Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.053
Dimple Dholwani, Lalitagauri P. Mandke
Apical periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory lesion of the periradicular tissue, is caused by etiological agents of endodontic origin. It is considered as a potent communication between microbiological factors and defense system of the host at the interface of periodontal ligament and infected radicular pulp. Endodontic treatment failure is often characterized by the existence of post-treatment apical periodontitis, which may be persistent, recurrent or emergent. The major etiology of persisting disease is an intraradicular infection, however in certain cases a secondary intraradicular infection due to factors like leakage from the coronal part of the tooth or an extraradicular infection may be the cause of failure.
{"title":"Persistent apical periodontits associated with endodontically treated teeth – A review","authors":"Dimple Dholwani, Lalitagauri P. Mandke","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.053","url":null,"abstract":"Apical periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory lesion of the periradicular tissue, is caused by etiological agents of endodontic origin. It is considered as a potent communication between microbiological factors and defense system of the host at the interface of periodontal ligament and infected radicular pulp. Endodontic treatment failure is often characterized by the existence of post-treatment apical periodontitis, which may be persistent, recurrent or emergent. The major etiology of persisting disease is an intraradicular infection, however in certain cases a secondary intraradicular infection due to factors like leakage from the coronal part of the tooth or an extraradicular infection may be the cause of failure.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88019799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.043
H. Aeran, A. Tuli, Ila Sharma
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which results by the interaction between bacteria leading to inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue attachment apparatus. Flap surgeries are most frequently employed treatment modality for deep periodontal pockets. Over the decades, many suture materials like silk and nylonare being used for the approximation of the flaps. In the present scenario of periodontal advancements, fibrin glue manifests to be a great alternative to flap approximation with better clinical and histological results.This randomized clinico-histological study aims to compare the healing of modified flap operation when approximated with Silk suture and N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive.Thirty patients were recruited in this clinico-histological study. In Group A, surgical site was approximated by 3-0 black braided silk sutures (@TRUSILK) and in Group B, N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive (@EPICLOS) was used by driplets for flap approximation. Patients were recalled for removal of sutures and any cyanoacrylate present after 1 week of surgery. All the parameters (clinical and histological) were taken at baseline and at 7 day.On intra and inter group comparison all the clinical parameters i.e., Gingival index (GI), Papillary Marginal Attachment (PMA) Index, Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), Wound healing index (WHI) and histological parameters i.e., inflammatory cells and vascularity shows significant reduction at 7 day in group B (N-butyl-cyanoacrylate).N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (Group B) is more effective in reducing the clinical and histological parameters than Silk sutures (Group A).
{"title":"A clinico-histological comparative evaluation of healing of periodontal flaps when approximated with silk sutures and n-butyl cyanoacrylate","authors":"H. Aeran, A. Tuli, Ila Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.043","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which results by the interaction between bacteria leading to inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue attachment apparatus. Flap surgeries are most frequently employed treatment modality for deep periodontal pockets. Over the decades, many suture materials like silk and nylonare being used for the approximation of the flaps. In the present scenario of periodontal advancements, fibrin glue manifests to be a great alternative to flap approximation with better clinical and histological results.This randomized clinico-histological study aims to compare the healing of modified flap operation when approximated with Silk suture and N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive.Thirty patients were recruited in this clinico-histological study. In Group A, surgical site was approximated by 3-0 black braided silk sutures (@TRUSILK) and in Group B, N-butyl cyanoacrylate bioadhesive (@EPICLOS) was used by driplets for flap approximation. Patients were recalled for removal of sutures and any cyanoacrylate present after 1 week of surgery. All the parameters (clinical and histological) were taken at baseline and at 7 day.On intra and inter group comparison all the clinical parameters i.e., Gingival index (GI), Papillary Marginal Attachment (PMA) Index, Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), Wound healing index (WHI) and histological parameters i.e., inflammatory cells and vascularity shows significant reduction at 7 day in group B (N-butyl-cyanoacrylate).N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (Group B) is more effective in reducing the clinical and histological parameters than Silk sutures (Group A).","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88582035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.042
Shalini Nair, Shahnaz Mehaboob, Shereefa Faresh, Hari S. Pillai, Vinodh Kumar, Monicah Roy
The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of millions of people over the world, imposing a tremendous burden on the global healthcare system including the dental community. COVID-19 vaccines are currently the best defense against the rapidly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there are emerging concerns about vaccine breakthrough infections. This study has been done to assess the COVID- 19 breakthrough infection among the vaccinated Dental student community of North Kerala and also evaluate and compare the severity of COVID-19 infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. A survey was performed within the Dental student community which included BDS students, House surgeons and Post graduates by means of a questionnaire administered online via Google forms that consisted of demographic information and questions to assess severity of the COVID-19 breakthrough infection. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 software. Result was presented in frequencies, percentages and charts showing the interrelatedness of the variables examined. Among the 714 respondents there were 11.9% males and 88.1% females. Majority of the study subjects reported to have completed two doses of Covid vaccine, while 11.5% had taken only a single dose and 1% had not been vaccinated at all. Around 13% of subjects gave history of being Covid positive before vaccination and (14.7%) got infected even after vaccination.New Covid variants are being evolved continuously, thereby increasing the chance for transmissibility and evasion of the host immune response. This could be the reason for the 14.7% breakthrough infections reported in our study. Therefore, the need for future studies to recognize factors leading to inadequate vaccine response in those with breakthrough infections and ways to mitigate them is highlighted.
{"title":"COVID 19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated dental student community of North Kerala- A survey based analysis","authors":"Shalini Nair, Shahnaz Mehaboob, Shereefa Faresh, Hari S. Pillai, Vinodh Kumar, Monicah Roy","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.042","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of millions of people over the world, imposing a tremendous burden on the global healthcare system including the dental community. COVID-19 vaccines are currently the best defense against the rapidly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there are emerging concerns about vaccine breakthrough infections. This study has been done to assess the COVID- 19 breakthrough infection among the vaccinated Dental student community of North Kerala and also evaluate and compare the severity of COVID-19 infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. A survey was performed within the Dental student community which included BDS students, House surgeons and Post graduates by means of a questionnaire administered online via Google forms that consisted of demographic information and questions to assess severity of the COVID-19 breakthrough infection. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 software. Result was presented in frequencies, percentages and charts showing the interrelatedness of the variables examined. Among the 714 respondents there were 11.9% males and 88.1% females. Majority of the study subjects reported to have completed two doses of Covid vaccine, while 11.5% had taken only a single dose and 1% had not been vaccinated at all. Around 13% of subjects gave history of being Covid positive before vaccination and (14.7%) got infected even after vaccination.New Covid variants are being evolved continuously, thereby increasing the chance for transmissibility and evasion of the host immune response. This could be the reason for the 14.7% breakthrough infections reported in our study. Therefore, the need for future studies to recognize factors leading to inadequate vaccine response in those with breakthrough infections and ways to mitigate them is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75701560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.041
Nishat Sultan, Mandeep Kaur, A. Sultan
In December 2019, a novel infection called Corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China; caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).On 11th March,2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 infection a pandemic. Since then the scientific community around the world is trying to decipher this infection to control it better. We have been successful in formulating the vaccine against it in record time, but during this course, it has taken a huge toll of human lives leaving behind people who got infected with various side effects of the infection. In the absence of any definitive treatment, many alternative modes of management systems have appeared. Various herbal agents appear to have a potential role in prevention and management of this infection. In the limited time so far, several studies have been conducted which have shown positive results but also highlights their potential drawbacks with insufficient scientific evidence. This review describes the potential role of common herbal agents as possible means of management of this infection and the need of further research in this direction where these traditional and relatively safe methods could be integrated in the management schemes of various chronic infections and diseases.
{"title":"Potential role of herbal medicinal agents against COVID-19 infection","authors":"Nishat Sultan, Mandeep Kaur, A. Sultan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.041","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019, a novel infection called Corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China; caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).On 11th March,2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 infection a pandemic. Since then the scientific community around the world is trying to decipher this infection to control it better. We have been successful in formulating the vaccine against it in record time, but during this course, it has taken a huge toll of human lives leaving behind people who got infected with various side effects of the infection. In the absence of any definitive treatment, many alternative modes of management systems have appeared. Various herbal agents appear to have a potential role in prevention and management of this infection. In the limited time so far, several studies have been conducted which have shown positive results but also highlights their potential drawbacks with insufficient scientific evidence. This review describes the potential role of common herbal agents as possible means of management of this infection and the need of further research in this direction where these traditional and relatively safe methods could be integrated in the management schemes of various chronic infections and diseases.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80597765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial space infection is the most common infection, which is considered as the life-threatening problem. It occurs due to the poor oral hygiene and other etiological factors such as tooth infection, decreased immunity. The main path of the spread of the infections is the odontogenic path. The patients having the habit of smoking, tobacco use, chewing areca nuts etc. are at the high risk of having odontogenic infection. So the odontogenic infections are considered as the origin of space infections. Out of which the submandibular space infections is the most common. Mostly it occurs due to the periapical infection and pericoronitis around the mandibular third molar. In this report we have described 38 years old female with the submandibular space infection which appeared 10 days after visiting a local dentist. The clinical characterstics were seen and the management of submandibular space infection was done.
{"title":"Submandibular space infection – A threatening plethora","authors":"Hemant Singla, Bhavika Kalra, Amoldeep Kaur, Rashi Bahl","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.051","url":null,"abstract":"Facial space infection is the most common infection, which is considered as the life-threatening problem. It occurs due to the poor oral hygiene and other etiological factors such as tooth infection, decreased immunity. The main path of the spread of the infections is the odontogenic path. The patients having the habit of smoking, tobacco use, chewing areca nuts etc. are at the high risk of having odontogenic infection. So the odontogenic infections are considered as the origin of space infections. Out of which the submandibular space infections is the most common. Mostly it occurs due to the periapical infection and pericoronitis around the mandibular third molar. In this report we have described 38 years old female with the submandibular space infection which appeared 10 days after visiting a local dentist. The clinical characterstics were seen and the management of submandibular space infection was done.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88635488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.046
Faisal Ayub Mulla, Waheed Ahmed Shaikh, Ajit J Kalia
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of recycling orthodontic metal brackets by sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles of different sizes and by laser blow method after first and second rebonding /recycling. 120 human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were randomly divided into four groups. 40 MBT prescription Orthodontic metallic brackets were bonded on the buccal surface of the samples. Brackets were recycled by sandblasting with 3 different particles size and laser. Debonding of all brackets was performed using a universal testing machine and shear bond strength was determined. Brackets were examined under Field emission scanning electron microscope from each group at each level to compare the surface characteristic of new and rebonded brackets. Data were analyzed with paired test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests.The shear bond strength of group I (sandblasted with 25µm alumina) was significantly higher at the end of 1st recycling compared to group II(50 µm) and III(100 µm) but it was comparable to group IV(laser) at the end of 1st recycling. Group IV showed clinically significant higher shear bond strength compared to group II and III after 1st and 2nd recycling. The shear bond strength for group II and III (sandblasted with 50 and 110µm alumina) was significantly much lower after 2nd recycling as compared to new i.e., Control (p value<0.001⁎⁎⁎).25µm alumina sandblasting and Er-YAG laser blow method obtained better results after three successive recycling. Overall sandblasting emerged as the best method to recycle the orthodontic brackets.
{"title":"Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets recylced using different methods: An in-vitro study","authors":"Faisal Ayub Mulla, Waheed Ahmed Shaikh, Ajit J Kalia","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.046","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare the effect of recycling orthodontic metal brackets by sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles of different sizes and by laser blow method after first and second rebonding /recycling. 120 human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were randomly divided into four groups. 40 MBT prescription Orthodontic metallic brackets were bonded on the buccal surface of the samples. Brackets were recycled by sandblasting with 3 different particles size and laser. Debonding of all brackets was performed using a universal testing machine and shear bond strength was determined. Brackets were examined under Field emission scanning electron microscope from each group at each level to compare the surface characteristic of new and rebonded brackets. Data were analyzed with paired test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests.The shear bond strength of group I (sandblasted with 25µm alumina) was significantly higher at the end of 1st recycling compared to group II(50 µm) and III(100 µm) but it was comparable to group IV(laser) at the end of 1st recycling. Group IV showed clinically significant higher shear bond strength compared to group II and III after 1st and 2nd recycling. The shear bond strength for group II and III (sandblasted with 50 and 110µm alumina) was significantly much lower after 2nd recycling as compared to new i.e., Control (p value<0.001⁎⁎⁎).25µm alumina sandblasting and Er-YAG laser blow method obtained better results after three successive recycling. Overall sandblasting emerged as the best method to recycle the orthodontic brackets.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89777902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.044
Chaithra Ganesh, Preetha Peethambar, S. Konde, M. Agarwal, Sahana N Prasad
In the present era, esthetics has become an important dimension in dental practice as parents and children are equally self-conscious of their appearance. Children now desire to possess an aesthetically pleasing smile. Harmonizing an esthetic smile integrates facial and dental components. Since the scientific data on pediatric esthetics are limited, the aim of the study was to evaluate esthetic parameters of the face and components of smile in children with deciduous dentition.: After fulfilling inclusion criteria, 3 sets of facial photographs of 100 children were obtained, comprising of frontal at rest, frontal smile and profile at rest images under standardised photographic technique. Linear measurements of facial and dental parameters were assessed with the help of Adobe photoshop and static norms were obtained by taking the average value. Subjective evaluation was performed by a group of professionals using Q-sort technique to list the attractive features in children.Static norms were obtained for facial and dental parameters. Attractive children showed decreased facial height, anterior lower facial height, vermilion height and bigonial width. They also displayed decreased smile index and buccal corridor ratio along with parallel smile arc and more than 3/4th of crown height visibility during smiling. Attractive children presented facial and dental parameters variable from normative values. : The study results can be utilised during restorative and prosthetic rehabilitation among children to improve esthetics.
{"title":"Evaluation of esthetic parameters of the face and components of smile in children with deciduous dentition","authors":"Chaithra Ganesh, Preetha Peethambar, S. Konde, M. Agarwal, Sahana N Prasad","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.044","url":null,"abstract":"In the present era, esthetics has become an important dimension in dental practice as parents and children are equally self-conscious of their appearance. Children now desire to possess an aesthetically pleasing smile. Harmonizing an esthetic smile integrates facial and dental components. Since the scientific data on pediatric esthetics are limited, the aim of the study was to evaluate esthetic parameters of the face and components of smile in children with deciduous dentition.: After fulfilling inclusion criteria, 3 sets of facial photographs of 100 children were obtained, comprising of frontal at rest, frontal smile and profile at rest images under standardised photographic technique. Linear measurements of facial and dental parameters were assessed with the help of Adobe photoshop and static norms were obtained by taking the average value. Subjective evaluation was performed by a group of professionals using Q-sort technique to list the attractive features in children.Static norms were obtained for facial and dental parameters. Attractive children showed decreased facial height, anterior lower facial height, vermilion height and bigonial width. They also displayed decreased smile index and buccal corridor ratio along with parallel smile arc and more than 3/4th of crown height visibility during smiling. Attractive children presented facial and dental parameters variable from normative values. : The study results can be utilised during restorative and prosthetic rehabilitation among children to improve esthetics.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87748756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.040
R. Ephraim, Sreelakshmi Rajendran, Dhanya K B, Mridhul M U
Autism is a disorder that is increasing many folds in incidence and is now considered an epidemic. There are no objective ways to confirm the disorder. Diagnosis is formed subjectively, supported by the perceived behavior of the subject. Therapeutic interventions have better results when started early in life in autism spectrum disorder, yet diagnosis often remains delayed, partly because it mainly relied on identifying abnormal behaviors which will be delayed or not emerge until the disorder is well established. Even so, many promising areas of research have disclosed abnormal biological processes that are related to ASD. Biomarkers that are identified on children who are at risk during the pre-symptomatic period can assist with early diagnosis, confirm behavioral observations, stratify patients into subgroups, and predict therapeutic response. Knowledge of the numerous biomarkers of ASD is important as it can go a long way in the early diagnosis of the condition and some may predict response to specific treatments. Through this review, we intend to give an insight into various biomarkers of ASD that have to date been established for its diagnosis and intervention. It's likely that biomarkers should be combined with other parameters to be effective to identify ASD early and guide proper therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"Biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder – A review","authors":"R. Ephraim, Sreelakshmi Rajendran, Dhanya K B, Mridhul M U","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.040","url":null,"abstract":"Autism is a disorder that is increasing many folds in incidence and is now considered an epidemic. There are no objective ways to confirm the disorder. Diagnosis is formed subjectively, supported by the perceived behavior of the subject. Therapeutic interventions have better results when started early in life in autism spectrum disorder, yet diagnosis often remains delayed, partly because it mainly relied on identifying abnormal behaviors which will be delayed or not emerge until the disorder is well established. Even so, many promising areas of research have disclosed abnormal biological processes that are related to ASD. Biomarkers that are identified on children who are at risk during the pre-symptomatic period can assist with early diagnosis, confirm behavioral observations, stratify patients into subgroups, and predict therapeutic response. Knowledge of the numerous biomarkers of ASD is important as it can go a long way in the early diagnosis of the condition and some may predict response to specific treatments. Through this review, we intend to give an insight into various biomarkers of ASD that have to date been established for its diagnosis and intervention. It's likely that biomarkers should be combined with other parameters to be effective to identify ASD early and guide proper therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"339 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80877405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study compares the effectiveness of inferior alveolar nerve block and infiltration in the extraction of posterior mandibular teeth. 90 patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 45 patients and for each tooth, two injections (0.6 ml out of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine from one dental cartridge with 1:80000 adrenaline) were administered, one Local Anesthetic injection was given parallel to the long axis of the tooth in the depth of buccal sulcus with short needle and dental syringe. The second injection was delivered to the lingual vestibule of the mouth's floor to anaesthetize the soft and hard lingual tissue with short needle and dental syringe, whereas Group 2 included 45 patients and were given Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (1.5 ml of 2% Lidocaine) and Long Buccal nerve Infiltration (0.3ml of 2% Lidocaine). In our study, we found 78% patients was pain free and 22% was feeling pain during tooth extraction in patients who were given infiltration, whereas patients in which Inferior alveolar nerve block was given, 89% patients was pain free and 11% were feeling pain during tooth extraction. 94% of males and 85% of females experienced no pain, whereas 6% of males and 15% of females felt pain during the extraction. The present study suggests that Infiltration can be used as an alternative approach to inferior alveolar nerve block during the extraction of Mandibular posterior teeth.
{"title":"Comparing effectiveness of infiltration, and inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia for extraction of posterior mandibular teeth","authors":"Harpuneet Kaur, Rashmeet Kaur, Deepika, Prenika Sharma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.048","url":null,"abstract":"The present study compares the effectiveness of inferior alveolar nerve block and infiltration in the extraction of posterior mandibular teeth. 90 patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 45 patients and for each tooth, two injections (0.6 ml out of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine from one dental cartridge with 1:80000 adrenaline) were administered, one Local Anesthetic injection was given parallel to the long axis of the tooth in the depth of buccal sulcus with short needle and dental syringe. The second injection was delivered to the lingual vestibule of the mouth's floor to anaesthetize the soft and hard lingual tissue with short needle and dental syringe, whereas Group 2 included 45 patients and were given Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (1.5 ml of 2% Lidocaine) and Long Buccal nerve Infiltration (0.3ml of 2% Lidocaine). In our study, we found 78% patients was pain free and 22% was feeling pain during tooth extraction in patients who were given infiltration, whereas patients in which Inferior alveolar nerve block was given, 89% patients was pain free and 11% were feeling pain during tooth extraction. 94% of males and 85% of females experienced no pain, whereas 6% of males and 15% of females felt pain during the extraction. The present study suggests that Infiltration can be used as an alternative approach to inferior alveolar nerve block during the extraction of Mandibular posterior teeth.","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86293989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.039
A. Gupta, Manu Gupta
{"title":"Emergence of teledentistry during COVID-19 for management of dental services","authors":"A. Gupta, Manu Gupta","doi":"10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91704,"journal":{"name":"International journal of dentistry and oral health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77213374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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