Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae008
Mariana Fasanella, Cintia P Souto, Thomas Kitzberger, Andrea C Premoli
Plants inhabiting contrasting physical conditions might develop local adaptations overriding the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Hypotheses of local adaptation on phenotypic, genomic, and environmental variation under extreme precipitation regimes were tested in the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis. Common garden experiments on progeny and genotype-to-environment association analysis on adults were conducted. Samples consisting of seeds and leaves from adult trees were collected from contrasting dry (DF) and humid (HF) forests along a steep but short precipitation gradient. Seeds were germinated and seedlings were grown under common garden conditions for 24 months. DNA was extracted from 75 randomly selected trees from DF and HF, and genotyped by sequencing to obtain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Seedlings from HF outgrew DF ones suggesting genetically based differences. Twenty-four outlier SNP loci differed between DF and HF, whereas neutral genes (3242) showed high levels of admixture. Eight out of the 24 outlier SNPs aligned with transcripts, half of them related to drought stress responses, and principal component analysis identified four precipitation-related marker–climate associations. Quantitative and genomic traits suggested that natural selection maintains divergence under contrasting climatic conditions regardless high gene flow. This underscores the importance of dry forests as reservoirs of drought-tolerant variants to cope with forecasted climate change.
{"title":"Common garden experiments and SNP genotyping at the extremes of a steep precipitation gradient suggest local adaptation in a Patagonian conifer","authors":"Mariana Fasanella, Cintia P Souto, Thomas Kitzberger, Andrea C Premoli","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae008","url":null,"abstract":"Plants inhabiting contrasting physical conditions might develop local adaptations overriding the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Hypotheses of local adaptation on phenotypic, genomic, and environmental variation under extreme precipitation regimes were tested in the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis. Common garden experiments on progeny and genotype-to-environment association analysis on adults were conducted. Samples consisting of seeds and leaves from adult trees were collected from contrasting dry (DF) and humid (HF) forests along a steep but short precipitation gradient. Seeds were germinated and seedlings were grown under common garden conditions for 24 months. DNA was extracted from 75 randomly selected trees from DF and HF, and genotyped by sequencing to obtain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Seedlings from HF outgrew DF ones suggesting genetically based differences. Twenty-four outlier SNP loci differed between DF and HF, whereas neutral genes (3242) showed high levels of admixture. Eight out of the 24 outlier SNPs aligned with transcripts, half of them related to drought stress responses, and principal component analysis identified four precipitation-related marker–climate associations. Quantitative and genomic traits suggested that natural selection maintains divergence under contrasting climatic conditions regardless high gene flow. This underscores the importance of dry forests as reservoirs of drought-tolerant variants to cope with forecasted climate change.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140044615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-31DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e13
Junze Liu, Kai Wang, Liangyu Zhao, Yansen Li, Zhaojian Li, Chunmei Li
To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a fermented mixture of bean dregs and wheat bran (FBW) on sow performance. FBW was given to sows during late gestation and lactation; in total, 24 sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups (control diet; 3% FBW diet; 6% FBW diet; 9% FBW diet, n = 6). The weight ratio of bean dregs (wet) to wheat bran was 4:6. Sows were fed different diets from 85 d of gestation until weaning. The results showed that supplementation with FBW increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation (p < 0.05). FBW supplementation also increased litter weight and milk yield (p < 0.05). The contents of Escherichia coli in the feces of the treatment groups were significantly reduced by FBW supplementation (p < 0.01). FBW supplementation significantly improved the fecal morphology (p < 0.05), alleviating sows' constipation. In conclusion, FBW could increase the ADFI, improve lactation and piglet litter weight in sows and reduce the pathogenic bacterial content in sow feces and constipation.
{"title":"Investigation of supplementation with a combination of fermented bean dregs and wheat bran for improving the growth performance of the sow.","authors":"Junze Liu, Kai Wang, Liangyu Zhao, Yansen Li, Zhaojian Li, Chunmei Li","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e13","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a fermented mixture of bean dregs and wheat bran (FBW) on sow performance. FBW was given to sows during late gestation and lactation; in total, 24 sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups (control diet; 3% FBW diet; 6% FBW diet; 9% FBW diet, n = 6). The weight ratio of bean dregs (wet) to wheat bran was 4:6. Sows were fed different diets from 85 d of gestation until weaning. The results showed that supplementation with FBW increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FBW supplementation also increased litter weight and milk yield (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The contents of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the feces of the treatment groups were significantly reduced by FBW supplementation (<i>p</i> < 0.01). FBW supplementation significantly improved the fecal morphology (<i>p</i> < 0.05), alleviating sows' constipation. In conclusion, FBW could increase the ADFI, improve lactation and piglet litter weight in sows and reduce the pathogenic bacterial content in sow feces and constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"157 1","pages":"295-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11016735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84784939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae004
Sven Landrein, Shi-Jie Song, Jie Zhang, Yong-Jie Guo, Jian-Yong Shen, Qiu-Yu Jiang, Shook Ling Low
Hibisceae subtribe Trionum is the largest clade within Hibiscus s.l. and contains genera with a wide range of growth forms: herbaceous (Abelmoschus), shrubs (Malvaviscus), trees (Wercklea), and exceptionally lianas. The rare and localized Thepparatia species are unique in that they combine a lianescent habit and trioecy. Several problems have delayed the study of Hibisceae classification including low genetic variability, lack of synapomorphic morphological characters, transoceanic dispersal events, and allopolyploidy. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenomic hypothesis of Thepparatia based on analyses of the maternally inherited chloroplast and biparentally inherited nuclear ribosomal cistron sequences, and compare these results with its speciation, karyology, and breeding system. Chloroplast genomes in subtribe Trionum were highly conserved except in Abelmoschus where four additional genes were duplicated. Recent diploid interspecific hybridization is suggested in Thepparatia sipsongpannaensis between T. fragrans and T. scandens during the Pleistocene, around 640 000 years ago. Our observations also indicate Thepparatia have a trioecious breeding system that combined with a unique habit, and a highly localized distribution pattern, have created cross-pollination barriers and ecological specialization. This suggests hybridization events are rare but evolutionary significant in subtribe Trionum. Finally, our study supports important nomenclature changes: the synonymization of Hibiscus austroyunnanensis with Thepparatia fragrans and the publication of a new species, Thepparatia sipsongpannaensis.
{"title":"Thepparatia vines (Hibisceae subtribe Trionum) phylogenomics and evolution","authors":"Sven Landrein, Shi-Jie Song, Jie Zhang, Yong-Jie Guo, Jian-Yong Shen, Qiu-Yu Jiang, Shook Ling Low","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae004","url":null,"abstract":"Hibisceae subtribe Trionum is the largest clade within Hibiscus s.l. and contains genera with a wide range of growth forms: herbaceous (Abelmoschus), shrubs (Malvaviscus), trees (Wercklea), and exceptionally lianas. The rare and localized Thepparatia species are unique in that they combine a lianescent habit and trioecy. Several problems have delayed the study of Hibisceae classification including low genetic variability, lack of synapomorphic morphological characters, transoceanic dispersal events, and allopolyploidy. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenomic hypothesis of Thepparatia based on analyses of the maternally inherited chloroplast and biparentally inherited nuclear ribosomal cistron sequences, and compare these results with its speciation, karyology, and breeding system. Chloroplast genomes in subtribe Trionum were highly conserved except in Abelmoschus where four additional genes were duplicated. Recent diploid interspecific hybridization is suggested in Thepparatia sipsongpannaensis between T. fragrans and T. scandens during the Pleistocene, around 640 000 years ago. Our observations also indicate Thepparatia have a trioecious breeding system that combined with a unique habit, and a highly localized distribution pattern, have created cross-pollination barriers and ecological specialization. This suggests hybridization events are rare but evolutionary significant in subtribe Trionum. Finally, our study supports important nomenclature changes: the synonymization of Hibiscus austroyunnanensis with Thepparatia fragrans and the publication of a new species, Thepparatia sipsongpannaensis.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae001
Renata de B Ruas, Sara M de Godoy, Daniele C Feliciano, Claudete de F Ruas, Fernanda Bered
In an era of increasing urbanization across the planet, understanding how urbanization affects biodiversity and whether or not species will be able to adapt quickly enough to urban environments is critical to conserving biodiversity. We studied the effects of urbanization on genetic diversity, genetic structure, and local adaptation in Tillandsia aeranthos, an epiphytic self-incompatible bromeliad with a high ability to colonize urban habitats. We sampled T. aeranthos along two transects comprising urbanization gradients in South Brazil. We used AFLP markers to genotype 200 individuals and we obtained 971 fragments, of which 100% were polymorphic. We found high levels of genetic diversity and a greater proportion of genetic variation found within populations. We did not find a decrease in genetic diversity with increasing urbanization, as expected if the effects of genetic drift were greater in those urbanized habitats. In each transect, the urban populations were genetically clustered with the non-urban populations, indicating that dispersion by pollen or seed may occur between urban and non-urban populations. The lack of correlation between the outlier loci detected and the index of urbanization found in our study corroborates with other indices of genetic diversity not being affected by urbanization. Our results suggest that gene flow via pollen and seed, combined with high rates of outcrossing, are major determinants of the maintenance of genetic diversity in urban populations of T. aeranthos.
{"title":"A bromeliad living in the city: a case of a native species resilient to urbanization in South Brazil","authors":"Renata de B Ruas, Sara M de Godoy, Daniele C Feliciano, Claudete de F Ruas, Fernanda Bered","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae001","url":null,"abstract":"In an era of increasing urbanization across the planet, understanding how urbanization affects biodiversity and whether or not species will be able to adapt quickly enough to urban environments is critical to conserving biodiversity. We studied the effects of urbanization on genetic diversity, genetic structure, and local adaptation in Tillandsia aeranthos, an epiphytic self-incompatible bromeliad with a high ability to colonize urban habitats. We sampled T. aeranthos along two transects comprising urbanization gradients in South Brazil. We used AFLP markers to genotype 200 individuals and we obtained 971 fragments, of which 100% were polymorphic. We found high levels of genetic diversity and a greater proportion of genetic variation found within populations. We did not find a decrease in genetic diversity with increasing urbanization, as expected if the effects of genetic drift were greater in those urbanized habitats. In each transect, the urban populations were genetically clustered with the non-urban populations, indicating that dispersion by pollen or seed may occur between urban and non-urban populations. The lack of correlation between the outlier loci detected and the index of urbanization found in our study corroborates with other indices of genetic diversity not being affected by urbanization. Our results suggest that gene flow via pollen and seed, combined with high rates of outcrossing, are major determinants of the maintenance of genetic diversity in urban populations of T. aeranthos.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad079
Ryan D Phillips, Jude Hatley, Xia Li, Richard J Dimon, Noushka Reiter
In some biogeographic regions, many threatened plant species occur in habitats that periodically experience bushfire. However, we currently have relatively little information on how important plant–animal and plant–fungus interactions are affected by these fires. For the threatened sexually deceptive orchid Caladenia tessellata we test whether pollination rate, frequency of florivory, and the species of mycorrhizae the plant associates with differ between burnt and unburnt sites. Interestingly, pollination rates were unaffected by fire, demonstrating that populations of the thynnine wasp pollinator can persist post-fire. However, there was a significant negative relationship between number of flowers in a population and pollination success, which is likely a by-product of a deceptive pollination strategy. Despite the presence of vertebrate herbivores, florivory rates were low in both burnt and unburnt sites. Caladenia tessellata associated primarily with the mycorrhiza Serendiptia australiana, regardless of fire history. While our results suggest resilience to a one-off summer fire for the ecological interactions that we measured, it would be interesting to investigate the effects of fire frequency and time of year. High reproductive rates in small populations of C. tessellata suggest these populations may be viable and that retaining them is a high priority for conservation.
{"title":"Resilience to summer bushfire in the threatened orchid, Caladenia tessellata, in terms of pollination success, herbivory, and mycorrhizal associations","authors":"Ryan D Phillips, Jude Hatley, Xia Li, Richard J Dimon, Noushka Reiter","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad079","url":null,"abstract":"In some biogeographic regions, many threatened plant species occur in habitats that periodically experience bushfire. However, we currently have relatively little information on how important plant–animal and plant–fungus interactions are affected by these fires. For the threatened sexually deceptive orchid Caladenia tessellata we test whether pollination rate, frequency of florivory, and the species of mycorrhizae the plant associates with differ between burnt and unburnt sites. Interestingly, pollination rates were unaffected by fire, demonstrating that populations of the thynnine wasp pollinator can persist post-fire. However, there was a significant negative relationship between number of flowers in a population and pollination success, which is likely a by-product of a deceptive pollination strategy. Despite the presence of vertebrate herbivores, florivory rates were low in both burnt and unburnt sites. Caladenia tessellata associated primarily with the mycorrhiza Serendiptia australiana, regardless of fire history. While our results suggest resilience to a one-off summer fire for the ecological interactions that we measured, it would be interesting to investigate the effects of fire frequency and time of year. High reproductive rates in small populations of C. tessellata suggest these populations may be viable and that retaining them is a high priority for conservation.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae002
Jun-Ho Song, Min-Kyeong Oak, Suk-Pyo Hong
We conducted a comparative micromorphological study on the leaves of all nine genera of the Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae, including the monotypic Korean genus Pentactina. Spiraeeae possess amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves. Leaf epidermal characteristics varied with the morphology of stomatal complexes, epidermal cells, trichomes, and epicuticular waxes. Specific leaf epidermal features may be systematically relevant for identifying lower taxonomic levels, genera, and/or species. For example, papillate epidermal cell types were consistently observed in Spiraea sect. Calospira. Hirtellous trichomes are diagnostic characteristics of the genera Holodiscus and Kelseya among this tribe. Short-stalked capitate glandular and crispate villous trichomes were only observed in Holodiscus microphyllus and Spiraea douglasii, respectively. We also confirmed that leaf epidermal characteristics strongly support the independent taxonomic position of the Korean endemic Pentactina and the transfer from Physocarpus to Spiraea of Physocarpus insularis. Moreover, we identified xeromorphic features in the studied taxa and inferred their ecological functions, such as water repellence and anti-transpirant activities. This study presents new perspectives for future research on character evolution and xeromorphic adaptation on the basis of leaf epidermal characteristics.
{"title":"Leaf micromorphology in Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae (subfamily Amygdaloideae) and its systematic and ecological implications","authors":"Jun-Ho Song, Min-Kyeong Oak, Suk-Pyo Hong","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae002","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a comparative micromorphological study on the leaves of all nine genera of the Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae, including the monotypic Korean genus Pentactina. Spiraeeae possess amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves. Leaf epidermal characteristics varied with the morphology of stomatal complexes, epidermal cells, trichomes, and epicuticular waxes. Specific leaf epidermal features may be systematically relevant for identifying lower taxonomic levels, genera, and/or species. For example, papillate epidermal cell types were consistently observed in Spiraea sect. Calospira. Hirtellous trichomes are diagnostic characteristics of the genera Holodiscus and Kelseya among this tribe. Short-stalked capitate glandular and crispate villous trichomes were only observed in Holodiscus microphyllus and Spiraea douglasii, respectively. We also confirmed that leaf epidermal characteristics strongly support the independent taxonomic position of the Korean endemic Pentactina and the transfer from Physocarpus to Spiraea of Physocarpus insularis. Moreover, we identified xeromorphic features in the studied taxa and inferred their ecological functions, such as water repellence and anti-transpirant activities. This study presents new perspectives for future research on character evolution and xeromorphic adaptation on the basis of leaf epidermal characteristics.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139927851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boae005
Alexey V F Ch Bobrov, Nikita S Zdravchev, Mikhail S Romanov, Petr S Iovlev, Anna A Mikhaylova, Kirill V Kuptsov, Anton S Timchenko, Natalia D Vasekha, Alexey N Sorokin
With the current reassessment of the phylogeny of Pandanales, revealing the peculiarities of fruit structure of representatives of the order, as well as determination of apomorphies and plesiomorphies of the families included in the order are of importance. With the aim to fill in gaps in the data on fruit structure and to determine principal trends of fruit morphogenesis in Pandanaceae, the present study focused on pericarp anatomy in the genus Freycinetia, fruits of which are traditionally referred to as berries. The present investigation confirmed the lack of a continuous sclerenchymatous zone in the pericarp of Freycinetia species, and the fruit is treated as a superior paracarpous berry of Nuphar type. Fusiform groups of longitudinally elongated sclereids are revealed in the mesocarp of Freycinetia palawanensis (incertae sedis) and F. graminifolia (section Solmsiella). Since this character is treated as specific for the subgenus Gaudichaudiella, the inclusion of these two studied species in this subgenus is proposed. The principal carpological plesiomorphies and apomorphies of the family are outlined, and two scenarios for fruit morphogenesis, from berries to ‘drupaceous’ fruits and vice versa, are proposed.
{"title":"Trends of fruit morphogenesis in Pandanaceae: comparative carpology of Freycinetia Gaudich","authors":"Alexey V F Ch Bobrov, Nikita S Zdravchev, Mikhail S Romanov, Petr S Iovlev, Anna A Mikhaylova, Kirill V Kuptsov, Anton S Timchenko, Natalia D Vasekha, Alexey N Sorokin","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae005","url":null,"abstract":"With the current reassessment of the phylogeny of Pandanales, revealing the peculiarities of fruit structure of representatives of the order, as well as determination of apomorphies and plesiomorphies of the families included in the order are of importance. With the aim to fill in gaps in the data on fruit structure and to determine principal trends of fruit morphogenesis in Pandanaceae, the present study focused on pericarp anatomy in the genus Freycinetia, fruits of which are traditionally referred to as berries. The present investigation confirmed the lack of a continuous sclerenchymatous zone in the pericarp of Freycinetia species, and the fruit is treated as a superior paracarpous berry of Nuphar type. Fusiform groups of longitudinally elongated sclereids are revealed in the mesocarp of Freycinetia palawanensis (incertae sedis) and F. graminifolia (section Solmsiella). Since this character is treated as specific for the subgenus Gaudichaudiella, the inclusion of these two studied species in this subgenus is proposed. The principal carpological plesiomorphies and apomorphies of the family are outlined, and two scenarios for fruit morphogenesis, from berries to ‘drupaceous’ fruits and vice versa, are proposed.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139903522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad070
N Cannone, I Vanetti, P Convey, L G Sancho, S Zaccara
Bryum is a moss genus that is widely distributed across the planet. Many of its species are characterized by large phenotypic and morphological plasticity, generating uncertainty in species identification exclusively based on morphological characteristics. In Antarctica, the extreme and harsh environmental conditions are further likely to promote intra-specific morphological variation, leading to complexity in the taxonomic attribution of Bryum species. In this study, we apply molecular phylogenetic analyses to assist in developing accurate species identification of B. pseudotriquetrum and two other relatively abundant Bryum species (B. archangelicum and B. pallescens) currently reported as Antarctic species. A total of 51 Bryum samples collected in Antarctica (22) and from all other continents (29) were sequenced for ITS nrDNA and rps4 cpDNA regions, using markers widely used in moss phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic trees were constructed including ITS (23) and rps4 (34) sequences representing the three more frequent of the seven Bryum species currently reported from Antarctica as well as several other Bryum species and related genera, incorporating all sequence data available in the literature and accessible databases. The molecular analyses provide strong support for a match between morphological and molecular attribution of specimens identified as B. pseudotriquetrum. The data also provide evidence of currently unrecognized Bryum diversity in Antarctica, with the identification of one individual of B. uliginosum. However, the analyses suggest that all Antarctic specimens currently assigned to other Bryum species are morphological variants of B. pseudotriquetrum. The integration of molecular and morphological analyses supports the presence of B. pseudotriquetrum as the most widely distributed species of the genus in Antarctica and of B. uliginosum with a much more restricted distribution (South Sandwich Islands). Our data suggest that further investigation is required of B. archangelicum and B. pallescens in other continents globally, as the identity of none of the herbarium specimens examined in this study could be confirmed with molecular data.
Bryum 是一种苔藓属植物，广泛分布于全球各地。它的许多物种都具有很大的表型和形态可塑性，这给仅根据形态特征进行物种鉴定带来了不确定性。在南极洲，极端恶劣的环境条件更有可能促进种内形态变异，从而导致 Bryum 物种分类归属的复杂性。在本研究中，我们应用分子系统发育分析来帮助准确鉴定假三叶草（B. pseudotriquetrum）和目前报道为南极物种的另外两种相对丰富的毛蕊花属植物（B. archangelicum和B. pallescens）。利用苔藓系统发育研究中广泛使用的标记，对在南极洲（22 个）和其他各大洲（29 个）采集的 51 个 Bryum 样本的 ITS nrDNA 和 rps4 cpDNA 区域进行了测序。构建的系统发生树包括 ITS（23）和 rps4（34）序列，代表了目前报告的南极洲 7 个 Bryum 物种中较为常见的 3 个物种，以及其他几个 Bryum 物种和相关属，并纳入了文献和可访问数据库中的所有序列数据。分子分析有力地支持了被鉴定为 B. pseudotriquetrum 的标本在形态学和分子归属上的匹配。数据还提供了南极洲目前尚未认识到的 Bryum 多样性的证据，鉴定出一个 B. uliginosum 个体。然而，分析表明，目前归属于其他 Bryum 种类的所有南极标本都是 B. pseudotriquetrum 的形态变体。分子和形态分析的综合结果表明，Bryum pseudotriquetrum 是该属在南极洲分布最广的物种，而 B. uliginosum 的分布则要局限得多（南桑威奇群岛）。我们的数据表明，还需要对全球其他大洲的 B. archangelicum 和 B. pallescens 进行进一步调查，因为本研究中没有一个标本馆标本的身份可以通过分子数据得到确认。
{"title":"Molecular analyses support revision of species diversity of the moss genus Bryum in Antarctica","authors":"N Cannone, I Vanetti, P Convey, L G Sancho, S Zaccara","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad070","url":null,"abstract":"Bryum is a moss genus that is widely distributed across the planet. Many of its species are characterized by large phenotypic and morphological plasticity, generating uncertainty in species identification exclusively based on morphological characteristics. In Antarctica, the extreme and harsh environmental conditions are further likely to promote intra-specific morphological variation, leading to complexity in the taxonomic attribution of Bryum species. In this study, we apply molecular phylogenetic analyses to assist in developing accurate species identification of B. pseudotriquetrum and two other relatively abundant Bryum species (B. archangelicum and B. pallescens) currently reported as Antarctic species. A total of 51 Bryum samples collected in Antarctica (22) and from all other continents (29) were sequenced for ITS nrDNA and rps4 cpDNA regions, using markers widely used in moss phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic trees were constructed including ITS (23) and rps4 (34) sequences representing the three more frequent of the seven Bryum species currently reported from Antarctica as well as several other Bryum species and related genera, incorporating all sequence data available in the literature and accessible databases. The molecular analyses provide strong support for a match between morphological and molecular attribution of specimens identified as B. pseudotriquetrum. The data also provide evidence of currently unrecognized Bryum diversity in Antarctica, with the identification of one individual of B. uliginosum. However, the analyses suggest that all Antarctic specimens currently assigned to other Bryum species are morphological variants of B. pseudotriquetrum. The integration of molecular and morphological analyses supports the presence of B. pseudotriquetrum as the most widely distributed species of the genus in Antarctica and of B. uliginosum with a much more restricted distribution (South Sandwich Islands). Our data suggest that further investigation is required of B. archangelicum and B. pallescens in other continents globally, as the identity of none of the herbarium specimens examined in this study could be confirmed with molecular data.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139644787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad076
Tongxin Ye, Louis Ronse De Craene
Stipules are generally regarded as the outgrowths of the leaf base in angiosperms. Other interpretations see stipules as independent organs comparable to leaves. Stipules have been recognized as an important trait for plant taxonomy and identification, and there has been great progress in the understanding of their morphology, development, origin, function, and gene regulation over time. Therefore, this review will briefly summarize past research and aims to clarify the occurrence, location, and morphology of stipules in the families recognized by APG IV and reconstruct their ancestral states. Additionally, the developmental morphology of different types of stipule is presented through scanning electron microcopy observations and a survey of the existing literature. The difference between stipules and ligules is discussed in relation to the occurrence of postgenitally or congenitally fused ‘continuous’ stipules. A distinction is made between ‘true’ stipules and ‘pseudostipules’. The origin of stipules at the base of the leaf is explained from different perspectives. About one-third of the families are reported to have stipules, mostly concentrated in the Rosid clade with the highest level of diversity. On the basis of the ancestral state reconstructions, stipules may be absent in the ancestors of angiosperms, but are present in the ancestor of Rosids, with a pair appearing on both sides of the petiole base. The transition between paired and annular stipules is discussed, the latter arising postgenitally or congenitally. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain the abundance of stipules in the Rosid clade and their limited presence in the Asterid clade.
托叶通常被认为是被子植物叶基部的外生部分。其他解释则认为托叶是独立的器官，可与叶媲美。托叶已被认为是植物分类和鉴定的一个重要特征，随着时间的推移，人们对托叶的形态、发育、起源、功能和基因调控的认识也取得了很大进展。因此，本综述将简要总结过去的研究，旨在阐明托叶在 APG IV 确认的科中的发生、位置和形态，并重建其祖先状态。此外，还将通过扫描电子显微镜观察和对现有文献的调查，介绍不同类型托叶的发育形态。讨论了托叶和叶舌之间的区别，以及先天或后天融合的 "连续 "托叶的出现。对 "真 "托叶和 "假托叶 "进行了区分。从不同角度解释了叶基部托叶的起源。据报道，大约三分之一的科有托叶，主要集中在多样性水平最高的蔷薇科。根据祖先状态重建，被子植物的祖先可能没有托叶，但蔷薇科的祖先却有托叶，叶柄基部两侧各有一对。讨论了成对托叶和环状托叶之间的过渡，后者是后天或先天产生的。讨论了几种假说，以解释托叶在蔷薇科中的大量存在和在紫菀科中的有限存在。
{"title":"Stipules in angiosperms","authors":"Tongxin Ye, Louis Ronse De Craene","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad076","url":null,"abstract":"Stipules are generally regarded as the outgrowths of the leaf base in angiosperms. Other interpretations see stipules as independent organs comparable to leaves. Stipules have been recognized as an important trait for plant taxonomy and identification, and there has been great progress in the understanding of their morphology, development, origin, function, and gene regulation over time. Therefore, this review will briefly summarize past research and aims to clarify the occurrence, location, and morphology of stipules in the families recognized by APG IV and reconstruct their ancestral states. Additionally, the developmental morphology of different types of stipule is presented through scanning electron microcopy observations and a survey of the existing literature. The difference between stipules and ligules is discussed in relation to the occurrence of postgenitally or congenitally fused ‘continuous’ stipules. A distinction is made between ‘true’ stipules and ‘pseudostipules’. The origin of stipules at the base of the leaf is explained from different perspectives. About one-third of the families are reported to have stipules, mostly concentrated in the Rosid clade with the highest level of diversity. On the basis of the ancestral state reconstructions, stipules may be absent in the ancestors of angiosperms, but are present in the ancestor of Rosids, with a pair appearing on both sides of the petiole base. The transition between paired and annular stipules is discussed, the latter arising postgenitally or congenitally. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain the abundance of stipules in the Rosid clade and their limited presence in the Asterid clade.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boad068
Felippe A Teixeira, Caian S Gerolamo, Amilcar W S Junior, Marcelo R Pace
Bark wings are projections commonly interpreted as plant protective structures against herbivory. Their location in stems has been typically thought to be random, something that here we dispute, using Piptadenia gonoacantha as a case study. We collected stem samples from several specimens in different developmental stages from natural populations in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. These stems were studied in detail under light microscopy to determine the formation of bark wings and their possible correlation with other anatomical features. Stems of P. gonoacantha are deeply lobed during primary growth, with each lobe containing a large vascular bundle, alternating with smaller vascular bundles in the interlobes. On top of these lobes, prickles develop, being composed of epidermal tissue and the cortex beneath. Some of the eight lobes merge and a phellogen is installed on top of them, which starts to produce a large sheath of phellem, which will become the conspicuous bark wings of Piptadenia. The phellogen switches on and off, leaving marks resembling growth rings. The bark wings in Piptadenia have very specific positioning, always in the front of five to eight major vascular bundles, indicating that bark wings appear always in very precise locations.
{"title":"Bark wings are related to the primary vascular system: the case of Piptadenia gonoacantha (Leguminosae)","authors":"Felippe A Teixeira, Caian S Gerolamo, Amilcar W S Junior, Marcelo R Pace","doi":"10.1093/botlinnean/boad068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad068","url":null,"abstract":"Bark wings are projections commonly interpreted as plant protective structures against herbivory. Their location in stems has been typically thought to be random, something that here we dispute, using Piptadenia gonoacantha as a case study. We collected stem samples from several specimens in different developmental stages from natural populations in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. These stems were studied in detail under light microscopy to determine the formation of bark wings and their possible correlation with other anatomical features. Stems of P. gonoacantha are deeply lobed during primary growth, with each lobe containing a large vascular bundle, alternating with smaller vascular bundles in the interlobes. On top of these lobes, prickles develop, being composed of epidermal tissue and the cortex beneath. Some of the eight lobes merge and a phellogen is installed on top of them, which starts to produce a large sheath of phellem, which will become the conspicuous bark wings of Piptadenia. The phellogen switches on and off, leaving marks resembling growth rings. The bark wings in Piptadenia have very specific positioning, always in the front of five to eight major vascular bundles, indicating that bark wings appear always in very precise locations.","PeriodicalId":9178,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138575292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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