Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad032
Farzaneh Habibi, Sergei L Mosyakin, Oleksandr I Shynder, Karol Krak, Dijana Čortan, Gabrielle A Filippi, Bohumil Mandák
Abstract In 2020, S. Mosyakin and B. Mandák described a new species from the Chenopodium album aggregate, C. ucrainicum. The description of the species was based mainly on its distinct morphological characters. This study aims to improve our understanding of C. ucrainicum by combining karyological, cytological, molecular, and distribution information. All analyses demonstrated that C. ucrainicum is closely related to C. ficifolium and C. suecicum, the species with the ‘BB’ subgenome. It has the same diploid number of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 18), has very similar genome size (mean ± SD, 1.865 ± 0.026 pg), and is included in the same haplogroup together with polyploid species with the subgenome combination ‘BBDD’. Nevertheless, the haplotype of C. ucrainicum is unique and is not shared with any known closely related species, indicating that the species is very well delimited from other related taxa. A similar result was obtained by RAD-seq data. This finding is particularly significant because species with the ‘BB’ genome played an integral part in the evolution of several allopolyploid taxa, some of which are widespread weeds (C. album s.s., C. berlandieri) or economically important species (C. quinoa). Morphologically, the closest species remains C. suecicum, which is, however, very well genetically differentiated.
2020年，S. Mosyakin和B. Mandák报道了Chenopodium album aggregate中的一个新种C. ucrainicum。对该物种的描述主要基于其独特的形态特征。本研究旨在结合核学、细胞学、分子和分布等方面的信息，提高我们对乌克兰弧菌的认识。结果表明，C. ucrainicum与具有BB亚基因组的C. ficifolium和C. suecicum亲缘关系较近。它具有相同的二倍体染色体数目(2n = 2x = 18)，具有非常相似的基因组大小(平均值±SD, 1.865±0.026 pg)，并与具有亚基因组组合“BBDD”的多倍体物种包括在同一个单倍群中。然而，C. ucrainicum的单倍型是独特的，并且没有与任何已知的近缘物种共享，这表明该物种与其他相关分类群有很好的区分。RAD-seq数据也得到了类似的结果。这一发现具有特别重要的意义，因为具有“BB”基因组的物种在几个异源多倍体分类群的进化中发挥了不可或缺的作用，其中一些是广泛分布的杂草(C. album s.s, C. berlandieri)或经济上重要的物种(C. quinoa)。在形态上，最接近的物种仍然是C. suecicum，然而，这是非常好的遗传分化。
{"title":"<i>Chenopodium ucrainicum</i> (Amaranthaceae), a new ‘BB’ genome diploid species: karyological, cytological, and molecular evidence","authors":"Farzaneh Habibi, Sergei L Mosyakin, Oleksandr I Shynder, Karol Krak, Dijana Čortan, Gabrielle A Filippi, Bohumil Mandák","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2020, S. Mosyakin and B. Mandák described a new species from the Chenopodium album aggregate, C. ucrainicum. The description of the species was based mainly on its distinct morphological characters. This study aims to improve our understanding of C. ucrainicum by combining karyological, cytological, molecular, and distribution information. All analyses demonstrated that C. ucrainicum is closely related to C. ficifolium and C. suecicum, the species with the ‘BB’ subgenome. It has the same diploid number of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 18), has very similar genome size (mean ± SD, 1.865 ± 0.026 pg), and is included in the same haplogroup together with polyploid species with the subgenome combination ‘BBDD’. Nevertheless, the haplotype of C. ucrainicum is unique and is not shared with any known closely related species, indicating that the species is very well delimited from other related taxa. A similar result was obtained by RAD-seq data. This finding is particularly significant because species with the ‘BB’ genome played an integral part in the evolution of several allopolyploid taxa, some of which are widespread weeds (C. album s.s., C. berlandieri) or economically important species (C. quinoa). Morphologically, the closest species remains C. suecicum, which is, however, very well genetically differentiated.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad054
Dora Yovana Barrios-Leal, Rodolpho S T Menezes, Daniela Zappi, Maura Helena Manfrin
Abstract The Caatinga biogeographical region, located in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, is characterized by high levels of cactus diversity and endemism. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, differentiation, and phylogeography of three Tacinga species (Tacinga inamoena, Tacinga subcylindrica, and Tacinga palmadora), which are endemic and widely distributed in the Caatinga. We collected 222 samples from 108 locations and used plastid (3ʹrps16-5ʹtrnK, PsbE-PetL) and nuclear (PhyC) molecular markers for a multilocus approach. Our results suggest that diversification of the three Tacinga species occurred during the middle Pleistocene, with the Southern Sertaneja Depression ecoregion of the Caatinga being identified as the ancestral area. Interestingly, analyses of genetic structure did not show any evidence that the major river in the region (the Sao Francisco River) and the Caatinga ecoregions acted as biogeographical barriers for gene flow in these species. This suggests that the three Tacinga species exhibited different responses to widely accepted geographical and geomorphological barriers known to affect other taxonomic groups in the Caatinga. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the biogeographical history of the Caatinga and the factors that have shaped diversification and genetic structure of species in this region. Our study underlines the importance of considering the unique natural history and biological characteristics of individual taxonomic groups when investigating the biogeography of the Caatinga.
{"title":"Unravelling the genetic diversity and population dynamics of three <i>Tacinga</i> species (Cactaceae: Opuntioideae) in the Caatinga","authors":"Dora Yovana Barrios-Leal, Rodolpho S T Menezes, Daniela Zappi, Maura Helena Manfrin","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad054","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Caatinga biogeographical region, located in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, is characterized by high levels of cactus diversity and endemism. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, differentiation, and phylogeography of three Tacinga species (Tacinga inamoena, Tacinga subcylindrica, and Tacinga palmadora), which are endemic and widely distributed in the Caatinga. We collected 222 samples from 108 locations and used plastid (3ʹrps16-5ʹtrnK, PsbE-PetL) and nuclear (PhyC) molecular markers for a multilocus approach. Our results suggest that diversification of the three Tacinga species occurred during the middle Pleistocene, with the Southern Sertaneja Depression ecoregion of the Caatinga being identified as the ancestral area. Interestingly, analyses of genetic structure did not show any evidence that the major river in the region (the Sao Francisco River) and the Caatinga ecoregions acted as biogeographical barriers for gene flow in these species. This suggests that the three Tacinga species exhibited different responses to widely accepted geographical and geomorphological barriers known to affect other taxonomic groups in the Caatinga. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the biogeographical history of the Caatinga and the factors that have shaped diversification and genetic structure of species in this region. Our study underlines the importance of considering the unique natural history and biological characteristics of individual taxonomic groups when investigating the biogeography of the Caatinga.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad056
{"title":"Correction to: Systematics and biogeography of Oleaceae subtribe Schreberinae, with recircumscription and revision of the Malagasy members","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad050
Nicolás Rocamundi, Marina Arce Miller, Constanza C Maubecin, Carlos Martel, Marcela Moré, Adriana Marvaldi, Andrea A Cocucci
Abstract Flowers of most Piperales do not reward pollinators. However, a few mutualistic pollination relationships have been proposed among the perianth-bearing species. To test the hypothesis of a mutualistic relationship between Prosopanche and beetle pollinators, we studied the pollination biology of three species (P. americana, P. bonacinae, P. panguanensis). For all three species, we recorded flower visitors and flower volatile organic compounds (VOCSs). In addition, for P. americana we investigated flower phases, thermogenesis, visitors’ behaviour, and viability of transported pollen. Using a behavioural experiment, we identified the role of flower heat and fragrance in pollinator attraction. We recorded Neopocadius nitiduloides and Lasiodactylus sp. sap beetles (Nitidulidae) as main pollinators and Hydnorobius hydnorae and H. helleri weevils (Belidae) as occasional pollinators. Thermogenic female flowers heat up to 8°C above the ambient temperature. Flowers only trap the small-sized sap beetles. Methyl-3-methyl-2-butenoate dominated the VOC profile. This was a powerful attractant for sap beetles in controlled bioassays. We conclude that pollination in Prosopanche is mutualistic. This was observed through a pollinator-size-based access limit to the stigmatic chamber and a strong olfactory attractant. Mutualism in Prosopanche therefore contrasts with that of most perianth-bearing Piperales, suggesting it is a novel pollination relationship in early-diverging angiosperms.
大多数花椒属植物的花不奖励传粉者。然而，在花被种之间已经提出了一些相互传粉的关系。为了验证甲虫传粉者与美洲大蠊之间存在共生关系的假设，我们对美洲大蠊、bonacinae大蠊和panguanensis大蠊的传粉生物学进行了研究。我们记录了三种植物的访花量和挥发性有机化合物(vocs)。此外，我们还研究了美洲蓟花的花期、产热、访客行为和花粉的活力。通过行为实验，我们确定了花的热量和香味在吸引传粉者中的作用。主要传粉媒介为Neopocadius nitiduloides和Lasiodactylus sp. sap beetles (Nitidulidae)，偶有传粉媒介为hydronorobius hydronorae和H. helleri象鼻虫(Belidae)。产热雌花的温度比环境温度高8°C。花只会困住小型的树汁甲虫。甲基-3-甲基-2-丁烯酸酯主导VOC谱。在控制生物测定中，这是一种强有力的引诱剂。我们得出结论，原石楠属植物的传粉是相互作用的。这是通过基于传粉媒介大小的进入柱头室的限制和强嗅觉引诱剂观察到的。因此，与大多数有花被的花椒属植物相比，原花椒属植物的相互作用形成了鲜明对比，表明这是早期分化被子植物中一种新的传粉关系。
{"title":"While <i>Prosopanche</i> (Hydnoraceae) flowers gently heat: mutualistic pollination relationships among the perianth-bearing Piperales","authors":"Nicolás Rocamundi, Marina Arce Miller, Constanza C Maubecin, Carlos Martel, Marcela Moré, Adriana Marvaldi, Andrea A Cocucci","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Flowers of most Piperales do not reward pollinators. However, a few mutualistic pollination relationships have been proposed among the perianth-bearing species. To test the hypothesis of a mutualistic relationship between Prosopanche and beetle pollinators, we studied the pollination biology of three species (P. americana, P. bonacinae, P. panguanensis). For all three species, we recorded flower visitors and flower volatile organic compounds (VOCSs). In addition, for P. americana we investigated flower phases, thermogenesis, visitors’ behaviour, and viability of transported pollen. Using a behavioural experiment, we identified the role of flower heat and fragrance in pollinator attraction. We recorded Neopocadius nitiduloides and Lasiodactylus sp. sap beetles (Nitidulidae) as main pollinators and Hydnorobius hydnorae and H. helleri weevils (Belidae) as occasional pollinators. Thermogenic female flowers heat up to 8°C above the ambient temperature. Flowers only trap the small-sized sap beetles. Methyl-3-methyl-2-butenoate dominated the VOC profile. This was a powerful attractant for sap beetles in controlled bioassays. We conclude that pollination in Prosopanche is mutualistic. This was observed through a pollinator-size-based access limit to the stigmatic chamber and a strong olfactory attractant. Mutualism in Prosopanche therefore contrasts with that of most perianth-bearing Piperales, suggesting it is a novel pollination relationship in early-diverging angiosperms.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad034
Bee F Gunn, Daniel J Murphy, Neville G Walsh, John G Conran, J Chris Pires, Terry D Macfarlane, Michael D Crisp, Lyn G Cook, Joanne L Birch
Abstract Lomandra is the largest genus in Asparagaceae subfamily Lomandroideae and possesses economic, ecological, and ethnobotanical significance in Australia. Lomandra comprises four sections, L. section Capitatae, L. section Macrostachya, L. section Typhopsis and L. section Lomandra, the latter comprising series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae, all recognized based solely on morphology. In this study, phylogenetic relationships were estimated for 79 Lomandroideae individuals, including 45 Lomandra species and subspecies (c. 63% of species and subspecies diversity). We generated genome-scale plastome sequence data and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria for phylogenetic estimation. Lomandra was non-monophyletic, with Xerolirion divaricata nested within it. Two major clades were recovered: Capitatae–Macrostachya (CM) and Lomandra–Typhopsis (LT). The CM clade included a monophyletic Lomandra section Capitatae with a base chromosome number x = 7, and L. section Macrostachya (x = 8); the LT clade included L. sections Typhopsis and Lomandra, both x = 8. Section Lomandra series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae were both recovered as non-monophyletic. Morphological characters were assessed to identify combinations of characters that characterize clades. A base chromosome number of x = 8 was plesiomorphic for Lomandra. The largest number of Lomandra species occupy the Mediterranean ecoregion and occupancy of sclerophyll vegetation was reconstructed as ancestral for the genus.
{"title":"Genomic data resolve phylogenetic relationships of Australian mat-rushes, <i>Lomandra</i> (Asparagaceae: Lomandroideae)","authors":"Bee F Gunn, Daniel J Murphy, Neville G Walsh, John G Conran, J Chris Pires, Terry D Macfarlane, Michael D Crisp, Lyn G Cook, Joanne L Birch","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lomandra is the largest genus in Asparagaceae subfamily Lomandroideae and possesses economic, ecological, and ethnobotanical significance in Australia. Lomandra comprises four sections, L. section Capitatae, L. section Macrostachya, L. section Typhopsis and L. section Lomandra, the latter comprising series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae, all recognized based solely on morphology. In this study, phylogenetic relationships were estimated for 79 Lomandroideae individuals, including 45 Lomandra species and subspecies (c. 63% of species and subspecies diversity). We generated genome-scale plastome sequence data and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria for phylogenetic estimation. Lomandra was non-monophyletic, with Xerolirion divaricata nested within it. Two major clades were recovered: Capitatae–Macrostachya (CM) and Lomandra–Typhopsis (LT). The CM clade included a monophyletic Lomandra section Capitatae with a base chromosome number x = 7, and L. section Macrostachya (x = 8); the LT clade included L. sections Typhopsis and Lomandra, both x = 8. Section Lomandra series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae were both recovered as non-monophyletic. Morphological characters were assessed to identify combinations of characters that characterize clades. A base chromosome number of x = 8 was plesiomorphic for Lomandra. The largest number of Lomandra species occupy the Mediterranean ecoregion and occupancy of sclerophyll vegetation was reconstructed as ancestral for the genus.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad048
Alexander E Zavialov, Margarita V Remizowa
Abstract Acer negundo L. is a wind-pollinated, dioecious tree that occasionally produces flowers with rudiments of the opposite sex. Both the male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers possess only two whorls: sepals and stamens or carpels, the arrangement of which is disputed. Here we present data on inflorescence and floral development, pollen fertility in staminodes and the diversity of male and female flowers. We found that the merism of male flowers is unstable, and the numbers of stamens and sepals vary independently. The different floral groundplans always occur within the inflorescences of the same generative shoot. The development of a flower begins with the initiation of sepals, but in female flowers, sepals are initiated sequentially and remain of different sizes, whereas in male flowers, sepals are initiated almost simultaneously and are equal. After the appearance of stamen primordia or carpel primordia, a part of the undifferentiated meristem remains. This unused meristem can be involved in producing staminodes or pistillodia. Both unisexual and (partly) bisexual flowers are found in the same inflorescence. Staminodes are either completely sterile or produce some amount of viable pollen. These features indicate the possibility of functional bisexuality in A. negundo.
{"title":"Unstable patterns of flower structure and development in the almost dioecious species <i>Acer negundo</i> (Sapindaceae, Sapindales)","authors":"Alexander E Zavialov, Margarita V Remizowa","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acer negundo L. is a wind-pollinated, dioecious tree that occasionally produces flowers with rudiments of the opposite sex. Both the male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers possess only two whorls: sepals and stamens or carpels, the arrangement of which is disputed. Here we present data on inflorescence and floral development, pollen fertility in staminodes and the diversity of male and female flowers. We found that the merism of male flowers is unstable, and the numbers of stamens and sepals vary independently. The different floral groundplans always occur within the inflorescences of the same generative shoot. The development of a flower begins with the initiation of sepals, but in female flowers, sepals are initiated sequentially and remain of different sizes, whereas in male flowers, sepals are initiated almost simultaneously and are equal. After the appearance of stamen primordia or carpel primordia, a part of the undifferentiated meristem remains. This unused meristem can be involved in producing staminodes or pistillodia. Both unisexual and (partly) bisexual flowers are found in the same inflorescence. Staminodes are either completely sterile or produce some amount of viable pollen. These features indicate the possibility of functional bisexuality in A. negundo.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad037
Érica Mangaravite, Thamyres Cardoso da Silveira, Christina Cleo Vinson, Marcelo Leandro Bueno, Roberta dos Santos Silva, Maria Antonia Carniello, Joseph W Veldman, Magali Gonçalves Garcia, Luiz Orlando de Oliveira
Abstract The understanding of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships within the genus Anadenanthera Speg. (Fabaceae) is limited. Brenan’s classification recognized four species, but Altschul’s classification currently recognizes only two species, each with two varieties. Both classifications were based solely on morphology. We analysed molecular data from 283 specimens using 12 SSRs and 186 specimens using ITS sequence data. The results showed that neither SSR-based genotyping nor ITS-based phylogeny supported Altschul’s classification. Instead, they provided evidence of four reproductively isolated taxa and a single clade corresponding to one of Altschul’s varieties. Additionally, ecological niche modelling (ENM) investigated the influence of past climate on the geographic distribution of Anadenanthera. The ENM results suggest that the ‘varieties’ may have occupied different regions of South America with distinct paleoclimates. On the basis of these findings, the authors suggest recognizing four species, as per Brenan’s original classification.
{"title":"Unlocking the secret diversity of <i>Anadenanthera</i>: insights from molecular genetics of four evolving species","authors":"Érica Mangaravite, Thamyres Cardoso da Silveira, Christina Cleo Vinson, Marcelo Leandro Bueno, Roberta dos Santos Silva, Maria Antonia Carniello, Joseph W Veldman, Magali Gonçalves Garcia, Luiz Orlando de Oliveira","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The understanding of genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships within the genus Anadenanthera Speg. (Fabaceae) is limited. Brenan’s classification recognized four species, but Altschul’s classification currently recognizes only two species, each with two varieties. Both classifications were based solely on morphology. We analysed molecular data from 283 specimens using 12 SSRs and 186 specimens using ITS sequence data. The results showed that neither SSR-based genotyping nor ITS-based phylogeny supported Altschul’s classification. Instead, they provided evidence of four reproductively isolated taxa and a single clade corresponding to one of Altschul’s varieties. Additionally, ecological niche modelling (ENM) investigated the influence of past climate on the geographic distribution of Anadenanthera. The ENM results suggest that the ‘varieties’ may have occupied different regions of South America with distinct paleoclimates. On the basis of these findings, the authors suggest recognizing four species, as per Brenan’s original classification.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135393399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad047
João de Deus Vidal, Christine B Schmitt, Ingrid Koch
Abstract Brazilian moist forests and savannas are some of the most species-rich biomes in the Neotropics. In the transition zones between these regions, ecotones often accumulate even higher taxonomic diversity. However, whether these ecotonal communities consist of overlapping species widespread from the neighbouring biomes or a specific set of locally adapted species still needs to be clarified. Regional differences in species richness may be influenced by factors such as species' environmental tolerances, life forms, or species’ range sizes. To investigate the species richness found in ecotones, we used the ‘milk-weed’ family (Apocynaceae), which comprises both widespread and narrowly distributed trees, lianas, and shrubs, as a model to evaluate if (i) their observed richness in ecotones is promoted by widespread species or by locally adapted species; (ii) trees, lianas, and shrubs show different richness patterns in savannas, ecotones, and forests; and (iii) species found in ecotones have broader environmental tolerances than other species in the family. We used a taxonomically curated georeferenced dataset to compare the range sizes of 643 species of Apocynaceae from 73 genera listed for Brazil, comprising 298 species with a liana life form and 345 trees, herbs, or shrubs. We recorded 335 predominantly forest species, 56 savanna species, and 152 ecotone species, for which we quantified species richness, areas of occurrence, precipitation, and temperature ranges and tested for differences in range sizes and environmental tolerances between habits and ecoregions. Our results indicate that (i) Apocynaceae species occurring in ecotones have wider geographical ranges than species not occurring in ecotones; (ii) lianas showed higher area-weighted richness in ecotones than other life forms; and (iii) species found in ecotones had broader environmental tolerances than species restricted to moist forests or savannas. These results indicate that the species richness found in ecotones between savannas and moist forests in Brazil is not necessarily a consequence of higher endemism and local adaptation but may also be a result of overlapping ranges of widespread species typically associated with neighbouring biomes. Together, our findings add to our understanding of ecotones and biomes as continuous, gradual biogeographical transitions instead of sharply defined ecological units.
{"title":"Comparative richness patterns of range sizes and life forms of Apocynaceae along forest–savanna transitions in Brazil","authors":"João de Deus Vidal, Christine B Schmitt, Ingrid Koch","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brazilian moist forests and savannas are some of the most species-rich biomes in the Neotropics. In the transition zones between these regions, ecotones often accumulate even higher taxonomic diversity. However, whether these ecotonal communities consist of overlapping species widespread from the neighbouring biomes or a specific set of locally adapted species still needs to be clarified. Regional differences in species richness may be influenced by factors such as species' environmental tolerances, life forms, or species’ range sizes. To investigate the species richness found in ecotones, we used the ‘milk-weed’ family (Apocynaceae), which comprises both widespread and narrowly distributed trees, lianas, and shrubs, as a model to evaluate if (i) their observed richness in ecotones is promoted by widespread species or by locally adapted species; (ii) trees, lianas, and shrubs show different richness patterns in savannas, ecotones, and forests; and (iii) species found in ecotones have broader environmental tolerances than other species in the family. We used a taxonomically curated georeferenced dataset to compare the range sizes of 643 species of Apocynaceae from 73 genera listed for Brazil, comprising 298 species with a liana life form and 345 trees, herbs, or shrubs. We recorded 335 predominantly forest species, 56 savanna species, and 152 ecotone species, for which we quantified species richness, areas of occurrence, precipitation, and temperature ranges and tested for differences in range sizes and environmental tolerances between habits and ecoregions. Our results indicate that (i) Apocynaceae species occurring in ecotones have wider geographical ranges than species not occurring in ecotones; (ii) lianas showed higher area-weighted richness in ecotones than other life forms; and (iii) species found in ecotones had broader environmental tolerances than species restricted to moist forests or savannas. These results indicate that the species richness found in ecotones between savannas and moist forests in Brazil is not necessarily a consequence of higher endemism and local adaptation but may also be a result of overlapping ranges of widespread species typically associated with neighbouring biomes. Together, our findings add to our understanding of ecotones and biomes as continuous, gradual biogeographical transitions instead of sharply defined ecological units.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad043
Natália Castro, Yennifer Mata-Sucre, Jefferson Carvalho-Sobrinho, André Marques, Rubens Teixeira de Queiroz, Gustavo Souza
Abstract The Pantropical Caesalpinia group includes 225 species distributed in 27 monophyletic genera, among which Cenostigma stands out by taxonomic and phylogenetic complexity. The genus includes trees and shrubs with interspecific hybridization and high diversity in north-eastern Brazil (Caatinga domain). Detailed cytogenomic characterizations have been performed only in C. microphyllum revealing enrichment of long terminal repeats (LTR) Ty3/gypsy transposable elements (TEs) and satellite DNA (satDNA) in the heterochromatin. Here, we aimed to perform a comparative analysis of seven Northeast Brazilian species of Cenostigma using cytogenomic and genomic approaches. The comparative genomic analysis revealed repeats stability with similar TE abundance, composition, and chromosomal localization in all species. On the other hand, satDNA were highly variable in abundance, in some cases species-specific. Cytogenomic data confirmed the karyotype stability with the TE elements Athila and Tekay enriching the proximal heterochromatin. Moreover, the satDNA CemiSat163 appeared to be exclusively located on acrocentric chromosomes of the analysed species. The genomic stability in Cenostigma may be related to their relatively recent age (~13.59 Mya), long-life cycle, and/ or similarity in ecological niche among this species. We propose that the genomic stability found in Cenostigma may facilitate the natural interspecific gene flow reported in sympatric species, complicating the interpretation of its systematics and evolution.
{"title":"Genomic stability in <i>Cenostigma</i> Tul., (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae): causes and consequences","authors":"Natália Castro, Yennifer Mata-Sucre, Jefferson Carvalho-Sobrinho, André Marques, Rubens Teixeira de Queiroz, Gustavo Souza","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Pantropical Caesalpinia group includes 225 species distributed in 27 monophyletic genera, among which Cenostigma stands out by taxonomic and phylogenetic complexity. The genus includes trees and shrubs with interspecific hybridization and high diversity in north-eastern Brazil (Caatinga domain). Detailed cytogenomic characterizations have been performed only in C. microphyllum revealing enrichment of long terminal repeats (LTR) Ty3/gypsy transposable elements (TEs) and satellite DNA (satDNA) in the heterochromatin. Here, we aimed to perform a comparative analysis of seven Northeast Brazilian species of Cenostigma using cytogenomic and genomic approaches. The comparative genomic analysis revealed repeats stability with similar TE abundance, composition, and chromosomal localization in all species. On the other hand, satDNA were highly variable in abundance, in some cases species-specific. Cytogenomic data confirmed the karyotype stability with the TE elements Athila and Tekay enriching the proximal heterochromatin. Moreover, the satDNA CemiSat163 appeared to be exclusively located on acrocentric chromosomes of the analysed species. The genomic stability in Cenostigma may be related to their relatively recent age (~13.59 Mya), long-life cycle, and/ or similarity in ecological niche among this species. We propose that the genomic stability found in Cenostigma may facilitate the natural interspecific gene flow reported in sympatric species, complicating the interpretation of its systematics and evolution.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135285684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad045
Jiratthi Satthaphorn, Alan J Paton, Alexandre R Zuntini, Robyn S Cowan, Charan Leeratiwong
Abstract The infrageneric classification of the genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) has been highly problematic due to different concepts and subdivisions being applied to the treatment of Asian, Australian, and African species. Earlier molecular phylogenetic studies based on Sanger sequencing and limited sampling have indicated that previous morphology-based infrageneric classifications are not congruent with the phylogeny due to morphological convergence in many lineages. Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing provide more information allowing more robust phylogenetic reconstruction at larger scale. We present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Clerodendrum that includes representatives of all previously recognized infrageneric taxa and using targeted sequencing data obtained from the Angiosperms353 enrichment to resolve the phylogenetic relationships. In agreement with previous phylogenetic work, our phylogeny shows that Asian and Australian species form a sister clade to an African Clade. Clerodendrum is monophyletic with the exclusion of some tropical coastal species, including some Australian species, which fall within a clade containing Volkameria and New World genera. We recognize two subgenera: subgen. Clerodendrum for Asian and Australian species and the new subgen. Afroclerodendrum for African and Malagasy species. Our findings support an infrageneric classification of Clerodendrum with a total of 13 sections based on molecular phylogenetic evidence and morphology that clearly accommodate the Asian, remaining Australian, and African species. Of these, we propose three new sections: sect. Albiflora, sect. Fortunata and sect. Megaflora for clades presenting unique morphological characters. The sectional classification and taxonomic consequences are discussed.
{"title":"Phylogeny and infrageneric classification of <i>Clerodendrum</i> (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Jiratthi Satthaphorn, Alan J Paton, Alexandre R Zuntini, Robyn S Cowan, Charan Leeratiwong","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The infrageneric classification of the genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) has been highly problematic due to different concepts and subdivisions being applied to the treatment of Asian, Australian, and African species. Earlier molecular phylogenetic studies based on Sanger sequencing and limited sampling have indicated that previous morphology-based infrageneric classifications are not congruent with the phylogeny due to morphological convergence in many lineages. Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing provide more information allowing more robust phylogenetic reconstruction at larger scale. We present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Clerodendrum that includes representatives of all previously recognized infrageneric taxa and using targeted sequencing data obtained from the Angiosperms353 enrichment to resolve the phylogenetic relationships. In agreement with previous phylogenetic work, our phylogeny shows that Asian and Australian species form a sister clade to an African Clade. Clerodendrum is monophyletic with the exclusion of some tropical coastal species, including some Australian species, which fall within a clade containing Volkameria and New World genera. We recognize two subgenera: subgen. Clerodendrum for Asian and Australian species and the new subgen. Afroclerodendrum for African and Malagasy species. Our findings support an infrageneric classification of Clerodendrum with a total of 13 sections based on molecular phylogenetic evidence and morphology that clearly accommodate the Asian, remaining Australian, and African species. Of these, we propose three new sections: sect. Albiflora, sect. Fortunata and sect. Megaflora for clades presenting unique morphological characters. The sectional classification and taxonomic consequences are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135570521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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