Small rural media outlets are key sources of information, provide a site for local advertising, and are an important local voice in their communities. This paper examines how small market rural media are trying to survive under tough economic conditions, and how they are using new media as part of their strategy to remain viable. Interviews were conducted with managers at several small market newspapers, television, and radio groups in order to identify specific concerns and strategies about how they are managing their resources, how they are using new media, and how they envision their future. The results show that most media are struggling, but also find that local media are in a good position to make their new media content viable for their local audiences. Cuts in journalistic enterprises dominate news stories about today’s media. Columbia Journalism Review called this “a transformational moment” in the history of journalism as the traditional economic foundation of advertising is eroding at rapid rate (Downie and Schudson 2009 1 ). Driving this change is the move to online content by readers and listeners, especially younger people. Media managers are trying to monetize the Internet by increasing the number of ads (Downie and Schudson 2009 2 ) and experimenting with economic models that charge for online content. 3 Most research about the economy and the effect of new media on business has focused on big companies. Smith and Wiltse (2005 4 ) suggested that researchers need to study media in more rural areas. Downie and Schudson (2009 5 ) said smaller media organizations that do not have competition have been relatively successful. Morton (2009 6 ) said 70% of smaller daily newspapers are still profitable. More community-oriented, non-daily newspapers are also doing well, as a whole. 7 This is in part because these smaller, often rural, media organizations take their civic responsibilities seriously (Bradshaw, Foust, and Bernt 2005 8 ). There are two major reasons why media organizations are so vital in rural areas. First, the First Amendment guarantees freedom of the press so people can be informed about their government, Adapting Small Market Rural Media to the Challenges of New Media Vol. 5, Issue 6 (2010) 2 and these media are the key sources that link government issues to local audiences. They are key sources of information. Second, media outlets provide key sites where businesses can reach their local audiences. If newspapers or radio stations leave the area, it is unlikely that other entities will step in to fill the void. This study examines what small market rural media are doing to incorporate social media and remain relevant to their communities. It concludes with policy implications for state and local governments to help keep rural media organizations vibrant. Media management and media economics theory As stated earlier, media organizations are experiencing many transitions. According to a national survey, 31% of Americans get t
小型农村媒体是重要的信息来源，为地方广告提供了一个场所，是其社区中重要的地方声音。本文考察了小市场农村媒体如何在艰难的经济条件下生存，以及他们如何利用新媒体作为其战略的一部分来保持生存。采访了几家小型市场报纸、电视和广播集团的经理，以确定他们如何管理资源、如何使用新媒体以及如何展望未来的具体问题和策略。调查结果显示，大多数媒体都在苦苦挣扎，但同时也发现，地方媒体在让自己的新媒体内容适合当地受众方面处于有利地位。新闻企业裁员是当今媒体新闻报道的主要内容。《哥伦比亚新闻评论》称这是新闻业历史上的“转型时刻”，因为广告的传统经济基础正在迅速受到侵蚀(Downie and Schudson 2009)。推动这一变化的是读者和听众，尤其是年轻人转向在线内容。媒体经理们正试图通过增加广告数量和尝试对在线内容收费的经济模式来将互联网货币化(Downie and Schudson 2009)。大多数关于经济和新媒体对商业影响的研究都集中在大公司身上。Smith and Wiltse(2005)建议研究人员需要研究更多农村地区的媒体。Downie和Schudson(2009)表示，没有竞争的小型媒体组织相对来说是成功的。莫顿(2009年6月)表示，70%的小型日报仍在盈利。更多面向社区的非日报总体上也做得不错。这在一定程度上是因为这些较小的，通常是农村的媒体机构认真对待他们的公民责任(Bradshaw, Foust, and Bernt, 2005)。媒体组织在农村如此重要有两个主要原因。第一，宪法第一修正案保障新闻自由，让民众能够了解政府，《让小市场乡村媒体适应新媒体的挑战》第5卷第6期(2010)，这些媒体是将政府问题与当地受众联系起来的关键来源。他们是信息的主要来源。其次，媒体提供了企业接触当地受众的关键网站。如果报纸或广播电台离开该地区，其他实体不太可能介入填补空白。本研究考察了小市场农村媒体在整合社交媒体和保持与社区相关方面所做的工作。报告总结了对州和地方政府帮助保持农村媒体组织活力的政策启示。媒体管理与媒体经济学理论如前所述，媒体组织正在经历许多转型。根据一项全国性调查，31%的美国人从电视上获取新闻和信息(低于之前的35%);19%来自日报(从24%降至19%);19%来自广播(从17%上升);15%来自互联网(此前为13%)。那些年轻人和受过大学教育的人比一般人更有可能从互联网上获取信息(Rumpza和Bellmont 2009)。Vocus媒体研究集团发现，2009年有近300家报纸关闭，其中230家是周报。许多电视台集团破产，因此大牌主播被裁掉以降低成本。广播行业裁员超过1万人(科茨、布莱德霍尔特、霍利、约翰逊和门多拉2010年)。在过去的100年里，当新媒体出现时，旧媒体进行了调整，但通常不会被完全取代(Hachten 2005 11)，这是一个称为可替代性的概念。换句话说，媒体渠道都提供信息或娱乐，但这些渠道并不是完全可互换的(Picard 1989 12)。但现在，互联网已经成为“日常生活中不可或缺的一部分”，给旧媒体带来了新的压力(Kung, Picard, and Towse 2008)。虽然Hachten(2005 - 14)认为互联网是媒体渠道的补充信息来源，但其他消息来源认为互联网和其他新技术可以在许多方面取代旧媒体(Bakker和Sadaba 2008 - 15)。例如，你可以下载电视节目，收听流媒体广播，阅读报纸文章。使用Kindle和iPad设备，你可以阅读书籍或杂志(Coates, Bredholt, Holley, Johnson, and Mendolera 2010 2016)。媒体经济学领域涉及“媒体经营者如何利用可用资源满足受众、广告商和社会的信息和娱乐需求”(Picard 1989 17)。媒体组织关心的是所有者、受众、广告商和员工。业主希望获得投资回报。观众希望以很少或没有成本的方式获得高质量的内容，并且能够轻松获取内容。 广告商希望以合理的成本向目标受众讲述他们的故事。雇员想要公平的报酬，良好的工作条件，以及“对他们劳动的精神回报”(皮卡德1989年18)。管理者必须分配资源，以获得所有群体的最大利益，但需要确保他们的业务是有利可图的。媒体经理还必须确定他们的媒体对广告商和消费者有什么价值。在媒体中，受众成员可以直接进行金钱投资，例如购买书籍、杂志或报纸(Picard 1989)。然而，随着越来越多的免费内容通过互联网出现，来自观众的“投资”减少了。人们通常想要免费的内容，但也不想被广告打扰(Bakker和Sadaba 2008)，因此媒体经理正在根据不断变化的消费者偏好重新考虑他们组织的价值。传统媒体组织的一个问题是惯性。例如，报纸多年来一直以类似的方式运作，并且不容易适应《农村研究与政策在线杂志》第5卷第6期(2010)3 (Kung, Picard, and Towse 2008)。尽管存在惯性倾向，但媒体经理们需要考虑新技术如何带来好处，比如只出版一份在线出版物，这样就消除了印刷和纸张成本。媒体机构试图赚钱的方法之一是为在线内容设置付费墙(Coates, Bredholt, Holley, Johnson, and Mendolera 2010 22;Hachten 2005)。然而，由于人们习惯于免费获取信息，因此对于它将如何运作还没有达成共识(Coates, Bredholt, Holley, Johnson, and Mendolera 2010)。但是Washkuch(2009 - 25)说，大的数字可能不是绝对必要的，因为那些为内容付费的人将是一个更参与和感兴趣的群体。底线是，媒体经理们仍在努力寻找既能保持高质量内容又能盈利的商业模式(Hachten 2005,26)。新媒体和技术对媒体组织的影响用户生成的内容在过去几年中呈爆炸式增长。像YouTube、Flickr、Facebook、Twitter等网站允许人们绕过传统渠道成为内容创造者。尼尔森研究公司发现，2009年12月，全球用户在社交媒体网站上花费了大约五个半小时，比2008年增加了82%。Facebook以2.07亿的访问量遥遥领先，但Twitter的访问量增长了581%，达到1810万(“Facebook领先”2010年27日)。媒体机构正在转向用户生成的角度。美国各地的许多其他新闻机构使用观众的图片或视频作为其报纸、新闻广播或网站的一部分。例如，一架飞机在科罗拉多州博尔德附近坠毁，被一名旁观者捕捉到，并被当地电视台(“博尔德空中碰撞”2010年28日)和国家电视台(史密斯2010年29日)使用。与被动地等待信息或娱乐的传统受众不同，“互联网用户在许多情况下是积极的，寻找那些满足他们特定和具体需求的内容”(Bakker和Sadaba 2008)。人们还可以通过发布评论、链接或图片来使用互联网与他们访问的组织或团体进行更多的互动(Kung, Picard, and Towse 2008 31)。一些媒体机构正在使用社交媒体来鼓励这种互动。“在某些情况下，一家不知名的报纸或广播电台甚至可能没有官方网站，但会有一个Facebook页面或一个可以在Twitter上关注的记者”
{"title":"Adapting Small Market Rural Media to the Challenges of New Media: Interviews with Small Market Rural Managers","authors":"C. Price, Michael R. Brown","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.234","url":null,"abstract":"Small rural media outlets are key sources of information, provide a site for local advertising, and are an important local voice in their communities. This paper examines how small market rural media are trying to survive under tough economic conditions, and how they are using new media as part of their strategy to remain viable. Interviews were conducted with managers at several small market newspapers, television, and radio groups in order to identify specific concerns and strategies about how they are managing their resources, how they are using new media, and how they envision their future. The results show that most media are struggling, but also find that local media are in a good position to make their new media content viable for their local audiences. Cuts in journalistic enterprises dominate news stories about today’s media. Columbia Journalism Review called this “a transformational moment” in the history of journalism as the traditional economic foundation of advertising is eroding at rapid rate (Downie and Schudson 2009 1 ). Driving this change is the move to online content by readers and listeners, especially younger people. Media managers are trying to monetize the Internet by increasing the number of ads (Downie and Schudson 2009 2 ) and experimenting with economic models that charge for online content. 3 Most research about the economy and the effect of new media on business has focused on big companies. Smith and Wiltse (2005 4 ) suggested that researchers need to study media in more rural areas. Downie and Schudson (2009 5 ) said smaller media organizations that do not have competition have been relatively successful. Morton (2009 6 ) said 70% of smaller daily newspapers are still profitable. More community-oriented, non-daily newspapers are also doing well, as a whole. 7 This is in part because these smaller, often rural, media organizations take their civic responsibilities seriously (Bradshaw, Foust, and Bernt 2005 8 ). There are two major reasons why media organizations are so vital in rural areas. First, the First Amendment guarantees freedom of the press so people can be informed about their government, Adapting Small Market Rural Media to the Challenges of New Media Vol. 5, Issue 6 (2010) 2 and these media are the key sources that link government issues to local audiences. They are key sources of information. Second, media outlets provide key sites where businesses can reach their local audiences. If newspapers or radio stations leave the area, it is unlikely that other entities will step in to fill the void. This study examines what small market rural media are doing to incorporate social media and remain relevant to their communities. It concludes with policy implications for state and local governments to help keep rural media organizations vibrant. Media management and media economics theory As stated earlier, media organizations are experiencing many transitions. According to a national survey, 31% of Americans get t","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
State and county fairs have existed for a long period in the United States and many parts of the world. One of the first recognized state fairs in the US was held in 1841 in New York.1 That fair's purpose was the hosting competitive exhibitions for livestock, homemade goods, and farm produce. These events served as entertainment for rural communities where access to such venues was limited. Fairs also were an opportunity for farms to exhibit their produce and livestock. Over the years as...
{"title":"State Fairs: A Means of Exposing America’s Youth to the Veterinary Profession?","authors":"S. Laflin, D. Anderson","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.270","url":null,"abstract":"State and county fairs have existed for a long period in the United States and many parts of the world. One of the first recognized state fairs in the US was held in 1841 in New York.1 That fair's purpose was the hosting competitive exhibitions for livestock, homemade goods, and farm produce. These events served as entertainment for rural communities where access to such venues was limited. Fairs also were an opportunity for farms to exhibit their produce and livestock. Over the years as...","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports the results of studies conducted to explore solutions to the shortage of veterinarians to service production animal and rural service needs. Based on the results, various programs are recommended to be implemented and directed toward rectification of the national shortage of production-animal veterinary services and rural farm service large-animal veterinarians in the United States. These programs are enumerated, promoted and evaluated for Productivity, Difficulty of implementation and Overall Payoff in meeting the issue. Results based on experience and professional guidance from the communities of livestock owners and production-animal veterinarians indicate that the following programs should be prioritized nationally: State sponsored tuition relief for veterinary students in return for a term of service to rural production-animal service following graduation. Regional veterinary clinics augmented by state supported veterinary treatment vans. Scholarships directed toward students expressing interest in large-animal veterinary medicine. Modification of treatment and drug administration laws to allow a fuller function for veterinary technicians in the treatment of production animals in rural environments.
{"title":"Production-Animal Veterinarian Shortage: A Rural Case Study of West Virginia","authors":"D. D. Moran","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.268","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the results of studies conducted to explore solutions to the shortage of veterinarians to service production animal and rural service needs. Based on the results, various programs are recommended to be implemented and directed toward rectification of the national shortage of production-animal veterinary services and rural farm service large-animal veterinarians in the United States. These programs are enumerated, promoted and evaluated for Productivity, Difficulty of implementation and Overall Payoff in meeting the issue. Results based on experience and professional guidance from the communities of livestock owners and production-animal veterinarians indicate that the following programs should be prioritized nationally: State sponsored tuition relief for veterinary students in return for a term of service to rural production-animal service following graduation. Regional veterinary clinics augmented by state supported veterinary treatment vans. Scholarships directed toward students expressing interest in large-animal veterinary medicine. Modification of treatment and drug administration laws to allow a fuller function for veterinary technicians in the treatment of production animals in rural environments.","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the Community Journalism Special Issue","authors":"T. Gould","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the geographic accessibility of tertiary health services for the rural population of Idaho. Utilizing the two most commonly used rurality definitions, we determined the spatial distribution of the rural and urban residents in Idaho. The distance to each of the tertiary healthcare facility was calculated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our analysis showed a large disparity between rural and urban geographic access to tertiary healthcare and revealed that there are significant variations in the disparity depending on the rural definition used. Thus there is a need to deploy strategies to enhance rural access and to construct rurality measures that capture the local heterogeneity, given that rurality designations impact the interpretation of access problems, and the funding eligibility for healthcare programs.
{"title":"Rural Designations and Geographic Access to Tertiary Healthcare in Idaho","authors":"Jaishree Beedasy","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I2.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I2.191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the geographic accessibility of tertiary health services for the rural population of Idaho. Utilizing the two most commonly used rurality definitions, we determined the spatial distribution of the rural and urban residents in Idaho. The distance to each of the tertiary healthcare facility was calculated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our analysis showed a large disparity between rural and urban geographic access to tertiary healthcare and revealed that there are significant variations in the disparity depending on the rural definition used. Thus there is a need to deploy strategies to enhance rural access and to construct rurality measures that capture the local heterogeneity, given that rurality designations impact the interpretation of access problems, and the funding eligibility for healthcare programs.","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meredith Redlin, Gary Aguiar, George Langelett, G. Warmann
In the face of on-going population loss and despite all dire warnings to the contrary, the clear persistence of certain rural communities continues in unexpected areas of the Great Plains. It is this persistence that is becoming the most difficult element to explain. Thus, this paper turns the traditional research question on its head and asks why some deep rural communities endure. As a result, we introduce a new concept in rural studies—community persistence— and, consequently, we advance a theoretical model to explain why some communities survive without natural amenities or adjacency to a metropolis. Our concept of persistence attempts to answer the question, “why are you still out there?” when most of society has given up on deep rural populations. We offer a sharp distinction between community persistence and the much-discussed concept of community sustainability. Moreover, our theory incorporates place-based sociological, economic and political factors associated with community persistence. In particular, our integrated theory suggests that persistent communities develop dense social networks, high human capital and deliberative civic engagement so that these towns stood out from the crowded field of contenders for sub-regional prominence. Since we are embarking on a long-term investigation about deep rural communities, this paper offers a preliminary analysis using existing data sources. Our unit of analysis is the county and our sample includes all deep rural counties in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. We employ two measures of Persistence among Deep Rural Communities in the Northern Plains Vol. 5, Issue 5 (2010) 2 persistence: per capita income and civilian labor force. Both our initial analysis of the ten most persistent counties and a more rigorous test of the entire sample indicate a high proportion of college graduates, high population density, and competitive political parties are most closely associated with persistent communities. Our findings suggest that a broad mix of social, economic, and political factors are essential to community persistence in deep rural areas. We connect our findings to rural development policy efforts and also discuss avenues for future studies that build on our theory. Development may be defined broadly as higher levels of education, income, health, housing, and political and social participation; it is a social, economic, and political concept expressed in the lives of people in places and regions (Morrill 1993:407 1 ).
{"title":"“Why Are You Still Out There?” Persistence among Deep Rural Communities in the Northern Plains","authors":"Meredith Redlin, Gary Aguiar, George Langelett, G. Warmann","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I5.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I5.221","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of on-going population loss and despite all dire warnings to the contrary, the clear persistence of certain rural communities continues in unexpected areas of the Great Plains. It is this persistence that is becoming the most difficult element to explain. Thus, this paper turns the traditional research question on its head and asks why some deep rural communities endure. As a result, we introduce a new concept in rural studies—community persistence— and, consequently, we advance a theoretical model to explain why some communities survive without natural amenities or adjacency to a metropolis. Our concept of persistence attempts to answer the question, “why are you still out there?” when most of society has given up on deep rural populations. We offer a sharp distinction between community persistence and the much-discussed concept of community sustainability. Moreover, our theory incorporates place-based sociological, economic and political factors associated with community persistence. In particular, our integrated theory suggests that persistent communities develop dense social networks, high human capital and deliberative civic engagement so that these towns stood out from the crowded field of contenders for sub-regional prominence. Since we are embarking on a long-term investigation about deep rural communities, this paper offers a preliminary analysis using existing data sources. Our unit of analysis is the county and our sample includes all deep rural counties in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. We employ two measures of Persistence among Deep Rural Communities in the Northern Plains Vol. 5, Issue 5 (2010) 2 persistence: per capita income and civilian labor force. Both our initial analysis of the ten most persistent counties and a more rigorous test of the entire sample indicate a high proportion of college graduates, high population density, and competitive political parties are most closely associated with persistent communities. Our findings suggest that a broad mix of social, economic, and political factors are essential to community persistence in deep rural areas. We connect our findings to rural development policy efforts and also discuss avenues for future studies that build on our theory. Development may be defined broadly as higher levels of education, income, health, housing, and political and social participation; it is a social, economic, and political concept expressed in the lives of people in places and regions (Morrill 1993:407 1 ).","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Rural Community Pauses to Gauge Attitudes on the Road to an Alternative Economic Strategy","authors":"Teresa Lamsam, D. Montgomery","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I3.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I3.201","url":null,"abstract":"This is the publisher's official version, also available electronically from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/ojrrp.v5i3.201","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Academy of Rural Veterinarians: Grassroots Innovation to Address the Rural Veterinarian Shortage","authors":"Shelley J Lenz, B. Buff","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Reinhardt, D. Thomson, D. D. Retzlaff, B. Butler, J. Valles
Two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of digital multimedia modules as training tools for animal care workers. Employees at a commercial feedlot (n = 17) and a commercial dairy (n = 10) were asked to independently complete a 10-question quiz prior to and following viewing of training modules. Module topics in the feedlot were proper handling of non-ambulatory animals and humane methods of euthanasia; modules were administered to the workers, as a group, in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (N = 10), depending on previously indicated worker preference. Modules addressing dairy cattle health practices and dairy cattle handling were presented to the dairy care workers who had a preference for learning in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (n = 3). For feedlot workers, post-test scores were improved by 28% after viewing the modules compared to pre-test scores (74% vs. 58%; P 0.30) between language, topic, and between-test variation, indicating that the modules were equally effective at information
{"title":"Bilingual, digital, audio-visual training modules improve technical knowledge of feedlot and dairy workers","authors":"C. Reinhardt, D. Thomson, D. D. Retzlaff, B. Butler, J. Valles","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.266","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of digital multimedia modules as training tools for animal care workers. Employees at a commercial feedlot (n = 17) and a commercial dairy (n = 10) were asked to independently complete a 10-question quiz prior to and following viewing of training modules. Module topics in the feedlot were proper handling of non-ambulatory animals and humane methods of euthanasia; modules were administered to the workers, as a group, in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (N = 10), depending on previously indicated worker preference. Modules addressing dairy cattle health practices and dairy cattle handling were presented to the dairy care workers who had a preference for learning in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (n = 3). For feedlot workers, post-test scores were improved by 28% after viewing the modules compared to pre-test scores (74% vs. 58%; P 0.30) between language, topic, and between-test variation, indicating that the modules were equally effective at information","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Population aging is gaining a great deal of attention as we move toward the retirement of the Baby Boom generation. However, few studies have examined the processes and consequences of these aging trends in rural Kansas—and by extension, the Great Plains—at the community level. To that end, this project examines the community level impacts of population aging in rural Kansas. Primary methods included statistical community profile comparisons, site visits, and key informant interviews with local area leaders. The research team examined three non-metropolitan Kansas counties, two that were aging in place and one that is the single officially defined retirement migration destination in Kansas. Results indicate that areas that are aging in place also face significant challenges sustaining their population and economic structure. The retirement destination, on the other hand, has managed to slow population loss and economic decline through a certain combination of economic structure, family relations, local culture, and appropriate services.
{"title":"Boom or Bust: Opportunities and Challenges of Aging in Rural Kansas","authors":"Benjamin C. Bolender","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I1.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I1.180","url":null,"abstract":"Population aging is gaining a great deal of attention as we move toward the retirement of the Baby Boom generation. However, few studies have examined the processes and consequences of these aging trends in rural Kansas—and by extension, the Great Plains—at the community level. To that end, this project examines the community level impacts of population aging in rural Kansas. Primary methods included statistical community profile comparisons, site visits, and key informant interviews with local area leaders. The research team examined three non-metropolitan Kansas counties, two that were aging in place and one that is the single officially defined retirement migration destination in Kansas. Results indicate that areas that are aging in place also face significant challenges sustaining their population and economic structure. The retirement destination, on the other hand, has managed to slow population loss and economic decline through a certain combination of economic structure, family relations, local culture, and appropriate services.","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：