s temporal close in 1979 reinforced themselves across decades, lending symbolic power to opposition forces through the memory and practice of protest. Across these decades, Rueda is particularly effective in bringing forward the underrepresented contributions of women and families to anti-authoritarian resistance. Key photographs clearly center young women’s leading roles in marches, as well as direct confrontations of soldiers on the streets as early as the 1950s. One particularly evocative example included a student, Vilma Núñez, who persuaded the entire market of León—staffed by women vendors dependent on small profit margins for their family’s subsistence—to shut down for the day and attend a funeral march for students killed in the July 23, 1959, massacre. Elsewhere, Rueda demonstrates the ways in which parents took significant risks to support their children’s revolutionary work, providing space, refuge, resources, and support. Each of these rich social and cultural angles helps to enrich scholars’ views of the networks and coalitions that fomented and bolstered revolution in Nicaragua. Critically for historians of youth and higher education, time and again it was students leading the charge.
{"title":"Transforming Girls: The Work of Nineteenth-Century Adolescence by Julie Pfeiffer (review)","authors":"Morgan Foster","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0050","url":null,"abstract":"the United States. Violence—tear gas, beatings, arrests—and the kidnapping of a law student in 1944 initiated a new phase of “democratic effervescence” (42) that ended with brutal repression in 1948, with the torture of dissidents and the murders of two high-profile student activists. Successive cycles of coalition building, protest, violence, quiescence, and rebuilding through to the book’s temporal close in 1979 reinforced themselves across decades, lending symbolic power to opposition forces through the memory and practice of protest. Across these decades, Rueda is particularly effective in bringing forward the underrepresented contributions of women and families to anti-authoritarian resistance. Key photographs clearly center young women’s leading roles in marches, as well as direct confrontations of soldiers on the streets as early as the 1950s. One particularly evocative example included a student, Vilma Núñez, who persuaded the entire market of León—staffed by women vendors dependent on small profit margins for their family’s subsistence—to shut down for the day and attend a funeral march for students killed in the July 23, 1959, massacre. Elsewhere, Rueda demonstrates the ways in which parents took significant risks to support their children’s revolutionary work, providing space, refuge, resources, and support. Each of these rich social and cultural angles helps to enrich scholars’ views of the networks and coalitions that fomented and bolstered revolution in Nicaragua. Critically for historians of youth and higher education, time and again it was students leading the charge.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"36 1","pages":"456 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74578608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Framed By War: Korean Children and Women at the Crossroads of US Empire by Susie Woo (review)","authors":"Edgar Liao","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"48 1","pages":"450 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77270271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disciplined Subjects: Schooling in Colonial India by Sutapa Dutta (review)","authors":"Subhadipa Dutta","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"1 1","pages":"462 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90851300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Despite their abilities to talk, manipulate, and desire, children are socially immature (Quentel, 1997). Therefore, children’s education consisted of bringing them into history through a constant interdependence with adults and interaction with their material environment. Fashion, as a style, shaped social identities and created a sense of historical belonging. Being dressed in the style of a certain location, time, and environment diminished particularities between individuals to dress them according to their social role and rank (Balut, 2014). However, through the nineteenth century, sailor suits, hussar overalls and bohemian dresses were the norms of a playful, nostalgic and always specific children’s fashion. As illustrated through these examples, a fascination for Eastern European silhouettes and embellishments inspired unexpected styles for wealthy Western children. Far from playing dress-up, children in these outfits seemed to travel across Europe thanks to their clothing styles and experimented with alternative dress codes to possibly acquire alterity. How did adults play with children’s fashion to educate children in the concepts of space, time, and place as a way to define their social belonging? How did children use this interaction with their clothing not only to build their identity but also to feed their appetite for story-telling and therefore divert the educator’s and maker’s initial intention? Based on the study of nineteenth century European museum collections (garments, department store catalogues, and fashion and children’s magazines), this article analyzes the rationale behind the Eastern European trend in children’s nineteenth century fashion and the way this exotic fashion journey evidenced the specificities of an aspect of children’s material culture dedicated to the education and socialization of the child.
{"title":"When West Meets East: Towards an Educative Journey in Nineteenth-Century Western Children’s Fashion","authors":"Aude Le Guennec","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Despite their abilities to talk, manipulate, and desire, children are socially immature (Quentel, 1997). Therefore, children’s education consisted of bringing them into history through a constant interdependence with adults and interaction with their material environment. Fashion, as a style, shaped social identities and created a sense of historical belonging. Being dressed in the style of a certain location, time, and environment diminished particularities between individuals to dress them according to their social role and rank (Balut, 2014). However, through the nineteenth century, sailor suits, hussar overalls and bohemian dresses were the norms of a playful, nostalgic and always specific children’s fashion. As illustrated through these examples, a fascination for Eastern European silhouettes and embellishments inspired unexpected styles for wealthy Western children. Far from playing dress-up, children in these outfits seemed to travel across Europe thanks to their clothing styles and experimented with alternative dress codes to possibly acquire alterity. How did adults play with children’s fashion to educate children in the concepts of space, time, and place as a way to define their social belonging? How did children use this interaction with their clothing not only to build their identity but also to feed their appetite for story-telling and therefore divert the educator’s and maker’s initial intention? Based on the study of nineteenth century European museum collections (garments, department store catalogues, and fashion and children’s magazines), this article analyzes the rationale behind the Eastern European trend in children’s nineteenth century fashion and the way this exotic fashion journey evidenced the specificities of an aspect of children’s material culture dedicated to the education and socialization of the child.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"2 1","pages":"244 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86029054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orphans of Empire: The Fate of London’s Foundlings by Helen Berry (review)","authors":"Lydia D. Murdoch","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"140 1","pages":"337 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83772884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In nineteenth-century Romanian newspapers and magazines, the idea of children’s play was strictly combined with that of education. By encouraging and helping children to produce their own toys or to create their own plays, parents provided education and proper development to their children. Pediatricians quoted in newspapers praised villages and boroughs where children were free to run all day long, to play in the fresh air far removed from any kind of isolation, compared to their counterparts who belonged to “the bourgeois world” of the city. Similarly, children of the elite were prohibited from active and unstructured play. Wealthy children were believed to live in isolation because their parents considered them to be superior. Newspaper and magazine articles discouraged parents from buying manufactured toys, suggesting instead that children build their own toys. Educational books were the only items recommended for consumption. It was thought that fantasy and creativity stimulated children’s imaginations more than store-bought or manufactured dolls and toys.Drawing from Romanian-language newspapers and magazines, this article examines the idea of children’s leisure-related consumption at the turn of the century in a peripheral province of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy. At the dawn of twentieth century, most of the authors complained about the invasion of modernity, which spoiled and altered “the old good manner and habits” related to the world of children. Authors believed that buying toys fed children’s vanity and diminished their natural desires to discover the world. Both the “official” and leisure magazines campaigned against the new fashion of buying toys and advocated for creativity and parents’ involvement. Potential child and adult consumers were discouraged from aligning themselves with the new fashion spread by the invasion of modernity.
{"title":"Don’t Buy Toys, Invent Them! Children, Toys, and Consumption in Transylvania in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries","authors":"Luminița Dumănescu, A. Jianu","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In nineteenth-century Romanian newspapers and magazines, the idea of children’s play was strictly combined with that of education. By encouraging and helping children to produce their own toys or to create their own plays, parents provided education and proper development to their children. Pediatricians quoted in newspapers praised villages and boroughs where children were free to run all day long, to play in the fresh air far removed from any kind of isolation, compared to their counterparts who belonged to “the bourgeois world” of the city. Similarly, children of the elite were prohibited from active and unstructured play. Wealthy children were believed to live in isolation because their parents considered them to be superior. Newspaper and magazine articles discouraged parents from buying manufactured toys, suggesting instead that children build their own toys. Educational books were the only items recommended for consumption. It was thought that fantasy and creativity stimulated children’s imaginations more than store-bought or manufactured dolls and toys.Drawing from Romanian-language newspapers and magazines, this article examines the idea of children’s leisure-related consumption at the turn of the century in a peripheral province of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy. At the dawn of twentieth century, most of the authors complained about the invasion of modernity, which spoiled and altered “the old good manner and habits” related to the world of children. Authors believed that buying toys fed children’s vanity and diminished their natural desires to discover the world. Both the “official” and leisure magazines campaigned against the new fashion of buying toys and advocated for creativity and parents’ involvement. Potential child and adult consumers were discouraged from aligning themselves with the new fashion spread by the invasion of modernity.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"52 1","pages":"288 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89270653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In this article I will deal with the figures of “mother” and “child” in the imperative mode of Bulgarian discourse on education from the late nineteenth century, which focuses on care and preventing children from being spoiled. My primary sources are the first Bulgarian children’s journal Pchelitza (Little Bee) and the first Bulgarian women’s journals Ruzhitza (A Hollyhock), published in Constantinople in 1871, as well as several other journals from the period that predominantly tackle the questions of women and children’s education and social roles, such as Uchilishte (School, 1870–1876), Zornitza (Dawn, 1875–1878), and Zhenski svjat (Women’s World, 1893–1898). My hypothesis is that despite the visible change in the source of the instructive voice from a religious and communal authority to a medical one, the patriarchally driven anti-consumerist attitude towards upbringing remained the same. While the medicalization of instructive discourse usually discussed children’s upbringing by juxtaposing traditional conservative rituals to modern science-based ones, in both cases the main enemy is “fashion” and the main figure to blame is the mother. For Bulgarian women, such a perspective challenged their consumption patterns and decisions regarding the education and training of their children. Modern child-rearing literature implied that women had to be taught how to be good mothers. The journals from the period contained foreign translations and original texts, which warned readers of the lures of consumption and its vicious outcomes and called for mothers to maintain modesty and simplicity in regard to food, clothing, or toy playing.
{"title":"Civilization, Childhood, and Consumption in the First Bulgarian Journals For Children (1870s–1890s)","authors":"N. Alexandrova","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article I will deal with the figures of “mother” and “child” in the imperative mode of Bulgarian discourse on education from the late nineteenth century, which focuses on care and preventing children from being spoiled. My primary sources are the first Bulgarian children’s journal Pchelitza (Little Bee) and the first Bulgarian women’s journals Ruzhitza (A Hollyhock), published in Constantinople in 1871, as well as several other journals from the period that predominantly tackle the questions of women and children’s education and social roles, such as Uchilishte (School, 1870–1876), Zornitza (Dawn, 1875–1878), and Zhenski svjat (Women’s World, 1893–1898). My hypothesis is that despite the visible change in the source of the instructive voice from a religious and communal authority to a medical one, the patriarchally driven anti-consumerist attitude towards upbringing remained the same. While the medicalization of instructive discourse usually discussed children’s upbringing by juxtaposing traditional conservative rituals to modern science-based ones, in both cases the main enemy is “fashion” and the main figure to blame is the mother. For Bulgarian women, such a perspective challenged their consumption patterns and decisions regarding the education and training of their children. Modern child-rearing literature implied that women had to be taught how to be good mothers. The journals from the period contained foreign translations and original texts, which warned readers of the lures of consumption and its vicious outcomes and called for mothers to maintain modesty and simplicity in regard to food, clothing, or toy playing.","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"1 1","pages":"299 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89294597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Did You See Us?: Reunion, Remembrance, And Reclamation At An Urban Indian Residential School by Survivors of the Assiniboia Indian Residential School (review)","authors":"M. Walls","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"4 1","pages":"346 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91159602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Vietnam War In American Childhood by Joel P. Rhodes (review)","authors":"B. Peterson","doi":"10.1353/hcy.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91623,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the history of childhood and youth","volume":"48 1","pages":"339 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76492946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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