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Ferritin in Mollusks: Structural Diversity and Physiological Functions. 软体动物中的铁蛋白:结构多样性和生理功能。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf176
Rui Onishi, Michiko Nemoto

Ferritin, a protein ubiquitously found in living organisms, is well known for its major role in iron homeostasis. However, recent studies in invertebrates have revealed that it possesses diverse physiological functions beyond iron homeostasis. Especially in mollusks, ferritin has been suggested to be involved in functions such as restricting iron availability to pathogens during immune responses, mediating iron transport to specific tissues via hemolymph, and contributing to the formation of mineralized tissues, such as shells and radulae. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that mollusks possess not only the cytoplasmic ferritin found in vertebrates, but also a secretory ferritin, which contains a signal peptide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of molluscan ferritin, summarizing the broad aspects of its molecular structure and physiological functions.

铁蛋白是一种在生物体中普遍存在的蛋白质,因其在铁稳态中的主要作用而闻名。然而,最近对无脊椎动物的研究表明,它具有多种生理功能,而不仅仅是铁稳态。特别是在软体动物中,铁蛋白被认为参与了一些功能,如在免疫反应过程中限制铁对病原体的可利用性,通过血淋巴介导铁运输到特定组织,并促进矿化组织的形成,如贝壳和髓。此外,已经证明软体动物不仅具有脊椎动物中发现的胞质铁蛋白,而且还具有分泌铁蛋白,其中含有信号肽。本文对软体动物铁蛋白的分子结构和生理功能进行了综述。
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引用次数: 0
Heterologous expression of carbonic anhydrase in Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 for whole-cell biocatalysis. 碳酸酐酶在不动杆菌sp. tol5中全细胞生物催化的异源表达。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf137
Shogo Yoshimoto, Hiroya Oka, Yuki Ohara, Yan-Yu Chen, Masahito Ishikawa, Katsutoshi Hori

Carbonic anhydrase accelerates the hydration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and is an attractive biocatalyst for carbon capture and utilization. Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 shows high adhesiveness via its cell-surface protein AtaA. We previously demonstrated its application to bacterial immobilization and gas-phase bioproduction. Here, we developed Tol 5 cells expressing carbonic anhydrase and evaluated CO₂ conversion ability as whole-cell biocatalysts. A codon-optimized carbonic anhydrase from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense (SyCA) was produced in the cytoplasm, but the cells showed little activity as a whole-cell biocatalyst. To enhance activity, we fused six signal peptides (SPs) to SyCA for periplasmic expression. The Omp38-SP fusion of SyCA was properly processed to the mature size, yielding higher whole-cell activity. By contrast, the other constructs were either undetectable or remained unprocessed, resulting in lower activities. These results show that periplasmic expression of SyCA is important for efficient CO₂ hydration in Tol 5 cells as whole-cell biocatalysts.

碳酸酐酶加速二氧化碳的水合作用,是一种有吸引力的碳捕获和利用的生物催化剂。不动杆菌sp. Tol 5通过其细胞表面蛋白AtaA表现出较高的粘附性。我们之前展示了它在细菌固定化和气相生物生产中的应用。在这里,我们开发了表达碳酸酐酶的Tol 5细胞,并评估了作为全细胞生物催化剂的CO₂转化能力。从黄石酸硫氢(SyCA)提取的密码子优化的碳酸酐酶在细胞质中产生,但细胞作为全细胞生物催化剂的活性不高。为了增强活性,我们将六种信号肽(SPs)融合到SyCA中进行质周表达。SyCA的Omp38-SP融合被适当地处理到成熟的大小,产生更高的全细胞活性。相比之下,其他结构要么无法检测到,要么未被处理,导致活性较低。这些结果表明,SyCA作为全细胞生物催化剂在Tol - 5细胞的质周表达对于有效的CO 2水合作用是重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive analysis of cell-associated fatty acids in Bifidobacterium strains. 双歧杆菌中细胞相关脂肪酸的综合分析。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf144
Ryuta Murakami, Jin-Zhong Xiao, Kiyotaka Y Hara, Toshitaka Odamaki, Hiroshi Kikukawa

Bifidobacteria are Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria known for their health-promoting effects. However, a comprehensive analysis of middle- and long-chain fatty acids in bifidobacteria remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate fatty acid accumulation among 43 strains covering 40 species/subspecies, and to elucidate interspecies and interstrain variations. Analysis of their cell-associated fatty acids revealed significant differences in total fatty acid levels. Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum and related species exhibited notably high accumulation of multiple fatty acids (eg decanoic acid, cis-7-C16:1). Among Bifidobacterium breve strains, M-16V produced significantly more cis-7-C16:1 than the others. Additionally, a homology analysis targeting cyclopropane fatty acid synthase was performed to determine the genetic basis of cis-9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid (cyclo-C19:0) production. Only strains possessing the homolog produced cyclo-C19:0. These results highlight substantial variation in fatty acid accumulation among bifidobacteria, which could influence their probiotic functionalities. This study provides a foundation for future research on the health benefits of bifidobacterial fatty acid profiles.

双歧杆菌是革兰氏阳性厌氧菌,以其促进健康的作用而闻名。然而,对双歧杆菌中长链脂肪酸的全面分析仍然难以捉摸。本研究旨在评估43株菌株40个种/亚种的脂肪酸积累情况,并阐明种间和菌种间的变化。对它们细胞相关脂肪酸的分析揭示了总脂肪酸水平的显著差异。嗜热双歧杆菌及其相关物种表现出多种脂肪酸(如癸酸,顺式-7- c16:1)的高积累。短芽孢杆菌中,m - 16v产生的顺-7- c16:1明显多于其他菌株。此外,对环丙烷脂肪酸合成酶进行了同源性分析,以确定顺式-9,10-亚甲基十八烷酸(环- c19:0)生产的遗传基础。只有具有同源物的菌株产生环- c19:0。这些结果突出了双歧杆菌中脂肪酸积累的实质性差异,这可能影响它们的益生菌功能。本研究为进一步研究双歧杆菌脂肪酸的健康益处奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Inulin exacerbates disease severity in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis by causing osmotic diarrhea. 菊粉通过引起渗透性腹泻加重溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型的疾病严重程度。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf129
Takashi Hosono, Keigo Saito, Yu Arima, Yori Ozaki-Masuzawa, Taiichiro Seki

Inulin, a soluble dietary fiber, is widely recognized for its gut health benefits; however, its role in the progression of ulcerative colitis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of inulin supplementation on colitis induced by administering dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to BALB/c mice. Mice were fed diets containing 10% inulin or cellulose, followed by administration of 2% DSS in drinking water. Inulin-supplemented mice exhibited a higher disease activity index and more severe epithelial damage compared to cellulose-fed controls. Similar pathological features were observed in mice administered polyethylene glycol to induce osmotic diarrhea, suggesting that increased luminal osmotic pressure may exacerbate colitis. Notably, co-administration of polycarbophil calcium with inulin ameliorated clinical symptoms and attenuated tissue damage. These findings suggest that inulin may aggravate colitis, potentially through increased luminal osmotic pressure. Therefore, managing osmotic diarrhea may represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate colitis symptoms associated with certain dietary fibers.

菊粉是一种可溶性膳食纤维,因其对肠道健康的益处而被广泛认可;然而,其在溃疡性结肠炎进展中的作用尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们研究了菊粉补充对右旋糖酐硫酸钠(DSS)致BALB/c小鼠结肠炎的影响。给小鼠喂食含有10%菊粉或纤维素的饲料,然后在饮用水中添加2%的DSS。与饲喂纤维素的对照组相比,添加菊粉的小鼠表现出更高的疾病活动指数和更严重的上皮损伤。在给药聚乙二醇诱导渗透性腹泻的小鼠中观察到类似的病理特征,提示腔内渗透压升高可能加重结肠炎。值得注意的是,多碳粒细胞钙与菊粉的联合用药改善了临床症状并减轻了组织损伤。这些发现表明菊粉可能通过增加腔内渗透压加重结肠炎。因此,控制渗透性腹泻可能是缓解与某些膳食纤维相关的结肠炎症状的一种治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Proteinaceous components in goat amniotic fluid enhance the expression of keratinocyte differentiation-related proteins. 羊水中的蛋白质成分可增强角质形成细胞分化相关蛋白的表达。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf138
Tokuji Tsuji, Mao Ohashi, Rikuto Imai, Yusuke Kawaguchi, Hisateru Yamaguchi, Shuichi Matsuyama, Sho Nakamura, Satoshi Ohkura, Kiyotaka Hitomi

Amniotic fluid (AF) constitutes a dynamic environment containing diverse bioactive molecules derived from both maternal and fetal sources that support fetal development. As the fetus develops in continuous contact with AF, it is plausible that AF influences the formation of the skin epidermis. However, the mechanisms through which AF promotes keratinocyte differentiation remain largely unclear. Here, we showed that goat AF enhanced the expression of key functional proteins involved in epidermal barrier formation, including small proline-rich proteins, loricrin, and transglutaminase. We further obtained the bioactive fractions that promote the expression of these differentiation-related proteins through multistep protein fractionation via column chromatography. Proteomic analysis subsequently revealed 291 candidate proteins, including 85 distinct extracellular proteins, primarily grouped into calcium-binding proteins, proteases and their regulators, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules. Collectively, these results suggest that proteins secreted or released into AF contribute to establishing a microenvironment conducive to epidermal differentiation.

羊水(AF)是一种动态环境,含有来自母体和胎儿的多种生物活性分子,支持胎儿发育。胎儿在持续接触房颤的情况下发育,房颤可能影响皮肤表皮的形成。然而,AF促进角质细胞分化的机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里,我们发现山羊AF增强了参与表皮屏障形成的关键功能蛋白的表达,包括富含脯氨酸的小蛋白、loricrin和转谷氨酰胺酶。我们进一步通过柱层析的多步骤蛋白质分离获得了促进这些分化相关蛋白表达的生物活性组分。蛋白质组学分析随后揭示了291种候选蛋白,包括85种不同的细胞外蛋白,主要分为钙结合蛋白、蛋白酶及其调节因子、细胞外基质成分和信号分子。总之,这些结果表明,分泌或释放到AF中的蛋白质有助于建立有利于表皮分化的微环境。
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引用次数: 0
Cation/H+ exchangers OsCHX11 and OsCHX16 facilitate potassium transport under saline and saline-alkaline conditions. 阳离子/H+交换剂OsCHX11和OsCHX16促进钾在盐水和盐碱条件下的运输。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf142
Mami Nampei, Daichi Toyama, Mitsuki Kondo, Nguyen Manh Linh, Akihiro Ueda

This study aimed to elucidate the functions of saline-alkaline inducible genes encoding OsCHX11 and OsCHX16, members of the cation/H+ exchanger (CHX) family, under different component of saline-alkaline conditions. Rice biomass under carbonate-based (50 mm Na+ with carbonates) and high-pH (50 mm Na+ without carbonates) conditions was similar, whereas higher Na+/K+ ratio was observed under carbonate-based conditions. Under carbonate-based conditions, only OsCHX16 was significantly expressed, whereas both OsCHX11 and OsCHX16 were highly expressed under high pH conditions. The yeast complementation assay showed that OsCHX11 and OsCHX16 improved the yeast growth under saline, carbonate-based, and high-pH conditions by increasing K+ concentration. Taken together, these results suggest that OsCHX11 and OsCHX16 may contribute to the K+ uptake system under saline-alkaline conditions with or without carbonates at cell level.

本研究旨在阐明阳离子/H+交换剂(CHXs)家族成员OsCHX11和OsCHX16的碱碱诱导基因在不同碱碱条件下的功能。碳酸盐基(50 mM Na+含碳酸盐)和高ph (50 mM Na+不含碳酸盐)条件下的水稻生物量相似,但碳酸盐基条件下Na+/K+比值较高。在碳酸盐基条件下,只有OsCHX16显著表达,而在高pH条件下,OsCHX11和OsCHX16均高表达。酵母互补实验表明,OsCHX11和OsCHX16通过提高K+浓度,在盐水、碳酸盐和高ph条件下促进酵母生长。综上所述,这些结果表明OsCHX11和OsCHX16可能在细胞水平上参与盐碱条件下有或没有碳酸盐的K+吸收系统。
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引用次数: 0
Co-administration of histidine and soy isoflavones induces beige adipogenesis in male rats: depot-specific responses in white adipose tissue. 组氨酸和大豆异黄酮共同给药诱导雄性大鼠米色脂肪生成:白色脂肪组织中的仓库特异性反应。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf135
Riku Asahi, Haruhide Udagawa, Remiko Oshiro, Shigeru Nakajima, Nobuyuki Kanzawa, Yukiko Shimizu, Tadashi Okamura, Takahiko J Fujimi

Co-administration of histidine and soy isoflavones induced beige adipogenesis in male rats, as demonstrated by the formation of multilocular lipid droplets and increased uncoupling protein 1 gene expression in white adipose tissue. This response was accompanied by fat depot-specific enhancement of mitochondrial activity and suppression of lipogenesis, suggesting the potential for dietary strategies to combat obesity via beige adipocytes activation.

组氨酸和大豆异黄酮共给药诱导雄性大鼠米色脂肪形成,结果表明,白色脂肪组织中多室脂滴的形成和解偶联蛋白1基因表达的增加。这种反应伴随着脂肪库特异性的线粒体活性增强和脂肪生成抑制,这表明饮食策略可能通过米色脂肪细胞的激活来对抗肥胖。
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引用次数: 0
Apple sourness and sweetness intensities standardized using a general-purpose standard solution and a taste sensor system. 使用通用标准溶液和味觉传感器系统标准化苹果酸甜强度。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf136
Tomomi Ujihara, Nobuyuki Hayashi, Hidekazu Ikezaki

The taste of agricultural products and foods is an important factor in quality evaluation; thus, comparable taste data are useful for their production, marketing, branding, and distribution regardless of when or where the data were obtained. To realize this concept, taste data need to be standardized. In this study, a method for standardizing the sourness and sweetness intensities of apple was established using a taste sensor system and a standard solution prepared from citric acid and sucrose. These taste substances are commonly used for standard solutions of other foods. Polyphenolic compounds that interfere with the sweetness sensor probe were removed from sample solutions using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone. The taste intensities estimated using this method showed good agreement with chemical analysis values highly correlated with human sensory evaluation data.

农产品和食品的口感是质量评价的重要因素;因此,无论何时何地获得数据,可比较的味道数据对其生产、营销、品牌和分销都是有用的。为了实现这一概念,味觉数据需要标准化。本研究采用味觉传感系统和柠檬酸与蔗糖配制的标准溶液,建立了苹果酸甜度的标准化方法。这些味道物质通常用于其他食品的标准溶液。用聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮从样品溶液中去除干扰甜味传感器探针的多酚类化合物。用这种方法估计的味道强度与与人类感官评价数据高度相关的化学分析值一致。
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引用次数: 0
Proteomic profiling reveals selaginellin A-induced blockade of cell cycle in MDA-MB-231 cells. 蛋白质组学分析揭示了selaginellin a在MDA-MB-231细胞中诱导的细胞周期阻滞。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf139
Jing Wen, Shuai-Cong Ni, Xiao-Lin-Mo Ma-Hai, Yuan Liu, Xin-Jia Yan

Selaginellin A (Sela A), a derivative from Selaginella tamariscina, exerts antitriple-negative breast cancer effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. Proteomic profiling identified 1136 differentially expressed proteins after Sela A treatment, predominantly downregulated (n = 889). Enrichment analyses revealed that Sela A significantly downregulated pathways critical for DNA repair, replication, and cell cycle progression, while upregulating ribosomal biogenesis and protein processing. Mechanistically, Sela A acts as a PTP1B inhibitor (IC50 = 7.4 μm), binding key residues (PHE-182, GLU-186). This inhibition activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR). Consequently, mTOR activation stimulates ribosomal synthesis but concurrently triggers a p70S6K-mediated negative feedback loop, degrading IRS1. IRS1 loss suppresses Akt signaling, reducing expression of cell cycle proteins and inducing G1-phase arrest. Thus, Sela A may block MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation via PTP1B inhibition driving mTOR/IRS1/Akt dysregulation.

Selaginellin A (Sela A)是一种来自卷柏菌的衍生物,在MDA-MB-231细胞中发挥抗三阴性乳腺癌作用。蛋白质组学分析发现Sela A处理后有1136个差异表达蛋白(DEPs),主要下调(n = 889)。富集分析显示Sela A显著下调了DNA修复、复制和细胞周期进程的关键途径,同时上调了核糖体生物发生和蛋白质加工。在机制上,Sela A作为PTP1B抑制剂(IC50 = 7.4 μM),结合关键残基(phe182, GLU-186)。这种抑制激活了雷帕霉素复合物1 (mTOR)的机制靶点。因此,mTOR激活刺激核糖体合成,但同时触发p70s6k介导的负反馈回路,降解IRS1。IRS1缺失抑制Akt信号,降低细胞周期蛋白表达,诱导g1期阻滞。因此,Sela A可能通过抑制PTP1B驱动mTOR/IRS1/Akt失调来阻断MDA-MB-231细胞增殖。
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引用次数: 0
Augmented glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. 胰高血糖素诱导的大鼠原代肝细胞糖异生增强。
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf133
Miwako Deguchi, Akemi Hosoda, Tomoe Fukumura, Shigeru Saeki, DongHo Kim

Glucagon dysregulation is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its early hepatic effects remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis is markedly enhanced in primary hepatocytes from prediabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a well-established model of human T2DM. Compared to control LETO rats, OLETF hepatocytes showed significantly higher glucagon-stimulated expression of gluconeogenic genes (Pepck, G6pase, and Fbp1) at both mRNA and protein levels, along with elevated glucose production. Notably, mRNA decay analysis revealed prolonged half-lives of gluconeogenic transcripts in OLETF hepatocytes, indicating enhanced mRNA stability as a novel mechanism contributing to increased hepatic glucose output. These findings highlight aberrant glucagon responsiveness and posttranscriptional regulation as potential predisposing factors in genetically susceptible models prior to the onset of overt metabolic abnormality, which may be of interest for preventive or therapeutic strategies for controlling fasting hyperglycemia.

胰高血糖素失调是2型糖尿病(T2DM)的标志,但其早期肝脏影响尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明了胰高血糖素诱导的糖异生在糖尿病前期大鼠(一种成熟的人类T2DM模型)的原代肝细胞中显着增强。与对照组LETO大鼠相比,OLETF肝细胞胰高血糖素刺激的糖异生基因(Pepck、G6pase、Fbp1) mRNA和蛋白水平均显著升高,同时葡萄糖产量升高。值得注意的是,mRNA衰变分析显示OLETF肝细胞中糖异生转录物的半衰期延长,表明mRNA稳定性增强是促进肝糖输出增加的新机制。这些发现强调了异常的胰高血糖素反应性和转录后调控在明显代谢异常发生之前的遗传易感模型中是潜在的易感因素,提示可能对控制空腹高血糖的预防或治疗策略感兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
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