Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"Simulation of evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation using a multiscale cortical circuit model","authors":"Zhihe Zhao ,&nbsp;Aman S. Aberra ,&nbsp;Alexander Opitz","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used non-invasive brain stimulation technique, but the neural circuits activated by TMS remain poorly understood. Previous modeling approaches have been limited to either simplified point-neuron networks or isolated single-cell models that lack synaptic connectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop and validate a multiscale cortical circuit model that integrates morphologically-realistic neurons with accurate TMS-induced electric field distributions and to investigate mechanisms underlying cortical responses to stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We constructed a network model of a cortical column comprising 10,000 neurons across layers 2/3, 5, and 6 with over 10 million synaptic connections. The model incorporated thalamic and non-specific corticocortical inputs to generate physiological firing rates. TMS-induced electric fields were calculated using finite element modeling and coupled to individual neurons through the extracellular mechanism. We validated model predictions against experimental recordings of TMS-evoked local field potentials (LFPs) and multiunit activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model reproduced key experimental observations including the dose-dependent N50 LFP component and multiphasic multi-unit responses, consisting of an (excitatory) increase followed by a (inhibitory) decrease in firing rates. The early excitatory response exhibited dual-peak dynamics reflecting distinct contributions from directly and indirectly activated neuronal populations, and the subsequent inhibitory phase reflected activation of feedback GABAergic circuits through both GABA_A and GABA_B conductances. Spatial analysis across 30 cortical columns distributed across the precentral gyrus revealed orientation-dependent evoked responses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This validated multiscale model provides mechanistic insights into TMS-evoked cortical dynamics, demonstrating how direct neuronal activation cascades through synaptic networks to generate characteristic population responses. The framework establishes a computational platform for optimizing stimulation protocols in research and clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102983"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145511779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of different focused ultrasound transducers for neuromodulatory targeting of motor thalamus","authors":"Ana Paula Arantes ,&nbsp;Yuchen He ,&nbsp;Alan Coreas ,&nbsp;Conrad P. Rockel ,&nbsp;Darren L. Clark ,&nbsp;Samuel Pichardo ,&nbsp;G. Bruce Pike ,&nbsp;Zelma H.T. Kiss","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102974"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145511704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive temporal interference stimulation of the hippocampus suppresses epileptic biomarkers in patients with Epilepsy: biophysical differences between kilohertz and amplitude modulated stimulation","authors":"Florian Missey ,&nbsp;Emma Acerbo ,&nbsp;Adam S. Dickey ,&nbsp;Jan Trajlinek ,&nbsp;Ondřej Studnička ,&nbsp;Claudia Lubrano ,&nbsp;Mariane de Araújo e Silva ,&nbsp;Evan Brady ,&nbsp;Vit Všianský ,&nbsp;Johanna Szabo ,&nbsp;Irena Dolezalova ,&nbsp;Daniel Fabo ,&nbsp;Martin Pail ,&nbsp;Claire-Anne Gutekunst ,&nbsp;Rosanna Migliore ,&nbsp;Michele Migliore ,&nbsp;Stanislas Lagarde ,&nbsp;Romain Carron ,&nbsp;Fariba Karimi ,&nbsp;Raul Castillo Astorga ,&nbsp;Adam Williamson","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Medication-refractory focal epilepsy creates a significant clinical challenge, with approximately 30 % of patients deemed ineligible for surgery due to involvement of eloquent cortical regions within the epileptogenic network. For these patients, electrical neuromodulation represents a promising alternative therapy. We investigated the potential of non-invasive temporal interference (TI) electrical stimulation in reducing epileptic biomarkers in patients with mesiotemporal epilepsy (MTLE)</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>Thirteen patients implanted with stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) depth electrodes received TI stimulation with an amplitude modulation (AM) frequency of 130 Hz (Δf), delivered through either low-frequency (1 kHz + 1.13 kHz) or high-frequency (9 kHz + 9.13 kHz) carrier waves, specifically targeting the hippocampus—a common epileptic focus in MTLE. Intracerebral recordings before, during, and after TI stimulation were compared to recordings during sham stimulation at varying high-frequency (HF) carrier frequencies (1, 2, 5, and 9 kHz).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TI stimulation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and pathological high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), particularly fast-ripples (FR), with prominent suppression observed in the hippocampal focus and reduced propagation brain-wide. In contrast, HF sham stimulation at 1 kHz frequency partially reduced cortical IED rates without effectively reaching the hippocampal focus. This cortical impact diminished progressively at higher sham frequencies (2, 5, and 9 kHz), exhibiting depth-dependent attenuation—a phenomenon not observed with TI stimulation, irrespective of carrier frequency. Additionally, TI stimulation demonstrated a significant carry-over effect, suppressing epileptic biomarkers beyond the stimulation period, which was not evident following kHz sham stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of TI as a non-invasive brain stimulation modality for epilepsy, offering significant suppression of epileptic biomarkers through subthreshold modulation of the epileptogenic zone. Furthermore, this study highlights distinct biophysical differences between kilohertz-frequency stimulation and focal amplitude-modulated stimulation, supporting TI's unique utility in neuromodulation research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102981"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145511852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tremor reduction using multi-focus transcranial ultrasound stimulation system targeting the thalamus","authors":"Shirshak Shrestha ,&nbsp;Alan Coreas ,&nbsp;Janet Adeoti ,&nbsp;Georgia Peacock ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Swytink-Binnema ,&nbsp;Nishaad Sheth ,&nbsp;Ana Arantes ,&nbsp;Conrad P. Rockel ,&nbsp;Davide Martino ,&nbsp;G. Bruce Pike ,&nbsp;Zelma H.T. Kiss ,&nbsp;Samuel Pichardo","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102979"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-wide hemodynamic responses to precise transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation","authors":"Héctor Estrada ,&nbsp;Chuan Liu ,&nbsp;Ali Özbek ,&nbsp;Zhenyue Chen ,&nbsp;Michael Reiss ,&nbsp;Shy Shoham ,&nbsp;Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the high potential of transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) for non-invasive brain therapy and interrogation, real-time monitoring of brain responses to TUS remains a challenge. Traditional methods to monitor direct neural responses are invasive and mostly incompatible with precise TUS delivery while other non-invasive approaches to visualize the induced responses suffer from poor penetration depth, lack of sensitivity, or low temporal resolution.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We present an integrated approach for high precision delivery of ultrasound into the mouse brain and simultaneous whole-brain oximetry with functional optoacoustic tomography to characterize the hemodynamic response elicited by TUS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A spherically focused ultrasound array was employed to non-invasively deliver holographic TUS and simultaneously detect multispectral optoacoustic signals from the brains of anesthetized mice. Ultrasound pressure and pulse duration were varied, while the number of stimuli (5), stimulation duration (15 s), and ultrasound frequency (3 MHz) were kept constant. The acquired optoacoustic data were tomographically reconstructed and spectrally unmixed to render three-dimensional maps of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in real time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TUS-evoked brain-wide hemodynamics were efficiently monitored via spectroscopic optoacoustic imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. Holographic TUS targeted to the somatosensory cortex elicited distinct hemodynamic responses, which extended beyond the stimulated region, involving subcortical arteries and pial veins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our method provides new transformative non-invasive capabilities to study the effects of ultrasound on a living brain thus help unleash the strong potential of TUS in neuroscience and medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102978"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing matters: Inverted U-shaped efficacy of dose distribution in translational neuromodulation for treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Carola Cerri ,&nbsp;Marta Boffa ,&nbsp;Antonio Inserra ,&nbsp;Sara Spalletti ,&nbsp;Martina Bertone ,&nbsp;Domenico Voso ,&nbsp;Roberto Guidotti ,&nbsp;Vittorio Pizzella ,&nbsp;Laura Marzetti ,&nbsp;Giorgio Di Lorenzo ,&nbsp;Luisa De Risio ,&nbsp;Giovanni Martinotti ,&nbsp;Mauro Pettorruso ,&nbsp;Francesca Zoratto","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102976"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and transient change in brain water content induced by a single electroconvulsive therapy session","authors":"Akihiro Takamiya ,&nbsp;Frank Riemer ,&nbsp;Vera Jane Erchinger ,&nbsp;Max Korbmacher ,&nbsp;Hauke Bartsch ,&nbsp;Olga Therese Ousdal ,&nbsp;Ivan Maximov ,&nbsp;Anders Dale ,&nbsp;Louise Emsell ,&nbsp;Ketil Joachim Oedegaard ,&nbsp;Ute Kessler ,&nbsp;Leif Oltedal","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression, there is a concern regarding its potential adverse effects on the brain. It is unclear whether a single ECT session (i.e., an electrically induced seizure) leads to physiological microstructural changes or causes lasting adverse biological effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study examined longitudinal changes in multishell diffusion MRI-derived metrics in 25 individuals with depression, with scans acquired 2 h before and after their first ECT session. Follow-up scans were collected within 14 days and 6 months after the last ECT session. To control for potential confounding effects of anesthesia and repeated measurements, two additional groups were included: 16 individuals undergoing short-acting anesthesia and 16 healthy controls without interventions. A multicompartment model was applied to explore extracellular free water and intracellular/extracellular compartments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Whole-brain voxel-wise analyses identified increased extracellular free water in bilateral periventricular and subcortical regions surrounding the hippocampus, with minimal involvement of cortical regions, following a single ECT session. These changes were not observed in either control group, and were not associated with post-ictal reorientation time (r = 0.11, p = 0.92). Follow-up assessments confirmed that the alterations in tissue free water resolved within 14 days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A single ECT-induced seizure induces a transient increase in extracellular water content without evidence of cytotoxic edema indicative of cellular injury. Our findings suggest that ECT-related brain water shifts are reversible and unlikely to reflect permanent damage to brain tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2008-2015"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145408231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of response to bilateral rTMS in late-life depression","authors":"Erin Adler ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Blumberger ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Hyewon H. Lee ,&nbsp;Sean M. Nestor ,&nbsp;Jonathan Downar ,&nbsp;Benoit Mulsant ,&nbsp;Tarek K. Rajji ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Noda ,&nbsp;Zafiris J. Daskalakis ,&nbsp;Tyler S. Kaster","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Late-life depression is often resistant to standard treatment (LL-TRD) and presents unique clinical challenges due to comorbidities and cognitive decline. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising option, yet responses are variable. Identifying trajectories of symptom change in LL-TRD in response to rTMS may clarify this heterogeneity and guide more personalized interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This secondary analysis of a randomized rTMS trial in late-life depression used group-based trajectory modeling to identify depressive symptom response patterns. 172 participants aged 60+ were randomly assigned to one of two protocols: (1) bilateral rTMS, with low-frequency stimulation applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and high-frequency stimulation to the left; or (2) bilateral theta burst stimulation, with continuous TBS on the right DLPFC and intermittent TBS on the left. Multinomial regression identified baseline characteristics associated with trajectory membership.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four symptom trajectories were identified: Nonresponse, Partial Response, Linear Response and Rapid Response. Relative to Partial Response, higher Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores were associated with lower odds of Rapid (OR = 0.79, 95 %CI:0.69–0.90) and Linear Response (OR = 0.87, 95 %CI:0.78–0.97), and higher odds of Nonresponse (OR = 1.33, 95 %CI:1.16–1.52). Benzodiazepine use was associated with lower odds of Linear Response (OR = 0.22, 95 %CI:0.08–0.56), while higher baseline anxiety was associated with higher odds of Nonresponse (OR = 1.13, 95 %CI:1.01–1.26).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identified four distinct rTMS response trajectories in LL-TRD and found that greater baseline depression severity and anxiety were associated with worse trajectories. These results support early clinical profiling to identify individuals at risk for nonresponse.</div></div><div><h3>Clinicaltrials</h3><div>gov identifier NCT02998580.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2067-2074"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal role of temporo-parietal junction for social behavior: A meta-analysis","authors":"Alexander Soutschek,&nbsp;Rebekka S. Mattes","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) is thought to play a key role in human social behavior, however, there is currently no consensus on which aspects of social behavior are under TPJ control. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the TPJ causally underlies behaviors that require distinguishing between one's own and others' mental perspectives by conducting a meta-analysis of brain stimulation studies modulating TPJ activation during social cognition (94 papers with 160 effect sizes from 4073 participants).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our meta-analysis revealed that stimulation of the TPJ shows small-to-moderate effects on the ability to distinguish between one's own and others' mental states (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.36) as well as on norm-guided social decision making (SMD = 0.36). In contrast, we observed no significant impact of TPJ stimulation on empathy (SMD = 0.17) or joint attention (SMD = 0.05), though we note that relatively few effect sizes were available for these two categories. Moreover, transcranial magnetic stimulation showed stronger effects on social cognition than transcranial electrical stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Taken together, our meta-analysis informs us about the effectiveness of different brain stimulation protocols for modulating social behavior and clarifies which aspects of social behavior are causally implemented by the TPJ, improving our understanding of the neural basis of social behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2028-2039"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximating signal sources in stereo-EEG single pulse electrical stimulation using re-referencing and spectral analysis","authors":"Michael A. Jensen ,&nbsp;Harvey Huang ,&nbsp;Nicholas M. Gregg ,&nbsp;Klaus-Robert Müller ,&nbsp;Dora Hermes ,&nbsp;Kai J. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2077-2079"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145451113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}