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New uses for computer in medical education, clinical practice, and patient safety in the US and Japan 在美国和日本,计算机在医学教育、临床实践和患者安全方面的新用途
Daisuke Koide, E. Peskin
There has been a rapid expansion of computer use in medicine recently in the US and Japan. The reasons are availability of high speed and wireless connections, decreasing cost, demands for increased quality of care and documentation, and improving medical education. On the other hand, there are disadvantages which are extra time and effort needed, vulnerability to viruses, breaches of patient confidentiality, and high cost at start-up. One way to decide if the advantages of computers in medicine overcome the disadvantages to show physicians computer programs that may be useful to them. There are many such programs in Japanese as well as in English which are discussed in this paper. A major difference between the US and Japan is the high use of personalized digital assistants (PDAs) by US physicians as compared to Japanese physicians. PDAs can decrease medical errors due to rapid information access while improving efficiency. Although the market for the PDAs is currently decreasing in Japan, the coming merger of the cell phone and the PDA into the “smart phone” is likely to stimulate Japanese physicians’ interest in PDAs for medical use, especially considering the widespread popularity of cellular phones in Japan.
最近在美国和日本,计算机在医学领域的应用迅速扩大。原因是高速和无线连接的可用性、成本的降低、对提高护理和文件质量的需求以及医学教育的改善。另一方面,缺点是需要额外的时间和精力,易受病毒感染,违反患者机密,启动成本高。确定计算机在医学上的优势是否克服了缺点的一种方法是向医生展示可能对他们有用的计算机程序。在日语和英语中都有许多这样的节目,本文对这些节目进行了讨论。美国和日本的一个主要区别是,与日本医生相比,美国医生对个性化数字助理(pda)的使用程度很高。由于信息访问速度快,pda可以减少医疗差错,同时提高效率。虽然掌上电脑市场目前在日本正在减少,但即将到来的手机和掌上电脑合并为“智能手机”可能会激发日本医生对掌上电脑用于医疗用途的兴趣,特别是考虑到手机在日本的广泛普及。
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引用次数: 6
Second order permutative conversions with Prawitz's strong validity 具有Prawitz强有效性的二阶置换转换
M. Tatsuta
A clear and complete proof of strong normalization of second order natural deduction with permutative conversions is given by using Prawitz’s strong validity. This paper completes Prawitz’s original proof.
利用Prawitz的强有效性,给出了具有置换转换的二阶自然演绎的强归一化的清晰完整的证明。本文完成了Prawitz的原始证明。
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引用次数: 10
Internet challenges for informatics research 互联网对信息学研究的挑战
G. Huet
1 Informatics is a young discipline indeed. After computers appeared 50 years ago, the field was broadly divided between designing hardware (electronics) and programming software (combinatorics, mathematical logic). There was a dichotomy between scientific computing (engineering and science) and data processing (administration, services)-to the extent that two families of computers were developed for the two application fields. Progressively the two lines merged, programming became the dominant paradigm (to the extent that nowadays hardware is macro-generated by software), and data processing was for a while relegated to the sub-field of databases. Mathematical logic evolved to adapt itself as the foundation of constructive mathematics needed for expressing algorithms , data structures and networking protocols. The computing centers vanished, while personal computers invaded people's homes and offices. Computers shrunk to get embedded in cars, cameras, telephones, televisions , games, home appliances. Most importantly, networks merged into Internet, a major new actor in our civilization, which opens unforeseen opportunities for societal mutations. In this unprecedented technical revolution, the terminology " computer science " is becoming increasingly obsolete. Algorithms, logical specifications, process calculi and numerous relevant mathematical areas are being interlinked in an emerging major science, Informatics, with vigorous fundamental research. But in this major revolution brought about in engineering, medicine, commerce, transportation and most sectors of human activity, programs proper are somehow becoming secondary to the data they manipulate. Text, voice, images, physical measurements in a range of scales from astronomy to cell and atomic structures, are sensed, stored, computed upon daily in a worldwide computing maze. Already 20 years ago, Steve Jobs launched the NeXT cube, delivered to every customer with Shakespeare's complete works on disk. Today any PC owner has a complete GPS cartography of the planet at his disposal for navigation on the Web through Google™ Earth. The works of art of passed centuries, the artifacts of ancient civilizations, the testimonies of passed and present cultures, are being digitalized, analyzed, digested in virtual museums open to everyone's perusal. Bamiyan's buddhas are resurrected from the dust of destruction, forever smiling in their pristine detachment from history's turmoil. World's cultural heritage is here and now at our fingertips. Archives, libraries and museums are opening up in everyone's home, ready to deliver their secrets and treasures. Knowledge is plied out of academic institutions, education is liberated from intermediation, significant information is exchanged out of the control of official channels. The maze of traditional knowledge …
信息学确实是一门年轻的学科。50年前计算机出现后,该领域大致分为硬件设计(电子学)和软件编程(组合学、数理逻辑)。科学计算(工程和科学)和数据处理(管理和服务)之间存在二分法,以至于为两个应用领域开发了两个计算机系列。这两条线逐渐合并,编程成为主导范式(在某种程度上,现在的硬件是由软件宏生成的),数据处理在一段时间内被降级到数据库的子领域。数学逻辑的发展使其成为表达算法、数据结构和网络协议所需的构造数学的基础。计算机中心消失了,个人电脑侵入了人们的家庭和办公室。计算机缩小到嵌入到汽车、照相机、电话、电视、游戏和家用电器中。最重要的是,网络融合成互联网,这是我们文明中一个重要的新角色,为社会突变提供了不可预见的机会。在这场前所未有的技术革命中,“计算机科学”这个术语正变得越来越过时。算法、逻辑规范、过程演算和许多相关的数学领域在一门新兴的主要科学信息学中相互联系,基础研究蓬勃发展。但是,在这场涉及工程、医药、商业、交通和人类活动的大多数领域的重大革命中,程序本身在某种程度上变得次于它们所操纵的数据。文本、声音、图像、从天文学到细胞和原子结构的各种尺度的物理测量,每天都在世界范围的计算迷宫中被感知、存储和计算。早在20年前,史蒂夫·乔布斯就推出了NeXT立方体电脑,将莎士比亚全集的磁盘送到每位客户手中。今天,任何个人电脑用户都有一个完整的全球定位系统地图,可以通过Google™Earth在网络上导航。过去几个世纪的艺术作品,古代文明的文物,过去和现在文化的见证,正在数字化,分析,消化在虚拟博物馆开放给每个人阅读。巴米扬的佛像从毁灭的尘埃中复活,永远微笑着脱离历史的动荡。世界文化遗产就在这里,就在我们的指尖。档案馆、图书馆和博物馆在每个人的家中开放,准备传递他们的秘密和宝藏。知识从学术机构中被灌输出来,教育从中介中解放出来,重要信息的交换脱离了官方渠道的控制。传统知识的迷宫……
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引用次数: 1
Ontology optimisation−Problematics & methodology, with a first step of formalism 本体优化-问题和方法论,与形式主义的第一步
Truong My Dung, Nguyen Dinh Ngoc
After a short tentative of phenomenology to sketch out the background context of Ontologybased Semantic Web, the authors overview the problematics related to the ontology optimisation, then make some suggestions for a somewhat new methodology’ s approach, taking into account the impact of evolving Automation technology on Semantic Web design and deployment. Then the paper proposes a tentative of ontology optimisation formalism, and open source ontology software optimisation. After pointing the Road ahead for Vietnam, the paper concludes by a call for cooperation/collaboration on related education and training in Vietnam, and continuing R&D on Ontology optimisation.
在简要介绍了基于本体的语义网的背景后,作者概述了本体优化的相关问题,并考虑到自动化技术的发展对语义网设计和部署的影响,提出了一些新的方法论建议。在此基础上提出了本体优化的形式化构想和开源本体软件优化。在指出越南的前进道路后,论文最后呼吁越南在相关教育和培训方面进行合作/协作,并继续在本体优化方面进行研发。
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引用次数: 0
Access, claims and quality on the internet-Future challenges 互联网的访问、索赔和质量——未来的挑战
K. Veltman
The vision of access to human knowledge has existed explicitly at least since the time of Aristotle In 1934, Otlet outlined a vision of comprehensive access to knowledge. Progress towards this vision entailed initial visions of hypertext, markup languages, the semantic web, Wikipedia and more recently a series of developments with respect to Open Source. A brief survey of these developments is provided. The rhetoric of the Internet insists that everything should be accessible by everyone at anytime. This poses obvious technical challenges and serious philosophical problems of method. If everything is accessible then how do we separate the chaff from the grain and how do we identify quality? Following a survey of important developments, this essay suggests fi ve dimensions that need to be included in a future web: 1) variants and multiple claims; 2) levels of certainty in making a claim; 3) levels of authority in defending a claim; 4) levels of signifi cance in assessing a claim; 5) levels of thoroughness in dealing with a claim.
获取人类知识的愿景至少从亚里士多德时代开始就明确存在。1934年,Otlet概述了全面获取知识的愿景。实现这一愿景的过程包括最初的超文本、标记语言、语义网、维基百科,以及最近一系列关于开源的发展。现对这些发展作一简要概述。互联网的花言巧语坚持认为,所有的东西都应该在任何时候被每个人访问。这带来了明显的技术挑战和严重的方法哲学问题。如果所有的东西都是可获得的,那么我们如何将谷壳与谷粒分开,我们如何识别质量?在对重要发展进行调查之后,本文提出了未来网络需要包含的五个维度:1)变体和多重索赔;2)提出权利要求的确定性程度;(3)辩护的权力等级;4)评估权利要求的重要程度;5)处理索赔的彻底程度。
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引用次数: 7
Information power and international security 信息力量与国际安全
M. Kohara
“Information power” has grown and will continue to grow, increasingly important as an element of national power in this age of globalization and the information revolution. This paper aims to describe this increasing role of information power. The information revolution has accelerated the pace of globalization and affects the distribution of power among international actors. Meanwhile, the power of non-state actors has been growing within the international community. This change has had a substantial impact on the power and security of nation-states. In particular, international terrorist groups are posing a serious threat to national security and international peace as the influence of such groups is enhanced by their use of information power. The international community must adopt a new strategy to combat terrorism by promoting international cooperation and its own effective use of information power. Although so-called “hard power” remains a major determinant in the dynamics of international relations, “soft power” of information in today’s information age is even more influential and effective. Information power is composed of both information technology and information content. The former is essential to increase military and economic power in the information age. The latter is used to form public opinion and determines public trust, perceived legitimacy, and overall appeal. Every nation must nurture its sources of information power to ensure national security in today’s globalized world. Although an in-depth study is required on the relationship between the targets of information power (such as the establishment of legitimacy) and the components of it such power (i.e. a dominant culture or value such as democracy), this paper offers an initial analysis of this relationship.
“信息力量”已经并将继续增长,在这个全球化和信息革命的时代,它作为国家力量的一个组成部分越来越重要。本文旨在描述信息力量日益增长的作用。信息革命加速了全球化的步伐,并影响了国际行动者之间的权力分配。与此同时,非国家行为体在国际社会中的力量不断增长。这种变化对民族国家的权力和安全产生了重大影响。特别是,国际恐怖主义集团正对国家安全和国际和平构成严重威胁,因为这些集团利用信息力量扩大了其影响。国际社会必须采取新的战略,通过促进国际合作和有效利用信息力量来打击恐怖主义。虽然所谓的"硬实力"仍然是国际关系动态的主要决定因素,但在当今信息时代,信息的"软实力"甚至更有影响力和效力。信息力量由信息技术和信息内容两个方面组成。前者对于增强信息时代的军事和经济实力至关重要。后者被用来形成公众舆论,并决定公众信任、感知合法性和整体吸引力。每个国家都必须培育自己的信息力量来源,以确保在当今全球化世界中的国家安全。虽然信息权力的目标(如合法性的建立)与信息权力的组成部分(即主导文化或民主等价值)之间的关系需要深入研究,但本文对这种关系进行了初步分析。
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引用次数: 3
Government Information and Roles of Libraries and Archives: Recent Policy Issues in Japan 政府信息与图书馆和档案馆的角色:日本最近的政策问题
Takashi Koga
Government information is an important part of the “knowledge infrastructure” of a government’s citizens, in the way such information provides a reliable knowledge base relating both to laws and to everyday life. In addition, government information forms part of the historical and cultural heritage and serves as a means of accountability for current and future generations, provided that this information is archived and that its long-term accessibility is ensured. Recently, central and local governments in Japan have developed a variety of policies concerning government information, including: (1) development of e-government and (2) promotion of archival systems. This article reviews these policies and discusses the challenges faced by libraries and archives in Japan in maintaining government information as part of the nation's knowledge infrastructure.
政府信息是政府公民“知识基础设施”的重要组成部分,因为这些信息提供了与法律和日常生活有关的可靠知识库。此外,政府信息是历史和文化遗产的一部分,是当代人和后代人问责的一种手段,只要这些信息存档,并确保其长期可得。近年来,日本中央和地方政府制定了多种政府信息政策,包括:(1)发展电子政务;(2)推进档案制度。本文回顾了这些政策,并讨论了日本图书馆和档案馆在维护作为国家知识基础设施一部分的政府信息方面所面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 4
Single photons for quantum information systems 量子信息系统的单光子
Y. Yamamoto, C. Santori, G. Solomon, J. Vučković, D. Fattal, E. Waks, E. Diamanti
This paper introduces the current state of the development of single photon sources that will play a central role in future quantum information systems. By optically pumping a system consisting of a semiconductor single quantum dot confined in a monolithic microcavity, it is possible to produce a single photon pulse stream at the Fourier transform limit with high efficiency and with a high repetition speed. It is expected that this technique will not only prove to be useful for BB84 quantum cryptography using single photons, but will also find applications in other fields such as BBM92 quantum cryptography using entangled photon pairs, quantum teleportation, quantum repeaters, and linear optical quantum computers.
本文介绍了在未来量子信息系统中起核心作用的单光子源的发展现状。通过光抽运一个由半导体单量子点组成的系统,可以在傅里叶变换极限下以高效率和高重复速度产生单光子脉冲流。预计该技术不仅可用于BB84单光子量子加密,还可应用于BBM92纠缠光子对量子加密、量子隐形传态、量子中继器和线性光学量子计算机等领域。
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引用次数: 29
Traffic analysis and network bandwidth provisioning tools for academic information networks 学术信息网络流量分析和网络带宽分配工具
S. Abe, T. Hasegawa, S. Asano
A set of traffic analysis and network bandwidth provisioning tools for support of the Science Information Network (SINET) is presented. The software structure and functionality are also described. The tools provide an estimation of tail probability based on an approximation using Fractional Brownian Motion (FBM) tail probability, and the tools also enable calculation of the average queueing buffer waiting time using the MMPP/G/1 waiting time approximation method. The estimations provided by these tools are consistent with simulations based on observed traffic data.
提出了一套支持科学信息网(SINET)的流量分析和网络带宽配置工具。对软件结构和功能进行了描述。这些工具提供了基于分数布朗运动(FBM)尾部概率近似的尾部概率估计,并且这些工具还支持使用MMPP/G/1等待时间近似方法计算平均排队缓冲区等待时间。这些工具提供的估计与基于观测到的交通数据的模拟结果一致。
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引用次数: 4
Progress of the Digital Silk Roads project 数字丝绸之路建设进展
K. Ono, Takeo Yamamoto, T. Kamiuchi, A. Kitamoto, F. Andrès, S. Sato, E. Andaroodi
NII launched the Digital Silk Roads (DSR) project in cooperation with UNESCO as an international joint research project at NII in April 2001. In December 2001, at a the Tokyo symposium for Digital Silk Roads jointly organized by NII and UNESCO, the Tokyo Declaration was issued. The second International Symposium for the Digital Silk Roads was held at Nara in December 2003. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) between UNESCO and NII was signed by the Directors General of UNESCO and NII in March 2003. Under this MOU, the Digital Silk Roads Initiative Framework (DSRIF) was established as a coordination mechanism for promotion of the Project. The Bamiyan Remains in Afghanistan were archived as the Bamiyan Virtual Museum before being dynamited. Digital archiving of various historical documents, including rare books in the possession of the Toyo Bunko in Tokyo, was carried out. An Advanced Scientific Portal for International Cooperation on the Digital Silk Roads(ASPICO-DSR) was developed to provide a platform for collaboration of Digital Silk Roads studies. Ontology of caravanserais in Central Asia and 3D virtual restoration of the Citadel of Bam are currently being researched. This paper presents the progress of the Digital Silk Roads project conducted at NII, reporting on the objectives, targeted areas, program concept, architecture, and implementation by reviewing its past achievements. Ch.1 gives an introductory remarks by K.Ono. Ch.2 overviews of the Digital Silk Roads project by K.Ono Ch.3 describes the digital archive of the rare books on Silk Road in the possession of the Toyo Bunko by T.Yamamoto and S.Sato. Ch.4 presents the virtual restoration of the Bamiyan ruins using DIS technology by T.Kamiuchi. Ch.5 report on the DSR portal sites and its structure by A. Kitamoto . Ch.6 describes the architecture and metadata management of the ASPICO portal by K.Ono. Ch.7 describes resources management techniques by F.Andres. Ch.8 discusses Spacial-Lexical Knowledge Model for the Silk Roads caravanserais by E. Andaroodi. Ch.9 concludes this report with a discussion of perspectives on the future by K.Ono
2001年4月,国家信息研究所与联合国教科文组织合作启动了数字丝绸之路项目,作为国家信息研究所的一个国际联合研究项目。2001年12月,在日本国家信息研究所与联合国教科文组织联合举办的“数字丝绸之路”东京研讨会上,发表了《东京宣言》。第二届数字丝绸之路国际研讨会于2003年12月在奈良举行。2003年3月,教科文组织和国家信息研究所的总干事签署了一份谅解备忘录(MOU)。根据该谅解备忘录,建立了数字丝绸之路倡议框架(DSRIF),作为推进该项目的协调机制。在被炸毁之前,阿富汗的巴米扬遗骸被存档为巴米扬虚拟博物馆。对包括东京文库收藏的珍本在内的各种历史文献进行了数字化存档。建立“数字丝绸之路国际合作先进科学门户”(ASPICO-DSR),为数字丝绸之路研究合作提供平台。目前正在研究中亚商队的本体和巴姆城堡的三维虚拟修复。本文介绍了数字丝绸之路项目的进展,通过回顾其过去的成就,报告了目标、目标领域、项目概念、架构和实施情况。Ch.1由小野光作开场白。第2章概述了小野光的数字丝绸之路项目。第3章描述了山本和佐藤东洋文库中关于丝绸之路的珍贵书籍的数字档案。第4章展示了T.Kamiuchi使用DIS技术对巴米扬遗址的虚拟修复。c .5 A. Kitamoto关于DSR门户网站及其结构的报告。Ch.6描述了k.o ono设计的ASPICO门户的体系结构和元数据管理。第7章描述了F.Andres的资源管理技术。第8章讨论了Andaroodi的丝绸之路商队的空间-词汇知识模型。Ch.9以k.o ono对未来观点的讨论作为本报告的结尾
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引用次数: 6
期刊
... Proceedings of the ... IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing. IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing
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