Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae032
Miriam Bazzicalupo, Ilaria Masullo, Karl J Duffy, Michael F Fay, Jacopo Calevo
Over half of angiosperms have self-incompatibility systems to avoid self-pollination and inbreeding depression. Many members of Orchidaceae are self-compatible, but they may be prone to negative consequences of self-pollination. We investigated the effects of both within-flower (autogamy) and within-plant (geitonogamy) self-pollination, and cross-pollination on fruit set, seed quality, and germination rates in 11 related orchid taxa of subtribe Orchidinae. We hand-pollinated flowers and measured fruit set to estimate pre- and postzygotic barriers. We collected morphometric data on embryos and seeds and calculated the percentage of seeds with embryos and seed viability. We then calculated inbreeding depression values for each treatment for each taxon. Ten taxa produced fruits when self-pollinated, but germination rates and seed size increased with cross-pollination. Higher seed viability was correlated with larger embryos/seeds. However, geitonogamous pollination generally resulted in the lowest seed quality compared with autogamy and cross-pollination, with high values of inbreeding depression being detected. Only seven of the 11 taxa (Anacamptis papilionacea, Himantoglossum adriaticum, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys bertolonii, Orchis patens subsp. brevicornis, Orchis provincialis, and Serapias vomeracea) were confirmed as self-compatible. These results show that cross-pollination improves overall seed quality, and that the assessment of self-compatibility in orchids should be based on postfruiting stages.
{"title":"Seed quality and germination performance increase with cross-pollination in members of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae)","authors":"Miriam Bazzicalupo, Ilaria Masullo, Karl J Duffy, Michael F Fay, Jacopo Calevo","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae032","url":null,"abstract":"Over half of angiosperms have self-incompatibility systems to avoid self-pollination and inbreeding depression. Many members of Orchidaceae are self-compatible, but they may be prone to negative consequences of self-pollination. We investigated the effects of both within-flower (autogamy) and within-plant (geitonogamy) self-pollination, and cross-pollination on fruit set, seed quality, and germination rates in 11 related orchid taxa of subtribe Orchidinae. We hand-pollinated flowers and measured fruit set to estimate pre- and postzygotic barriers. We collected morphometric data on embryos and seeds and calculated the percentage of seeds with embryos and seed viability. We then calculated inbreeding depression values for each treatment for each taxon. Ten taxa produced fruits when self-pollinated, but germination rates and seed size increased with cross-pollination. Higher seed viability was correlated with larger embryos/seeds. However, geitonogamous pollination generally resulted in the lowest seed quality compared with autogamy and cross-pollination, with high values of inbreeding depression being detected. Only seven of the 11 taxa (Anacamptis papilionacea, Himantoglossum adriaticum, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys bertolonii, Orchis patens subsp. brevicornis, Orchis provincialis, and Serapias vomeracea) were confirmed as self-compatible. These results show that cross-pollination improves overall seed quality, and that the assessment of self-compatibility in orchids should be based on postfruiting stages.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae037
Bárbara Vento, Natalia Mego, Gabriela G Puebla
Larreoideae are one of the major representatives of Zygophyllaceae in South America. In this work, we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of species in the subfamily Larreoideae using morphological and molecular data in a total evidence context. We also evaluated the monophyly of Larreoideae considering both morphological and a combined set of data (morphological + molecular), providing a discussion of the phylogenetic position of its members. Finally, we constructed a molecular tree based on nuclear and plastid sequences, analysing them separately. The integration of morphological and molecular data reaffirms the monophyly of Larreoideae. The phylogenetic analysis supports the traditional genera as well-supported groups. Species in Bulnesia are clearly separated by molecular and morphological characters which reinforce the consolidation of the genus Gonopterodendron. Therefore, we recognize eight genera forming Larreoideae. We confirm the taxonomic position of Guaiacum angustifolium (Porlieria angustifolia) in Guaiacum supported by molecular and morphological data, and suggest the inclusion of Pintoa chilensis and Metharme lanata in Larreoideae based on morphological features shared with members of the subfamily.
{"title":"Advances in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Larreoideae using morphological and molecular evidence","authors":"Bárbara Vento, Natalia Mego, Gabriela G Puebla","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae037","url":null,"abstract":"Larreoideae are one of the major representatives of Zygophyllaceae in South America. In this work, we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of species in the subfamily Larreoideae using morphological and molecular data in a total evidence context. We also evaluated the monophyly of Larreoideae considering both morphological and a combined set of data (morphological + molecular), providing a discussion of the phylogenetic position of its members. Finally, we constructed a molecular tree based on nuclear and plastid sequences, analysing them separately. The integration of morphological and molecular data reaffirms the monophyly of Larreoideae. The phylogenetic analysis supports the traditional genera as well-supported groups. Species in Bulnesia are clearly separated by molecular and morphological characters which reinforce the consolidation of the genus Gonopterodendron. Therefore, we recognize eight genera forming Larreoideae. We confirm the taxonomic position of Guaiacum angustifolium (Porlieria angustifolia) in Guaiacum supported by molecular and morphological data, and suggest the inclusion of Pintoa chilensis and Metharme lanata in Larreoideae based on morphological features shared with members of the subfamily.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae035
Rui Wu, Shuang Cun, Yong-Qian Gao, Rong Ma, Lin Zhang, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Hang Sun, Bo Song
Glandular trichomes are traditionally regarded as a defence against insect herbivores in plants. A comprehensive examination of their occurrence across an entire flora is essential for understanding how plant-herbivore interactions influence species abundance, traits, and diversity. In this study, we gathered data on the presence of glandular trichomes in a diverse flora comprising 7751 angiosperm species from the Hengduan Mountains region in southwestern China, testing the effects of plant organ, life form, leaf habit, phylogenetic position, and geographical element on the occurrence of glandular trichomes. Our results showed that 1021 species (13.2%) in the studied flora possessed glandular trichomes. Reproductive organs (88.0%) displayed a significantly higher occurrence of glandular trichomes compared to vegetative organs (59.1%). Within flowers, the calyx (81.1%) was the most defended, followed by the corolla (17.4%), and the gynoecium (12.5%). The androecium (1.8%) was the flower component least associated with glandular trichomes. Herbaceous species (14.0%) were more likely to have glandular trichomes than woody species (11.6%). For woody plants, leaf habit (deciduous/evergreen) had no significant effect on the presence of glandular trichomes on leaf blades, but had a significant effect on the occurrence of glandular trichomes on reproductive organs, with deciduous woody species (11.0%) displaying a higher prevalence compared to evergreen woody species (8.3%). Interestingly, the proportion of species with glandular trichomes was notably lower in the tropical elements (6.8%) compared to both temperate and cosmopolitan elements (15.3% and 15.6%, respectively). Our findings suggest that in the Hengduan Mountains region, the evolution of glandular trichomes exhibits distinct patterns among various life forms, plant organs, leaf habits, and geographical elements, while showing limited influence from phylogenetic relatedness, highlighting the remarkable evolutionary adaptability of this defensive plant trait.
{"title":"Distribution patterns of glandular trichomes in the flora of the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China","authors":"Rui Wu, Shuang Cun, Yong-Qian Gao, Rong Ma, Lin Zhang, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Hang Sun, Bo Song","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae035","url":null,"abstract":"Glandular trichomes are traditionally regarded as a defence against insect herbivores in plants. A comprehensive examination of their occurrence across an entire flora is essential for understanding how plant-herbivore interactions influence species abundance, traits, and diversity. In this study, we gathered data on the presence of glandular trichomes in a diverse flora comprising 7751 angiosperm species from the Hengduan Mountains region in southwestern China, testing the effects of plant organ, life form, leaf habit, phylogenetic position, and geographical element on the occurrence of glandular trichomes. Our results showed that 1021 species (13.2%) in the studied flora possessed glandular trichomes. Reproductive organs (88.0%) displayed a significantly higher occurrence of glandular trichomes compared to vegetative organs (59.1%). Within flowers, the calyx (81.1%) was the most defended, followed by the corolla (17.4%), and the gynoecium (12.5%). The androecium (1.8%) was the flower component least associated with glandular trichomes. Herbaceous species (14.0%) were more likely to have glandular trichomes than woody species (11.6%). For woody plants, leaf habit (deciduous/evergreen) had no significant effect on the presence of glandular trichomes on leaf blades, but had a significant effect on the occurrence of glandular trichomes on reproductive organs, with deciduous woody species (11.0%) displaying a higher prevalence compared to evergreen woody species (8.3%). Interestingly, the proportion of species with glandular trichomes was notably lower in the tropical elements (6.8%) compared to both temperate and cosmopolitan elements (15.3% and 15.6%, respectively). Our findings suggest that in the Hengduan Mountains region, the evolution of glandular trichomes exhibits distinct patterns among various life forms, plant organs, leaf habits, and geographical elements, while showing limited influence from phylogenetic relatedness, highlighting the remarkable evolutionary adaptability of this defensive plant trait.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae030
Ruirui Liu, Delai Chen, Shujuan Xu, Yi Zou
Insect pollinators provide essential ecosystem services, and pollination effectiveness is a key factor in evaluating the relative importance of different insect species. While single-visit deposition (SVD) of pollen on virgin stigmas by insects is usually used to measure pollination effectiveness, how SVD is correlated with species behavioural and morphological traits is poorly understood for different floral morphs. Here, we used distylous common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) as a model to understand the relationship between SVD and pollen load, key morphological and behavioural traits of pollinators, and how such relationships differ between different floral morphs. We quantified SVD for 16 insect species and measured the body length, proboscis length, pollen load on different parts of the body, and average visit duration for each species. The results showed that SVD is generally positively correlated with pollen load. SVD is significantly positively associated with species body length but negatively associated with proboscis length for thrum flowers but not for pin flowers. Similarly, positive relationships between SVD and visit duration were observed for thrum flowers, but no significant relationship was observed for pin flowers, while flower visit duration was negatively associated with proboscis length. This study also indicates trait-matching between flowers and pollinators, i.e. the short proboscis length is well matched with the short stamen (pin flower) and short style (thrum flower) and hence promotes compatible pollen deposition on thrum flowers. Our study suggests that morphological trait-matching between flowers and pollinators influences the outcome of plant–pollinator interactions, contributing to variations in pollination effectiveness among different pollinators.
{"title":"The impact of pollinator functional traits on pollination effectiveness is shaped by floral morphs in distylous plant species","authors":"Ruirui Liu, Delai Chen, Shujuan Xu, Yi Zou","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae030","url":null,"abstract":"Insect pollinators provide essential ecosystem services, and pollination effectiveness is a key factor in evaluating the relative importance of different insect species. While single-visit deposition (SVD) of pollen on virgin stigmas by insects is usually used to measure pollination effectiveness, how SVD is correlated with species behavioural and morphological traits is poorly understood for different floral morphs. Here, we used distylous common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) as a model to understand the relationship between SVD and pollen load, key morphological and behavioural traits of pollinators, and how such relationships differ between different floral morphs. We quantified SVD for 16 insect species and measured the body length, proboscis length, pollen load on different parts of the body, and average visit duration for each species. The results showed that SVD is generally positively correlated with pollen load. SVD is significantly positively associated with species body length but negatively associated with proboscis length for thrum flowers but not for pin flowers. Similarly, positive relationships between SVD and visit duration were observed for thrum flowers, but no significant relationship was observed for pin flowers, while flower visit duration was negatively associated with proboscis length. This study also indicates trait-matching between flowers and pollinators, i.e. the short proboscis length is well matched with the short stamen (pin flower) and short style (thrum flower) and hence promotes compatible pollen deposition on thrum flowers. Our study suggests that morphological trait-matching between flowers and pollinators influences the outcome of plant–pollinator interactions, contributing to variations in pollination effectiveness among different pollinators.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae033
Daniela M Alves, Letícia S Souto, Ingrid Koch
Apocynaceae is one of the richest flowering plant families, and the complexity of their reproductive structures and morphological diversity of the flowers has been considered central to understanding its evolutionary success and diversification. However, the diversity of its embryological characters is poorly known, especially in taxa that are early diverging in the family, such as the Aspidospermateae tribe. Moreover, the knowledge gap on early divergent taxa forbids the reconstruction of evolutionary trends in Apocynaceae. Here, we investigated the anther wall and pollen development of five species of Aspidosperma using conventional plant anatomy techniques. We found that the primary conditions for the Aspidosperma species are fibrous endothecium, middle layer, and secretory tapetum having one-layered and uninucleate cells, besides simultaneous cytokinesis. We also found pollen grains 4–6 colporate, alternately with pseudocolporate in all the species, with ridges formed by the thickened inequal deposition of the infratectum layer in the exine that delimits aperture regions. The differentiated deposition of exine confers a distinctive appearance to pollen grains and appears to be associated with the hydration/dehydration process during pollination. Similar deposition patterns have been identified in other genera within the tribe Aspidospermateae, suggesting that it may constitute a synapomorphy for the tribe.
{"title":"Anther wall and pollen development in Aspidosperma Mart & Zucc. (Apocynaceae)","authors":"Daniela M Alves, Letícia S Souto, Ingrid Koch","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae033","url":null,"abstract":"Apocynaceae is one of the richest flowering plant families, and the complexity of their reproductive structures and morphological diversity of the flowers has been considered central to understanding its evolutionary success and diversification. However, the diversity of its embryological characters is poorly known, especially in taxa that are early diverging in the family, such as the Aspidospermateae tribe. Moreover, the knowledge gap on early divergent taxa forbids the reconstruction of evolutionary trends in Apocynaceae. Here, we investigated the anther wall and pollen development of five species of Aspidosperma using conventional plant anatomy techniques. We found that the primary conditions for the Aspidosperma species are fibrous endothecium, middle layer, and secretory tapetum having one-layered and uninucleate cells, besides simultaneous cytokinesis. We also found pollen grains 4–6 colporate, alternately with pseudocolporate in all the species, with ridges formed by the thickened inequal deposition of the infratectum layer in the exine that delimits aperture regions. The differentiated deposition of exine confers a distinctive appearance to pollen grains and appears to be associated with the hydration/dehydration process during pollination. Similar deposition patterns have been identified in other genera within the tribe Aspidospermateae, suggesting that it may constitute a synapomorphy for the tribe.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae034
Junyi Ding, Donglai Hua, Yuangui Wei, Linmei Yao, Nian Wang
Understanding the genomic composition of endangered species across its populations is important for conservation and management. Betula microphylla, an endangered species in Northwest China, grows in close proximity to B. tianshanica and B. pendula. However, whether populations of B. microphylla are genetically distinct or introgressed from B. tianshanica and B. pendula remains less clear. Here, we included restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) data for 135 individuals of B. microphylla, B. tianshanica, and B. pendula with RAD data of 87 individuals generated in this study. PCA results identify three genetic clusters, corresponding to B. pendula, B. tianshanica, and B. microphylla. ADMIXTURE analyses show two admixed populations of B. microphylla from B. tianshanica and one admixed population from B. pendula. ABBA-BABA test indicates that the genetic admixture in B. microphylla reflects significant signals of introgression from B. tianshanica and B. pendula. Furthermore, we identified 378 functional genes within the introgressed regions with eight genes related to environmental stress. Conservation strategies to protect genetically distinct populations of B. microphylla from genetic swamping by B. pendula need to be implemented. In addition, ex situ conservation of B. microphylla and conservation efforts towards B. tianshanica should be taken into consideration as the two may represent sister taxa or different subspecies.
了解濒危物种不同种群的基因组组成对于保护和管理非常重要。微叶桦树是中国西北地区的一个濒危物种，与天山桦和垂叶桦树生长在很近的地方。然而，微叶桦树的种群在遗传上是否与天山桦树和垂叶桦树截然不同，或者是从天山桦树和垂叶桦树引种而来，目前还不太清楚。在本研究中，我们纳入了 135 个小叶悬铃木、天山悬铃木和垂叶悬铃木个体的限制性位点相关 DNA（RAD）数据，以及 87 个个体的 RAD 数据。PCA 结果确定了三个基因群，分别对应于 B.pendula、B. tianshanica 和 B.microphylla。ADMIXTURE 分析表明，微花蝙蝠蛾有两个来自 B. tianshanica 的混交种群，一个来自 B. pendula 的混交种群。ABBA-BABA检验表明，B. microphylla 的遗传混杂反映了来自 B. tianshanica 和 B. pendula 的显著引种信号。此外，我们在引种区域内发现了 378 个功能基因，其中 8 个基因与环境压力有关。我们需要实施保护策略，以保护基因独特的小叶女贞（B. microphylla）种群免受垂叶女贞（B. pendula）基因的侵袭。此外，应考虑对小叶女贞（B. microphylla）的异地保护和对天山童姥（B. tianshanica）的保护工作，因为两者可能是姊妹类群或不同的亚种。
{"title":"Widespread gene flow from Betula tianshanica and Betula pendula to Betula microphylla: a rare species from Northwest China","authors":"Junyi Ding, Donglai Hua, Yuangui Wei, Linmei Yao, Nian Wang","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Understanding the genomic composition of endangered species across its populations is important for conservation and management. Betula microphylla, an endangered species in Northwest China, grows in close proximity to B. tianshanica and B. pendula. However, whether populations of B. microphylla are genetically distinct or introgressed from B. tianshanica and B. pendula remains less clear. Here, we included restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) data for 135 individuals of B. microphylla, B. tianshanica, and B. pendula with RAD data of 87 individuals generated in this study. PCA results identify three genetic clusters, corresponding to B. pendula, B. tianshanica, and B. microphylla. ADMIXTURE analyses show two admixed populations of B. microphylla from B. tianshanica and one admixed population from B. pendula. ABBA-BABA test indicates that the genetic admixture in B. microphylla reflects significant signals of introgression from B. tianshanica and B. pendula. Furthermore, we identified 378 functional genes within the introgressed regions with eight genes related to environmental stress. Conservation strategies to protect genetically distinct populations of B. microphylla from genetic swamping by B. pendula need to be implemented. In addition, ex situ conservation of B. microphylla and conservation efforts towards B. tianshanica should be taken into consideration as the two may represent sister taxa or different subspecies.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae029
Kevin L Davies, Małgorzata Stpiczyńska, Richard A Ludlow, Louise Wheaton, Danilo Aros, Frank Hailer, Carsten T Müller, Hilary J Rogers
Bulbophyllum is the most species-rich orchid genus. Recent molecular data groups certain of its species into a monophyletic ‘Cirrhopetalum alliance’. Within this alliance are a monophyletic section Cirrhopetaloides and a non-monophyletic section Cirrhopetalum. Floral morphology and scent are partially conserved phylogenetically compared to the molecular data. Here, floral morphology, histochemistry, anatomy, and floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of selected Bulbophyllum species are analysed to assess whether there are structural or chemical differences that support separation into the two sections, to update available VOC data from this genus, and to consider evolutionary adaptations in the ‘Cirrhopetalum alliance’. We found that ‘Cirrhopetalum alliance’ flowers differ from some sections of Bulbophyllum in the structure of cells lining the longitudinal groove on the labellum or lip and report, for the first time in Bulbophyllum, a type of atypical oleiferous trichome probably involved in VOC production. We show a clear difference in floral VOC profiles between B. bicolor (sect. Cirrhopetaloides) and four other Bulbophyllum species, three previously assigned to sect. Cirrhopetalum, but VOC profiles do not support separation into the two sections. The lack of congruence between already established molecular phylogeny, floral anatomy, and VOC data suggests that VOC differences are due to recently and independently evolved pollinator specificity. We therefore show that there is no clear separation of these sections based on floral anatomy, histochemistry, or VOC profiles.
{"title":"Floral structure, histochemistry, and volatile compounds in Bulbophyllum species of the ‘Cirrhopetalum alliance’ (Orchidaceae)","authors":"Kevin L Davies, Małgorzata Stpiczyńska, Richard A Ludlow, Louise Wheaton, Danilo Aros, Frank Hailer, Carsten T Müller, Hilary J Rogers","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae029","url":null,"abstract":"Bulbophyllum is the most species-rich orchid genus. Recent molecular data groups certain of its species into a monophyletic ‘Cirrhopetalum alliance’. Within this alliance are a monophyletic section Cirrhopetaloides and a non-monophyletic section Cirrhopetalum. Floral morphology and scent are partially conserved phylogenetically compared to the molecular data. Here, floral morphology, histochemistry, anatomy, and floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of selected Bulbophyllum species are analysed to assess whether there are structural or chemical differences that support separation into the two sections, to update available VOC data from this genus, and to consider evolutionary adaptations in the ‘Cirrhopetalum alliance’. We found that ‘Cirrhopetalum alliance’ flowers differ from some sections of Bulbophyllum in the structure of cells lining the longitudinal groove on the labellum or lip and report, for the first time in Bulbophyllum, a type of atypical oleiferous trichome probably involved in VOC production. We show a clear difference in floral VOC profiles between B. bicolor (sect. Cirrhopetaloides) and four other Bulbophyllum species, three previously assigned to sect. Cirrhopetalum, but VOC profiles do not support separation into the two sections. The lack of congruence between already established molecular phylogeny, floral anatomy, and VOC data suggests that VOC differences are due to recently and independently evolved pollinator specificity. We therefore show that there is no clear separation of these sections based on floral anatomy, histochemistry, or VOC profiles.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae024
Stanislaw K Wawrzyczek, Robert A Davis, Siegfried L Krauss, Susan E Hoebee, Louis M Ashton, Ryan D Phillips
Vertebrate pollination has evolved in many plant lineages, with pollination by birds the most prevalent strategy. However, in Banksia (Proteaceae) many species are visited by a combination of nectarivorous birds, non-flying mammals (NFMs), and insects, though the relative importance of these pollen vectors for reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the contribution to fruit set of birds, NFMs, and insects in Banksia catoglypta—a heathland shrub from south-west Australia. This species flowers in winter and produces large, golden-yellow inflorescences that are typically presented near the ground and consist of rigid, strongly scented flowers with a long stigma-nectary distance—suggesting pollination by vertebrates. The primary floral visitors were white-cheeked honeyeaters (Phylidonyris niger), honey possums (Tarsipes rostratus), house mice (Mus musculus), and introduced European honeybees (Apis mellifera), all of which carried B. catoglypta pollen. Banksia catoglypta was found to be obligately outcrossing with no evidence of pollen limitation. Selective exclusion of flying pollinators revealed that inflorescences pollinated solely by NFMs produced 50% fewer fruit than open-pollinated controls. Therefore, while mammals are pollinators of B. catoglypta, they may contribute comparatively little to fruit set in some Banksia species displaying floral traits considered adaptations to NFM pollination. Exclusion of vertebrate pollinators had no effect on fruit set, demonstrating that European honeybees can be effective pollinators of some primarily vertebrate-pollinated plants.
{"title":"Pollination by birds, non-flying mammals, and European honeybees in a heathland shrub, Banksia catoglypta (Proteaceae)","authors":"Stanislaw K Wawrzyczek, Robert A Davis, Siegfried L Krauss, Susan E Hoebee, Louis M Ashton, Ryan D Phillips","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae024","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebrate pollination has evolved in many plant lineages, with pollination by birds the most prevalent strategy. However, in Banksia (Proteaceae) many species are visited by a combination of nectarivorous birds, non-flying mammals (NFMs), and insects, though the relative importance of these pollen vectors for reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the contribution to fruit set of birds, NFMs, and insects in Banksia catoglypta—a heathland shrub from south-west Australia. This species flowers in winter and produces large, golden-yellow inflorescences that are typically presented near the ground and consist of rigid, strongly scented flowers with a long stigma-nectary distance—suggesting pollination by vertebrates. The primary floral visitors were white-cheeked honeyeaters (Phylidonyris niger), honey possums (Tarsipes rostratus), house mice (Mus musculus), and introduced European honeybees (Apis mellifera), all of which carried B. catoglypta pollen. Banksia catoglypta was found to be obligately outcrossing with no evidence of pollen limitation. Selective exclusion of flying pollinators revealed that inflorescences pollinated solely by NFMs produced 50% fewer fruit than open-pollinated controls. Therefore, while mammals are pollinators of B. catoglypta, they may contribute comparatively little to fruit set in some Banksia species displaying floral traits considered adaptations to NFM pollination. Exclusion of vertebrate pollinators had no effect on fruit set, demonstrating that European honeybees can be effective pollinators of some primarily vertebrate-pollinated plants.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae025
M R Gostel, Benoit Loeuille, Mariana Henriques Santana, Carol L Kelloff, Raymund Chan, Ana Rita Giraldes Simões, Isabel Larridon, Vicki A Funk
Distephanus Cass. comprises 43 distinctive species of shrubs and small trees that have been placed historically within the ironweed tribe, Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Using the most expansive sampling of Distephanus to date, this study aims to test the monophyly of this genus and facilitate its classification. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted using four molecular markers from the nuclear and plastid genomes. These data also supported divergence dating analyses that were performed to understand the timing of diversification events within Distephanus and other related genera as well as ancestral area reconstruction analyses to infer the biogegraphic history of species diversity in this group. Results from this study indicate that, as currently circumscribed, Vernonieae is not monophyletic and that Distephanus is, in fact, sister to a clade that comprises Vernonieae and another tribe, Moquinieae, which only includes two species restricted to Brazil. On the basis of these findings, Distephanus is classified in a new tribe that we describe here, Distephaneae. This new tribe comprises 41 species of Distephanus that are easily distinguished from Moquinieae and Vernonieae based on the presence of florets with yellow corollas and trinervate leaves.
{"title":"Molecular phylogenetics of Distephanus supports the recognition of a new tribe, Distephaneae (Asteraceae)","authors":"M R Gostel, Benoit Loeuille, Mariana Henriques Santana, Carol L Kelloff, Raymund Chan, Ana Rita Giraldes Simões, Isabel Larridon, Vicki A Funk","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae025","url":null,"abstract":"Distephanus Cass. comprises 43 distinctive species of shrubs and small trees that have been placed historically within the ironweed tribe, Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Using the most expansive sampling of Distephanus to date, this study aims to test the monophyly of this genus and facilitate its classification. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted using four molecular markers from the nuclear and plastid genomes. These data also supported divergence dating analyses that were performed to understand the timing of diversification events within Distephanus and other related genera as well as ancestral area reconstruction analyses to infer the biogegraphic history of species diversity in this group. Results from this study indicate that, as currently circumscribed, Vernonieae is not monophyletic and that Distephanus is, in fact, sister to a clade that comprises Vernonieae and another tribe, Moquinieae, which only includes two species restricted to Brazil. On the basis of these findings, Distephanus is classified in a new tribe that we describe here, Distephaneae. This new tribe comprises 41 species of Distephanus that are easily distinguished from Moquinieae and Vernonieae based on the presence of florets with yellow corollas and trinervate leaves.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-04DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae028
Zhongcheng Liu, Shiou Yih Lee, Ching-Long Yeh, Leonid V Averyanov, Wenbo Liao, Kenji Suetsugu
Subtribe Calypsoinae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) comprises several fully mycoheterotrophic species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that full mycoheterotrophy has evolved independently at least four times within this group, including the Yoania clade. The taxonomic classification of Yoania species has been challenging. Therefore, to understand the plastomic degeneration during the evolution of mycoheterotrophy and to uncover the phylogenetic relationship within Yoania, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using eight specimens representing all six recognized Yoania taxa from the complete plastome and partial ribosomal DNA (rDNA) operon sequence (ETS–18S–ITS1–5.8S–ITS2–26S). Among the Calypsoinae taxa examined, Yoania possessed the shortest plastome, ranging from 43 998 to 44 940 bp. Comparative analysis of the plastomes revealed a relatively conserved gene structure, content, and order, with species-level sequence variation (in the form of indels) primarily observed in the intergenic spacer regions. Plastomic gene-block inversions were observed between Yoania and Danxiaorchis singchiana, but not between Yoania and other related genera. Phylogenetic analyses based on the plastome and rDNA data strongly supported the monophyletic placement of Yoania within Calypsoinae, and indicated substantial molecular divergence between Yoania and other Calypsoinae taxa. Yoania can thus be considered genetically isolated from the other Calypsoinae taxa.
{"title":"Plastome analysis elucidates the phylogenetic placement of the mycoheterotrophic genus Yoania (Orchidaceae) and its plastomic degeneration during the evolution of mycoheterotrophy","authors":"Zhongcheng Liu, Shiou Yih Lee, Ching-Long Yeh, Leonid V Averyanov, Wenbo Liao, Kenji Suetsugu","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae028","url":null,"abstract":"Subtribe Calypsoinae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) comprises several fully mycoheterotrophic species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that full mycoheterotrophy has evolved independently at least four times within this group, including the Yoania clade. The taxonomic classification of Yoania species has been challenging. Therefore, to understand the plastomic degeneration during the evolution of mycoheterotrophy and to uncover the phylogenetic relationship within Yoania, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using eight specimens representing all six recognized Yoania taxa from the complete plastome and partial ribosomal DNA (rDNA) operon sequence (ETS–18S–ITS1–5.8S–ITS2–26S). Among the Calypsoinae taxa examined, Yoania possessed the shortest plastome, ranging from 43 998 to 44 940 bp. Comparative analysis of the plastomes revealed a relatively conserved gene structure, content, and order, with species-level sequence variation (in the form of indels) primarily observed in the intergenic spacer regions. Plastomic gene-block inversions were observed between Yoania and Danxiaorchis singchiana, but not between Yoania and other related genera. Phylogenetic analyses based on the plastome and rDNA data strongly supported the monophyletic placement of Yoania within Calypsoinae, and indicated substantial molecular divergence between Yoania and other Calypsoinae taxa. Yoania can thus be considered genetically isolated from the other Calypsoinae taxa.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140829358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：