Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2098
C. P. V. C. Luz, J. U. Delgado, L. Sá, D. A. Conceição
Certifying professionals in radioprotection (RP), according to the requirements and qualifications established in current Brazilian legislation, ensures that procedures and practices in radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine be performed based on the fundamental principles of radioprotection. However, in none of the regulations and resolutions of the country involving the use of ionizing radiation, the qualification in RP for interventional physicians, radiologists, radiotherapists, nuclear physicians, dentists, nurses and auxiliaries, specialists in medical physics, radiopharmaceuticals, technologists and technicians are clearly defined. It is necessary to adoption a certification scheme through the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17024:2013 standard, which will benefit the professionals themselves as well as the patients increasing the safety in RP in the country. This is to the fact that there is no harmony in the regulation of these professionals with the responsible bodies, nor uniformity in practices through international recommendations. This paper proposes the implementation of a quality management system to certify these professionals according to the principles of radiation protection through a survey of needs regarding to the certification of people and the evaluation of systems implemented in other countries.
{"title":"The importance of quality management system to certify radioprotection professionals in the medical field","authors":"C. P. V. C. Luz, J. U. Delgado, L. Sá, D. A. Conceição","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2098","url":null,"abstract":"Certifying professionals in radioprotection (RP), according to the requirements and qualifications established in current Brazilian legislation, ensures that procedures and practices in radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine be performed based on the fundamental principles of radioprotection. However, in none of the regulations and resolutions of the country involving the use of ionizing radiation, the qualification in RP for interventional physicians, radiologists, radiotherapists, nuclear physicians, dentists, nurses and auxiliaries, specialists in medical physics, radiopharmaceuticals, technologists and technicians are clearly defined. It is necessary to adoption a certification scheme through the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17024:2013 standard, which will benefit the professionals themselves as well as the patients increasing the safety in RP in the country. This is to the fact that there is no harmony in the regulation of these professionals with the responsible bodies, nor uniformity in practices through international recommendations. This paper proposes the implementation of a quality management system to certify these professionals according to the principles of radiation protection through a survey of needs regarding to the certification of people and the evaluation of systems implemented in other countries.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73478309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2081
F. M. .. Souza, Ruy S. R. Neto, Arthur Rocha, S. Cardoso
Cancer is the second leading cause of death for children and one of the treatment options for this disease is radiotherapy. Children treated with radiotherapy using photon beams are more likely to develop secondary neoplasms. Proton therapy can reduce the probability of neoplasm formation by up to 50%. Recent studies propose the use of ultra high dose rates as a treatment option. From the threshold of 40 Gy/s it is possible to reach the FLASH effect. This technique protects healthy tissue while maintaining tumor control. The effect was validated in vivo using a proton beam and, therefore, it will be available as a new treatment option. On the other hand, the proposal for FLASH treatment with a proton beam would not use the Bragg peak located in the target volume, which is the differential of proton radiotherapy. In addition, the increase in the intensity of the beam and the energy of the particles, lead to the generation of a greater amount of neutrons. The objective of this work is to evaluate the dose due to the neutrons generated in the interaction with the accelerator components in FLASH proton therapy in relation to conventional proton therapy. The dose evaluation was performed through Monte Carlo simulations, using a water phantom, with the code TOPAS MC. The results found show that the dose of neutrons in the FLASH technique would be about 100 times greater than the dose in the conventional technique. Still, it would be below 1% of the prescribed dose.
{"title":"Neutron dose evaluation in conventional and FLASH proton therapy","authors":"F. M. .. Souza, Ruy S. R. Neto, Arthur Rocha, S. Cardoso","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2081","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is the second leading cause of death for children and one of the treatment options for this disease is radiotherapy. Children treated with radiotherapy using photon beams are more likely to develop secondary neoplasms. Proton therapy can reduce the probability of neoplasm formation by up to 50%. Recent studies propose the use of ultra high dose rates as a treatment option. From the threshold of 40 Gy/s it is possible to reach the FLASH effect. This technique protects healthy tissue while maintaining tumor control. The effect was validated in vivo using a proton beam and, therefore, it will be available as a new treatment option. On the other hand, the proposal for FLASH treatment with a proton beam would not use the Bragg peak located in the target volume, which is the differential of proton radiotherapy. In addition, the increase in the intensity of the beam and the energy of the particles, lead to the generation of a greater amount of neutrons. The objective of this work is to evaluate the dose due to the neutrons generated in the interaction with the accelerator components in FLASH proton therapy in relation to conventional proton therapy. The dose evaluation was performed through Monte Carlo simulations, using a water phantom, with the code TOPAS MC. The results found show that the dose of neutrons in the FLASH technique would be about 100 times greater than the dose in the conventional technique. Still, it would be below 1% of the prescribed dose.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80180293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2111
Alvaro Brito Caldas Neto
In recent years, Brazil has intensified investments in nuclear innovation for peaceful purposes. Currently, in the country, there are six reactors in operation and three under construction. These reactors, at the end of their useful life, must be decommissioned, in a process that includes technical and administrative actions aimed at the partial or total removal of regulatory control, with a view of to the safety of the installation site, the health of employees, the public, and the protection of the environment. Thus, these activities involve risks that must be managed systematically, following the rules and guidelines established by responsible bodies. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recently identified the need for practical guidelines for risk management in decommissioning projects and elaborated the publication “Management of Project Risks in Decommissioning” of the Safety Reports Series Nº 97. In Brazil, there is no experience in execution the decommissioning of nuclear reactors, thus, this work will present and analyze the main risks of nuclear reactor decommissioning projects in Brazil, using techniques from the risk assessment process of the ISO/IEC 31010 Standard, considering the wide international experience portrayed on the subject.
{"title":"Risks to be considered in Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Projects in Brazil","authors":"Alvaro Brito Caldas Neto","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2111","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Brazil has intensified investments in nuclear innovation for peaceful purposes. Currently, in the country, there are six reactors in operation and three under construction. These reactors, at the end of their useful life, must be decommissioned, in a process that includes technical and administrative actions aimed at the partial or total removal of regulatory control, with a view of to the safety of the installation site, the health of employees, the public, and the protection of the environment. Thus, these activities involve risks that must be managed systematically, following the rules and guidelines established by responsible bodies. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recently identified the need for practical guidelines for risk management in decommissioning projects and elaborated the publication “Management of Project Risks in Decommissioning” of the Safety Reports Series Nº 97. In Brazil, there is no experience in execution the decommissioning of nuclear reactors, thus, this work will present and analyze the main risks of nuclear reactor decommissioning projects in Brazil, using techniques from the risk assessment process of the ISO/IEC 31010 Standard, considering the wide international experience portrayed on the subject.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82171111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2060
Yago Viana Pinto, Rodrigo Modesto Gadelha Gontijo, A. V. Ferreira
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 disease, imaging methods such as X-Ray and Computed Tomography have stood out as feasible tools for diagnosing and evaluating the disease, especially regarding its lung occurrence in symptomatic patients. However, in the course of the pandemic, COVID-19 showed its effects in other tissues such as heart, brain and veins, triggering inflammatory processes. Thus, other imaging methods such as Positron Emission Tomography-Computer Tomography (PET-CT) and Magnetic Resonance have shown to be good sources of information about the location and intensity of the inflammation. This article reviews some of these imaging methods, its findings, feasibilities, advantages and limitations for COVID-19 diagnostic and evaluating.
{"title":"Medical imaging technologies applied to the COVID-19 context","authors":"Yago Viana Pinto, Rodrigo Modesto Gadelha Gontijo, A. V. Ferreira","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2060","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of COVID-19 disease, imaging methods such as X-Ray and Computed Tomography have stood out as feasible tools for diagnosing and evaluating the disease, especially regarding its lung occurrence in symptomatic patients. However, in the course of the pandemic, COVID-19 showed its effects in other tissues such as heart, brain and veins, triggering inflammatory processes. Thus, other imaging methods such as Positron Emission Tomography-Computer Tomography (PET-CT) and Magnetic Resonance have shown to be good sources of information about the location and intensity of the inflammation. This article reviews some of these imaging methods, its findings, feasibilities, advantages and limitations for COVID-19 diagnostic and evaluating.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88164561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2053
T. Campos, K. Motoki, Valéria Pastura, S. Sichel, E. Fonseca
This research had the objective of studying the absorbed dose of the street corner intersections from the South zone of Natal city, Brazil. This city grew up on dune lands, on siliciclastic rocks from Barreiras Formation, these dunes are quartz-sand and have heavy mineral layers bearing uranium and thorium (monazite, xenothymeo, thorianite, ilmenite, rutile, zircon, magnetite and columbite-tantalite). Not all streets in Natal city have paving, in the part with more movement they have asphalt covering over cobblestone, in the less busy have cobblestone covering, and in the quiet streets are in natural dune sand. In situ Gamma radiation measurements were performed with three portable spectrometers model RS-230 with BGO crystal, about 1 meter above the ground. The absorbed dose ranged from 11 to 150 ƞGy/h (MG: 40; Median: 39; SD: 18). In gamma spectrometry measure, Uranium varied between 0.1 to 6.2 Eq.A. ppm (MG: 1.6; Median: 1.4; SD: 1), Thorium between 0.7 to 32 Eq.A. ppm (MG: 6; Median: 5; SD: 3.3), Potassium ranged between 0.1 to 3.9 Eq.A. % (MG: 1.2; Median: 1.2; SD: 0.7). The values of the absorbed dose of external radiation measured in the studied street corners show values lower than the world average of 59 ƞGy/h, and annual effective dose is also lower than the global average value of 0.48 mSv/a. Areas with higher U-K contents correspond to areas with asphalt/cobblestone capping, while areas with higher Th contents correspond to sandy streets and dunes in protected areas. This fact denote a lower radiometric risk to the population.
{"title":"Gamma radiation of the street corners from South zone of Natal city, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil","authors":"T. Campos, K. Motoki, Valéria Pastura, S. Sichel, E. Fonseca","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2053","url":null,"abstract":"This research had the objective of studying the absorbed dose of the street corner intersections from the South zone of Natal city, Brazil. This city grew up on dune lands, on siliciclastic rocks from Barreiras Formation, these dunes are quartz-sand and have heavy mineral layers bearing uranium and thorium (monazite, xenothymeo, thorianite, ilmenite, rutile, zircon, magnetite and columbite-tantalite). Not all streets in Natal city have paving, in the part with more movement they have asphalt covering over cobblestone, in the less busy have cobblestone covering, and in the quiet streets are in natural dune sand. In situ Gamma radiation measurements were performed with three portable spectrometers model RS-230 with BGO crystal, about 1 meter above the ground. The absorbed dose ranged from 11 to 150 ƞGy/h (MG: 40; Median: 39; SD: 18). In gamma spectrometry measure, Uranium varied between 0.1 to 6.2 Eq.A. ppm (MG: 1.6; Median: 1.4; SD: 1), Thorium between 0.7 to 32 Eq.A. ppm (MG: 6; Median: 5; SD: 3.3), Potassium ranged between 0.1 to 3.9 Eq.A. % (MG: 1.2; Median: 1.2; SD: 0.7). The values of the absorbed dose of external radiation measured in the studied street corners show values lower than the world average of 59 ƞGy/h, and annual effective dose is also lower than the global average value of 0.48 mSv/a. Areas with higher U-K contents correspond to areas with asphalt/cobblestone capping, while areas with higher Th contents correspond to sandy streets and dunes in protected areas. This fact denote a lower radiometric risk to the population.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80869400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2086
Marcio Martins de Araujo, Fabrício Caldeira Reis, Jamile Icassatti Saud Romano, V. Arthur
Brazil is one of the world's largest grain producers, and inadequate storage favors the appearance of pests. Among the most important insect species, the genus Sitophilus and Tribolium stand out. The constant use of chemical pesticides leads to the selection of resistant populations and the need to study different methods for integrated control. Considering these aspects, the present study aimed to evaluate the mortality of adult individuals of S. zeamais in brown rice and T. castaneum in wheat flour, collected on substrates sold in the retail trade in São Paulo/SP city, exposed to increasing doses of gamma radiation. The experiment was carried out at the Radiation Technology Center at the Institute for Energetic and Nuclear Research – IPEN/USP, the substrates with the specimens were irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy in a Cobalt-60 source, type Gammacell 220, at a dose rate of 0.903 kGy/hour. The experiment consisted of 4 replicates per treatment and each replicate 10 insects, in a total of 40 insects per treatment, and the statistical design was completely randomized. The dose of 75 Gy was sufficient to obtain 100% efficiency for S. zeamais, but the dose of 200 Gy did not reach satisfactory efficiency for controlling T. castaneum. Therefore, a dose of 400 Gy should be recommended for the control of these two insect species in their respective substrates.
{"title":"Effects of gamma radiation on adults of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) collected in the retail trade in São Paulo/SP city","authors":"Marcio Martins de Araujo, Fabrício Caldeira Reis, Jamile Icassatti Saud Romano, V. Arthur","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2086","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil is one of the world's largest grain producers, and inadequate storage favors the appearance of pests. Among the most important insect species, the genus Sitophilus and Tribolium stand out. The constant use of chemical pesticides leads to the selection of resistant populations and the need to study different methods for integrated control. Considering these aspects, the present study aimed to evaluate the mortality of adult individuals of S. zeamais in brown rice and T. castaneum in wheat flour, collected on substrates sold in the retail trade in São Paulo/SP city, exposed to increasing doses of gamma radiation. The experiment was carried out at the Radiation Technology Center at the Institute for Energetic and Nuclear Research – IPEN/USP, the substrates with the specimens were irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 Gy in a Cobalt-60 source, type Gammacell 220, at a dose rate of 0.903 kGy/hour. The experiment consisted of 4 replicates per treatment and each replicate 10 insects, in a total of 40 insects per treatment, and the statistical design was completely randomized. The dose of 75 Gy was sufficient to obtain 100% efficiency for S. zeamais, but the dose of 200 Gy did not reach satisfactory efficiency for controlling T. castaneum. Therefore, a dose of 400 Gy should be recommended for the control of these two insect species in their respective substrates.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81062186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2097
Victor de Castro Vasconcelos, G. Fontes, R. L. Tavares
The present work aimed to describe, present, and evaluate a Physical Protection System (PPS) for a hypothetical facility of an intermediate radioactive waste deposit, following international and national security criteria. Therefore, it carried out an evaluation of the Physical Protection System (PPS) applying the DEPO (Design and Evaluation Process Outline) methodology with a sequence of three phases of the protection system design and assessment of its vulnerabilities. The overall assessment of PPS was performed from the calculation of the overall probability of system effectiveness (PE) through the methods of adversary sequence diagrams, path analysis, and neutralization analysis. PPS presented a PE value of only 6.5%, three improvements were proposed and their impacts were analyzed. The reduction of the response time of the security forces led to a value of 78% of the PE and the increase of the time delay (TD) in the barriers closer to the target made the PPS efficiency reach 92%, higher than the acceptable value of 85%. The results showed that the evaluation of the proposed hypothetical project allowed adaptations so that the ideal level of PPS effectiveness could be reached with few interventions. The initial project was prepared in accordance with current regulations (traditional prescriptive approach) and, even so, presented a low probability of overall effectiveness, leading to the need for adjustments that were only possible by applying the DEPO methodology (performance-based approach).
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of a Physical Protection System for a Radioactive Waste Intermediary Storage","authors":"Victor de Castro Vasconcelos, G. Fontes, R. L. Tavares","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2097","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aimed to describe, present, and evaluate a Physical Protection System (PPS) for a hypothetical facility of an intermediate radioactive waste deposit, following international and national security criteria. Therefore, it carried out an evaluation of the Physical Protection System (PPS) applying the DEPO (Design and Evaluation Process Outline) methodology with a sequence of three phases of the protection system design and assessment of its vulnerabilities. The overall assessment of PPS was performed from the calculation of the overall probability of system effectiveness (PE) through the methods of adversary sequence diagrams, path analysis, and neutralization analysis. PPS presented a PE value of only 6.5%, three improvements were proposed and their impacts were analyzed. The reduction of the response time of the security forces led to a value of 78% of the PE and the increase of the time delay (TD) in the barriers closer to the target made the PPS efficiency reach 92%, higher than the acceptable value of 85%. The results showed that the evaluation of the proposed hypothetical project allowed adaptations so that the ideal level of PPS effectiveness could be reached with few interventions. The initial project was prepared in accordance with current regulations (traditional prescriptive approach) and, even so, presented a low probability of overall effectiveness, leading to the need for adjustments that were only possible by applying the DEPO methodology (performance-based approach).","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79595101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2080
T. Paulino, J. O. Oliveira Júnior, D. Baldo, N. Aranha, D. B. Gonçalves, M. M. D. C. Vila, V. Balcão
The determination of impurities in raw materials intended for the production of pharmaceutical products is important to guarantee the quality of the final product, as well as to avoid damage to health. Metallic impurities can exhibit toxic effects even at low concentrations and so permissible levels are defined by the regulatory agencies and pharmacopeias. However, few methods are presented in official compendia in Brazil. In this sense, fast, sensitive, and precise techniques such as the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique (EDXRF) must be evaluated for the analysis of metals in materials for pharmaceutical use. This way, therefore, there is the need to investigate the presence of contaminants and their concentration levels. The major goal of this research work was to validate a method for using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique to identify and quantify the chemical composition of raw materials and pharmaceutical products. The methodology used was based on the selection of a microcrystalline cellulose matrix, which was spiked with two classes of contaminant elements, Class 1 (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) and Class 2A (Co, V, Ni) as defined by ICH guideline Q3D. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out using the EDXRF technique, which proved to be quite effective and met all the validation parameters required in the mandatory official compendia (Resolution of the Collegiate Board (RDC) of Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) nº 166, July 24, 2017), such as selectivity, linearity, precision, detection limit, quantification limit and robustness. This study showed that EDXRF can be used as a technique for detection and quantification of elemental impurities belonging to Class 1 and Class 2A.
{"title":"Validation of the analytical method using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique (EDXRF) for application in pharmaceutical sciences","authors":"T. Paulino, J. O. Oliveira Júnior, D. Baldo, N. Aranha, D. B. Gonçalves, M. M. D. C. Vila, V. Balcão","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2080","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of impurities in raw materials intended for the production of pharmaceutical products is important to guarantee the quality of the final product, as well as to avoid damage to health. Metallic impurities can exhibit toxic effects even at low concentrations and so permissible levels are defined by the regulatory agencies and pharmacopeias. However, few methods are presented in official compendia in Brazil. In this sense, fast, sensitive, and precise techniques such as the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique (EDXRF) must be evaluated for the analysis of metals in materials for pharmaceutical use. This way, therefore, there is the need to investigate the presence of contaminants and their concentration levels. The major goal of this research work was to validate a method for using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique to identify and quantify the chemical composition of raw materials and pharmaceutical products. The methodology used was based on the selection of a microcrystalline cellulose matrix, which was spiked with two classes of contaminant elements, Class 1 (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) and Class 2A (Co, V, Ni) as defined by ICH guideline Q3D. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out using the EDXRF technique, which proved to be quite effective and met all the validation parameters required in the mandatory official compendia (Resolution of the Collegiate Board (RDC) of Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) nº 166, July 24, 2017), such as selectivity, linearity, precision, detection limit, quantification limit and robustness. This study showed that EDXRF can be used as a technique for detection and quantification of elemental impurities belonging to Class 1 and Class 2A.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76408568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2047
Poliane A.L. Santos, M. Flamini, F. Mourato, Fernando R.A. Lima, Joelan A. L. Santos, Fabiana F. Lima, Estelita T.B. Albuquerque, Alexandra C. De Freitas, S. Brandão
Radioiodine therapy (RIT) is a complementary treatment to total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are usually required in clinical practice to increase RIT efficacy. Suspension of levothyroxine hormone for weeks is usually necessary, greatly impacting patients' quality of life. Patients with DTC of low or intermediate-risk were divided into two groups - one where levothyroxine was suspended for 4-5 weeks and a TSH ≥ 30 mUI/L was required for radioiodine administration (group 1), and another where levothyroxine was suspended for two weeks only (group 2). The RIT efficacy was compared between the groups. The absorbed dose in the cervical region after 24 hours was also calculated and correlated with TSH. The quality of life was also accessed with the EORTC questionnaire. Thirty-one patients were included in this study (14 in group 1 and 17 in group 2), with a mean age of 45.7 ± 10.6 years and 29 (93.5%) females. The mean TSH level for group 1 was 67.0 ± 35.6 UI/ml, and for group 2 was 31.3 ± 29.4 UI/ml. After six months, the successful RIT frequency was 66.6% for group 1 and 73.3% for group 2. Patients from group 2 showed better quality of life. TSH level ≥ 30 mUI/L is not critical for the success of RIT in patients with low or intermediate risk DTC. A two-week suspension of thyroid hormone appears to meet similar RIT needs, providing a better quality of life.
{"title":"Is a four-week hormone suspension necessary for thyroid remnant ablation in low and intermediate risk patients? A pilot study with quality-of-life assessment","authors":"Poliane A.L. Santos, M. Flamini, F. Mourato, Fernando R.A. Lima, Joelan A. L. Santos, Fabiana F. Lima, Estelita T.B. Albuquerque, Alexandra C. De Freitas, S. Brandão","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2047","url":null,"abstract":"Radioiodine therapy (RIT) is a complementary treatment to total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are usually required in clinical practice to increase RIT efficacy. Suspension of levothyroxine hormone for weeks is usually necessary, greatly impacting patients' quality of life. Patients with DTC of low or intermediate-risk were divided into two groups - one where levothyroxine was suspended for 4-5 weeks and a TSH ≥ 30 mUI/L was required for radioiodine administration (group 1), and another where levothyroxine was suspended for two weeks only (group 2). The RIT efficacy was compared between the groups. The absorbed dose in the cervical region after 24 hours was also calculated and correlated with TSH. The quality of life was also accessed with the EORTC questionnaire. Thirty-one patients were included in this study (14 in group 1 and 17 in group 2), with a mean age of 45.7 ± 10.6 years and 29 (93.5%) females. The mean TSH level for group 1 was 67.0 ± 35.6 UI/ml, and for group 2 was 31.3 ± 29.4 UI/ml. After six months, the successful RIT frequency was 66.6% for group 1 and 73.3% for group 2. Patients from group 2 showed better quality of life. TSH level ≥ 30 mUI/L is not critical for the success of RIT in patients with low or intermediate risk DTC. A two-week suspension of thyroid hormone appears to meet similar RIT needs, providing a better quality of life.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75102218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2052
Carla Gomes Tinoco Andrade, M. Moreira, P. Saldanha
The advantages of Long-Term Operation (LTO) in dealing with the end-of-life-cycle issue of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) in operation today, when compared to the creation of new NPPs, have major social and economic implications. The Life Extension process of the Brazilian NPP Angra 1 has already started, and its methodology is well defined in the technical notes NT-CGRC-007/18, (CNEN, 2018a) [1] and NT-CGRC-08/18, (CNEN, 2018b) [2]. This work aims to present a critical analysis of the two technical notes. The technical notes are in an initial version, therefore, the results of their verifications and validations are presented, which were carried out through a qualitative analysis, the factors that can be modified to be adjusted and/or modified to generate improvements for the notes or documents that may replace them.
{"title":"A qualitative approach of the regulation for the life extension of brazilian nuclear power plants","authors":"Carla Gomes Tinoco Andrade, M. Moreira, P. Saldanha","doi":"10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2022.2052","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of Long-Term Operation (LTO) in dealing with the end-of-life-cycle issue of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) in operation today, when compared to the creation of new NPPs, have major social and economic implications. The Life Extension process of the Brazilian NPP Angra 1 has already started, and its methodology is well defined in the technical notes NT-CGRC-007/18, (CNEN, 2018a) [1] and NT-CGRC-08/18, (CNEN, 2018b) [2]. This work aims to present a critical analysis of the two technical notes. The technical notes are in an initial version, therefore, the results of their verifications and validations are presented, which were carried out through a qualitative analysis, the factors that can be modified to be adjusted and/or modified to generate improvements for the notes or documents that may replace them.","PeriodicalId":9203,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91194261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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