Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-08266-7
Ying Hu, Tonghan Wang, Junli Du, Haibing Yu, Degong Wu
{"title":"Integrative transcriptomics and defense-related gene family analysis reveals key genes for maize resistance to fall armyworm.","authors":"Ying Hu, Tonghan Wang, Junli Du, Haibing Yu, Degong Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08266-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08266-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-07786-y
Yaqi Chen, Muhammad Kamran, Qingsong Liu, Mingqiang Yue, Xinyue Qu, Jiating Han, Zhongxiang Zhao, Yi Zhang, Yupeng Xu
{"title":"Recommendation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer based on soil status/soil availability and economic benefits of alfalfa in salt-affected soils of North China plain.","authors":"Yaqi Chen, Muhammad Kamran, Qingsong Liu, Mingqiang Yue, Xinyue Qu, Jiating Han, Zhongxiang Zhao, Yi Zhang, Yupeng Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07786-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12870-025-07786-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-08241-2
Min Zhu, Li Su, Nianjie Shang, Shicheng Su, Fuyin Jiang, Yan He, Xingwu Zhou, Yangyang Zhao, Xiaoli Wei
{"title":"The phosphate-solubilizing capacity of Rhizobium tropici LNP6 and its growth-promoting effects on Ormosia hosiei seedlings.","authors":"Min Zhu, Li Su, Nianjie Shang, Shicheng Su, Fuyin Jiang, Yan He, Xingwu Zhou, Yangyang Zhao, Xiaoli Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08241-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08241-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-08167-9
Prabhanshu Mishra, Ankita Kashyap, Chavlesh Kumar, Amit Kumar Goswami, R M Sharma, Shruti Sethi, Rakesh Singh, Gyan Prakash Mishra, Virendra Singh Rana, Rajeev Ranjan Kumar, Kritidipta Pramanik, Pragya Ranjan, Sanjay Kumar Singh, M K Sushravya, Dhirendra Rajpoot
Background: Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a major pantropical fruit crop, valued for its nutritional composition, wider adaptability, and economic significance. Since its introduction in India during the 17th century, guava cultivars have exhibited a narrow genetic base, with most existing genotypes arising from open-pollinated selections or crosses involving a limited number of genotypes. Furthermore, much of the available germplasm has been named based on fruit characteristics or place/regions of origin, leading to confusion in classification and hindering the precise identification and utilization of genetic resources in guava breeding programs. To address this, 49 morpho-biochemical parameters were assessed in 51 diverse Psidium genotypes, including cultivars, varieties, hybrids, related wild species, and exotic/USDA introductions.
Results: Substantial variability was observed among globally collected guava germplasm for fruit traits, with fruit weight ranging from 11.67 g (Psidium molle) to 379 g (S. N90-53), seed number from 8 (S. N11-3) to 512 (S. N15-3), leaf length from 5.57 to 17.17 cm, leaf width from 2.07 to 7.90 cm, and petiole length from 0.17 to 0.77 cm. Germplasm also differed in qualitative descriptors, including branch orientation, bark colour, leaf morphology, tip structure, and fruit surface traits, with wild species forming distinct morphological groups. Additionally, biochemical traits varied widely, including the contents of total soluble solid (6.8-13.8 °Brix), acidity (0.25-1.60%), total sugars (3.62-9.21 g/100 g FW), ascorbic acid (88.36-302.46 mg/100 g FW), ferric reducing antioxidants power (7.74-20.69 µM TE/g FW), free radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay)(85.72-98.47%), lycopene (0.05-8.91 mg/100 g FW), and total carotenoids (0.05-2.76 mg/100 g FW). Besides, principal component analysis indicated PC1 (22.1%) related to fruit size and PC2 (15.2%) to biochemical traits. Furthermore, cluster analysis grouped 51 guava genotypes into three clusters, distinguishing wild from cultivated types.
Conclusions: The study confirms the presence of wide morpho-biochemical variability in Psidium germplasm, offering valuable genetic resources for genetic improvement programs, aimed at enhanced fruit quality with rich antioxidants, bio-fortification, and the tailoring of novel guava genotypes with reduced seed content, enhanced seed mellowness, and tenet branching, fitting in high-density planting and improved yield efficiency.
背景:番石榴(Psidium guajava L.)是一种重要的泛热带水果作物,因其营养成分、广泛的适应性和经济意义而受到重视。自从番石榴在17世纪被引入印度以来,番石榴品种表现出一个狭窄的遗传基础,大多数现有的基因型来自开放授粉的选择或涉及有限数量基因型的杂交。此外,许多可用的种质资源都是根据果实特征或原产地/地区命名的,导致分类混乱,阻碍了番石榴遗传资源的准确鉴定和利用。为了解决这一问题,我们对51个不同的紫金草基因型进行了49个形态生化参数的评估,包括栽培品种、品种、杂交品种、相关野生物种和外来/美国农业部引种的紫金草。结果:全球收集的番石榴种质在果实性状上存在较大差异,果实重11.67 g ~ 379 g (S. N90-53),种子数8粒(S. N11-3) ~ 512粒(S. N15-3),叶长5.57 ~ 17.17 cm,叶宽2.07 ~ 7.90 cm,叶柄长0.17 ~ 0.77 cm。种质资源在枝向、树皮颜色、叶形态、叶尖结构和果实表面性状等定性描述上也存在差异,野生物种形成不同的形态类群。此外,生物化学性状差异很大,包括总可溶性固溶物(6.8-13.8°Brix)、酸度(0.25-1.60%)、总糖(3.62-9.21 g/100 g FW)、抗坏血酸(88.36-302.46 mg/100 g FW)、铁还原抗氧化剂(7.74-20.69µM TE/g FW)、自由基清除能力(2,2-二苯基-1-picrylhydrazyl测定)(85.72-98.47%)、番茄红素(0.05-8.91 mg/100 g FW)和总类胡萝卜素(0.05-2.76 mg/100 g FW)。主成分分析表明,PC1(22.1%)与果实大小相关,PC2(15.2%)与生化性状相关。此外,聚类分析将51个番石榴基因型分为3个聚类,区分了野生型和栽培型。结论:该研究证实番石榴种质存在广泛的形态生化变异,为番石榴的遗传改良提供了宝贵的遗传资源,旨在通过丰富的抗氧化剂来提高果实品质,生物强化,以及通过降低种子含量、增强种子甜度和叶脉分枝来定制新的番石榴基因型,适合高密度种植和提高产量效率。
{"title":"Morpho-biochemical insights into globally collected guava germplasm (Psidium spp.): opportunities for utilization in breeding.","authors":"Prabhanshu Mishra, Ankita Kashyap, Chavlesh Kumar, Amit Kumar Goswami, R M Sharma, Shruti Sethi, Rakesh Singh, Gyan Prakash Mishra, Virendra Singh Rana, Rajeev Ranjan Kumar, Kritidipta Pramanik, Pragya Ranjan, Sanjay Kumar Singh, M K Sushravya, Dhirendra Rajpoot","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08167-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08167-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a major pantropical fruit crop, valued for its nutritional composition, wider adaptability, and economic significance. Since its introduction in India during the 17<sup>th</sup> century, guava cultivars have exhibited a narrow genetic base, with most existing genotypes arising from open-pollinated selections or crosses involving a limited number of genotypes. Furthermore, much of the available germplasm has been named based on fruit characteristics or place/regions of origin, leading to confusion in classification and hindering the precise identification and utilization of genetic resources in guava breeding programs. To address this, 49 morpho-biochemical parameters were assessed in 51 diverse Psidium genotypes, including cultivars, varieties, hybrids, related wild species, and exotic/USDA introductions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substantial variability was observed among globally collected guava germplasm for fruit traits, with fruit weight ranging from 11.67 g (Psidium molle) to 379 g (S. N90-53), seed number from 8 (S. N11-3) to 512 (S. N15-3), leaf length from 5.57 to 17.17 cm, leaf width from 2.07 to 7.90 cm, and petiole length from 0.17 to 0.77 cm. Germplasm also differed in qualitative descriptors, including branch orientation, bark colour, leaf morphology, tip structure, and fruit surface traits, with wild species forming distinct morphological groups. Additionally, biochemical traits varied widely, including the contents of total soluble solid (6.8-13.8 °Brix), acidity (0.25-1.60%), total sugars (3.62-9.21 g/100 g FW), ascorbic acid (88.36-302.46 mg/100 g FW), ferric reducing antioxidants power (7.74-20.69 µM TE/g FW), free radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay)(85.72-98.47%), lycopene (0.05-8.91 mg/100 g FW), and total carotenoids (0.05-2.76 mg/100 g FW). Besides, principal component analysis indicated PC1 (22.1%) related to fruit size and PC2 (15.2%) to biochemical traits. Furthermore, cluster analysis grouped 51 guava genotypes into three clusters, distinguishing wild from cultivated types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study confirms the presence of wide morpho-biochemical variability in Psidium germplasm, offering valuable genetic resources for genetic improvement programs, aimed at enhanced fruit quality with rich antioxidants, bio-fortification, and the tailoring of novel guava genotypes with reduced seed content, enhanced seed mellowness, and tenet branching, fitting in high-density planting and improved yield efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hibiscus L., the largest genus in the Malvaceae family, comprises numerous species of significant ornamental value. However, it remains a phylogenetically contentious taxon that has been historically neglected in systematic evolutionary studies.
Results: In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast genomes of 51 samples from 36 Hibiscus species and related genera. Multiple analyses were performed to reveal their genome structures, GC contents, codon usage, cross-species Ka/Ks ratios, SSR distributions, and nucleotide diversities. Concatenated and coalescent-based approaches were used for phylogenetic analyses. Several methods, including the calculation of concordance factors (gCFs and sCFs), MSCquartets and reticulate networks, were employed to explore the causes of phylogenetic conflicts. Furthermore, using branch-site model, we identified positively selected genes. Our results revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Hibiscus species were highly conserved in structure. Their sizes ranged from 160,068 to 163,579 bp, encoding approximately 130 genes, and their GC content varied only between 36.55% and 37%. Notably, 15 highly polymorphic loci (e.g., trnS-GCU, trnS-UGA, and trnG-GCC) were identified as candidate molecular markers for population genetics and horticultural breeding. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hibiscus and related genera are polyphyletic and could be divided into three well-supported groups. Novel species relationships were first detected at the plastome level. We also revealed significant phylogenetic conflicts between Hibiscus and related genera, attributed to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and reticulate evolution, which collectively explain the complex and polyphyletic relationships among them. Evolutionary rate analyses revealed a Ka/Ks ratio > 1.0 for the ycf1 gene, while positive selection analysis identified eleven genes (e.g., accD, atpF and ndhA) harboring amino acid sites under selection, primarily involved in photosynthetic pathways.
Conclusions: Our results highlight the complex relationships within Hibiscus species and their close relatives, characterized by blurred intergeneric boundaries. Moreover, Hibiscus species and their close relatives have undergone significant purifying selection, with many photosynthesis-related genes playing pivotal roles. This study provides essential genomic resources and evolutionary insights to guide future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Hibiscus.
{"title":"Chloroplast genomes provide new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Hibiscus L.","authors":"Xiaoqing Shi, Xi Chen, Jiao Ma, Shengwen Tang, Zhangshun Zhu, Fangwen Li, Guo Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-08072-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-08072-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hibiscus L., the largest genus in the Malvaceae family, comprises numerous species of significant ornamental value. However, it remains a phylogenetically contentious taxon that has been historically neglected in systematic evolutionary studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast genomes of 51 samples from 36 Hibiscus species and related genera. Multiple analyses were performed to reveal their genome structures, GC contents, codon usage, cross-species Ka/Ks ratios, SSR distributions, and nucleotide diversities. Concatenated and coalescent-based approaches were used for phylogenetic analyses. Several methods, including the calculation of concordance factors (gCFs and sCFs), MSCquartets and reticulate networks, were employed to explore the causes of phylogenetic conflicts. Furthermore, using branch-site model, we identified positively selected genes. Our results revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Hibiscus species were highly conserved in structure. Their sizes ranged from 160,068 to 163,579 bp, encoding approximately 130 genes, and their GC content varied only between 36.55% and 37%. Notably, 15 highly polymorphic loci (e.g., trnS-GCU, trnS-UGA, and trnG-GCC) were identified as candidate molecular markers for population genetics and horticultural breeding. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hibiscus and related genera are polyphyletic and could be divided into three well-supported groups. Novel species relationships were first detected at the plastome level. We also revealed significant phylogenetic conflicts between Hibiscus and related genera, attributed to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and reticulate evolution, which collectively explain the complex and polyphyletic relationships among them. Evolutionary rate analyses revealed a Ka/Ks ratio > 1.0 for the ycf1 gene, while positive selection analysis identified eleven genes (e.g., accD, atpF and ndhA) harboring amino acid sites under selection, primarily involved in photosynthetic pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results highlight the complex relationships within Hibiscus species and their close relatives, characterized by blurred intergeneric boundaries. Moreover, Hibiscus species and their close relatives have undergone significant purifying selection, with many photosynthesis-related genes playing pivotal roles. This study provides essential genomic resources and evolutionary insights to guide future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Hibiscus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-08162-0
Maryam Kholghi, Hadi Alipour, Reza Darvishzadeh, Ehsan Rabieyan
{"title":"Identification of Iranian bread wheat with superior performance under well-watered and rain-fed conditions using linear selection indices.","authors":"Maryam Kholghi, Hadi Alipour, Reza Darvishzadeh, Ehsan Rabieyan","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08162-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08162-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-08275-6
Yusuf Bayar, Melih Yılar, Hayriye Didem Sağlam Altınköy, Abdurrahman Onaran
Background: Gypsophila species are rich in saponins and phenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities; however, there is not much information about their herbicidal, insecticidal, or fungicidal effects.
Result: This study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and examine the herbicidal, antifungal, and insecticidal effects of Gypsophila pilosa Huds., a species of the Caryophyllaceae family, to evaluate its potential as an environmental friendly biopesticide for sustainable agriculture. The soil properties at the collection site were evaluated, and plant material was collected from Kırşehir Province, Turkey. The phytochemical structure of the aerial parts (leaves+flowers+shoots) methanol extract was analysed using LC-ESI-MS/MS. A phytochemical study found eight phenolic compounds, with rosmarinic acid (17,710 mg/kg), ferulic acid (13,955 mg/kg), and rutin (2,994 mg/kg) being the main components. Methanol and hexane extracts were prepared and tested for their herbicidal activity against Rumex crispus L., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. and Triticum aestivum L., as well as their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)de Bary, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Monilinia fructigena (Pers.) Honey. Additionally, they were tested for their insecticidal activity against Sitophilus granaries. Herbicidal research indicated a significant decrease of germination and seedling development in R. crispus and T. officinale, with methanol extracts exhibiting total suppression of T. officinale at increased treatments. Antifungal assays showed that both methanol and hexane extracts inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani, P. infestans, and M. fructigena, although S. sclerotiorum showed resistance. Insecticidal experiments demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent mortality of S. granarius, with the methanol extract obtaining a mortality rate of up to 61% at a 20% concentration after 96 h.
Conclusions: This research is the first demonstration of the biopesticidal properties of G. pilosa, showing significant herbicidal, antifungal, and insecticidal effects. The findings indicate that G. pilosa could be used as an environmental friendly alternative for chemical pesticides, improving integrated pest management strategies while supporting sustainable farming practices.
背景:石膏属植物富含皂苷和酚类化合物,具有抗菌、细胞毒和抗氧化活性;然而,关于它们的除草、杀虫或杀真菌作用的信息并不多。结果:本研究主要研究了毒Gypsophila pilosa Huds的植物化学成分,并考察了其除草、抗真菌和杀虫作用。以评价其作为可持续农业环境友好型生物农药的潜力。对采集地点的土壤性质进行了评价,并从土耳其Kırşehir省收集了植物材料。采用LC-ESI-MS/MS分析了甲醇提取物(叶+花+芽)的化学结构。一项植物化学研究发现了八种酚类化合物,其中迷迭香酸(17,710毫克/公斤)、阿魏酸(13,955毫克/公斤)和芦丁(2,994毫克/公斤)是主要成分。制备了甲醇和己烷提取物,并对其除草活性进行了测定。和小麦,以及它们对茄枯丝核菌的抑菌活性。,菌核菌(Lib.)de Bary,疫霉(Mont.) de Bary和果霉菌(Pers.)蜂蜜。此外,还对它们的杀虫活性进行了测试。除草研究表明,在增加处理量的情况下,甲醇提取物对山药的萌发和幼苗发育有明显的抑制作用。抗真菌试验表明,甲醇和己烷提取物均能抑制番茄霉、病原菌和果实霉的菌丝生长,但菌核霉表现出抗性。杀虫实验表明,木犀草的死亡率与剂量和时间有关,甲醇提取物在20%浓度下,96 h后的死亡率高达61%。结论:本研究首次证明了木犀草的生物杀虫特性,具有显著的除草、抗真菌和杀虫作用。研究结果表明,金针菇可以作为一种环境友好型的化学农药替代品,在支持可持续农业实践的同时,改善病虫害综合治理策略。
{"title":"Phytochemical composition and biopesticidal potential of Gypsophila pilosa Huds.","authors":"Yusuf Bayar, Melih Yılar, Hayriye Didem Sağlam Altınköy, Abdurrahman Onaran","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08275-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08275-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gypsophila species are rich in saponins and phenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities; however, there is not much information about their herbicidal, insecticidal, or fungicidal effects.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and examine the herbicidal, antifungal, and insecticidal effects of Gypsophila pilosa Huds., a species of the Caryophyllaceae family, to evaluate its potential as an environmental friendly biopesticide for sustainable agriculture. The soil properties at the collection site were evaluated, and plant material was collected from Kırşehir Province, Turkey. The phytochemical structure of the aerial parts (leaves+flowers+shoots) methanol extract was analysed using LC-ESI-MS/MS. A phytochemical study found eight phenolic compounds, with rosmarinic acid (17,710 mg/kg), ferulic acid (13,955 mg/kg), and rutin (2,994 mg/kg) being the main components. Methanol and hexane extracts were prepared and tested for their herbicidal activity against Rumex crispus L., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. and Triticum aestivum L., as well as their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)de Bary, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Monilinia fructigena (Pers.) Honey. Additionally, they were tested for their insecticidal activity against Sitophilus granaries. Herbicidal research indicated a significant decrease of germination and seedling development in R. crispus and T. officinale, with methanol extracts exhibiting total suppression of T. officinale at increased treatments. Antifungal assays showed that both methanol and hexane extracts inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani, P. infestans, and M. fructigena, although S. sclerotiorum showed resistance. Insecticidal experiments demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent mortality of S. granarius, with the methanol extract obtaining a mortality rate of up to 61% at a 20% concentration after 96 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research is the first demonstration of the biopesticidal properties of G. pilosa, showing significant herbicidal, antifungal, and insecticidal effects. The findings indicate that G. pilosa could be used as an environmental friendly alternative for chemical pesticides, improving integrated pest management strategies while supporting sustainable farming practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-08244-z
Mohammad Esmaeil Ameri Bafqi, Amir Mohammad Naji, Heshmat Omidi, Amir Bostani
{"title":"Exploring the influence of nanosilica on monoterpene biosynthesis, PAL1 and LS gene expression in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under water-deficit stress.","authors":"Mohammad Esmaeil Ameri Bafqi, Amir Mohammad Naji, Heshmat Omidi, Amir Bostani","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08244-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08244-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1186/s12870-026-08095-8
Mohammed Ali
{"title":"Molecular insights into Valencene synthase (SgTPS-V) and its role in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.","authors":"Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08095-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08095-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9198,"journal":{"name":"BMC Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}