Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.024
Alexander Soutschek, Rebekka S. Mattes
Objective
The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) is thought to play a key role in human social behavior, however, there is currently no consensus on which aspects of social behavior are under TPJ control. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the TPJ causally underlies behaviors that require distinguishing between one's own and others' mental perspectives by conducting a meta-analysis of brain stimulation studies modulating TPJ activation during social cognition (94 papers with 160 effect sizes from 4073 participants).
Results
Our meta-analysis revealed that stimulation of the TPJ shows small-to-moderate effects on the ability to distinguish between one's own and others' mental states (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.36) as well as on norm-guided social decision making (SMD = 0.36). In contrast, we observed no significant impact of TPJ stimulation on empathy (SMD = 0.17) or joint attention (SMD = 0.05), though we note that relatively few effect sizes were available for these two categories. Moreover, transcranial magnetic stimulation showed stronger effects on social cognition than transcranial electrical stimulation.
Conclusions
Taken together, our meta-analysis informs us about the effectiveness of different brain stimulation protocols for modulating social behavior and clarifies which aspects of social behavior are causally implemented by the TPJ, improving our understanding of the neural basis of social behavior.
{"title":"Causal role of temporo-parietal junction for social behavior: A meta-analysis","authors":"Alexander Soutschek, Rebekka S. Mattes","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) is thought to play a key role in human social behavior, however, there is currently no consensus on which aspects of social behavior are under TPJ control. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the TPJ causally underlies behaviors that require distinguishing between one's own and others' mental perspectives by conducting a meta-analysis of brain stimulation studies modulating TPJ activation during social cognition (94 papers with 160 effect sizes from 4073 participants).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our meta-analysis revealed that stimulation of the TPJ shows small-to-moderate effects on the ability to distinguish between one's own and others' mental states (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.36) as well as on norm-guided social decision making (SMD = 0.36). In contrast, we observed no significant impact of TPJ stimulation on empathy (SMD = 0.17) or joint attention (SMD = 0.05), though we note that relatively few effect sizes were available for these two categories. Moreover, transcranial magnetic stimulation showed stronger effects on social cognition than transcranial electrical stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Taken together, our meta-analysis informs us about the effectiveness of different brain stimulation protocols for modulating social behavior and clarifies which aspects of social behavior are causally implemented by the TPJ, improving our understanding of the neural basis of social behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2028-2039"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.015
Michael A. Jensen , Harvey Huang , Nicholas M. Gregg , Klaus-Robert Müller , Dora Hermes , Kai J. Miller
{"title":"Approximating signal sources in stereo-EEG single pulse electrical stimulation using re-referencing and spectral analysis","authors":"Michael A. Jensen , Harvey Huang , Nicholas M. Gregg , Klaus-Robert Müller , Dora Hermes , Kai J. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2077-2079"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145451113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-invasive intervention for Parkinson's disease (PD), but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Understanding its network-level effects may support its use as an adjunctive therapeutic option, particularly in intermediate-stage PD when symptoms begin to escape pharmacological control.
Objective
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and functional connectivity (FC) changes of anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) in patients with intermediate-stage PD.
Methods
Twenty-five patients underwent a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover protocol, receiving anodal and sham M1-tDCS. Clinical assessments were measured before and after each intervention, alongside high-density EEG (HD-EEG) recordings in the OFF-medication state. Band-specific FC was analyzed using network-based statistics (NBS), and network topology was examined through graph-theoretical measures. Thirty age-matched healthy controls were included for baseline comparisons.
Results
anodal tDCS significantly reduced motor symptoms in the OFF-state, especially bradykinesia, tremor, and gait. It also improved non-motor symptoms and cognitive performance. HD-EEG FC analyses revealed increased α-band FC and decreased pathological β-band hyperconnectivity, both correlating with clinical improvements. Notably, graph analyses showed reduced scale-free organization in both α- and β-band networks post-tDCS, likely reflecting the widespread and non-selective stimulation of multiple nodes. Sham stimulation induced no significant changes.
Conclusions
Therapeutic effects of anodal M1-tDCS appear to be mediated by frequency-specific modulation of cortical networks, enhancing α-band synchronization and reducing β-band hypersynchrony, alongside a topological reconfiguration of brain architecture. These network-level effects strengthen the rationale for using tDCS in PD, particularly as a potential therapeutic option in the intermediate stage.
{"title":"Anodal M1 tDCS shapes frequency-specific functional connectivity and network topology in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Clara Simonetta , Matteo Conti , Jacopo Bissacco , Valerio Ferrari , Chiara Salimei , Federico Carparelli , Silvio Bagetta , Davide Mascioli , Veronica Buttarazzi , Maria Mancini , Francesca Di Giuliano , Nicola Biagio Mercuri , Mariangela Pierantozzi , Alessandro Stefani , Tommaso Schirinzi","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising non-invasive intervention for Parkinson's disease (PD), but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Understanding its network-level effects may support its use as an adjunctive therapeutic option, particularly in intermediate-stage PD when symptoms begin to escape pharmacological control.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and functional connectivity (FC) changes of anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) in patients with intermediate-stage PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five patients underwent a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover protocol, receiving anodal and sham M1-tDCS. Clinical assessments were measured before and after each intervention, alongside high-density EEG (HD-EEG) recordings in the OFF-medication state. Band-specific FC was analyzed using network-based statistics (NBS), and network topology was examined through graph-theoretical measures. Thirty age-matched healthy controls were included for baseline comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>anodal tDCS significantly reduced motor symptoms in the OFF-state, especially bradykinesia, tremor, and gait. It also improved non-motor symptoms and cognitive performance. HD-EEG FC analyses revealed increased α-band FC and decreased pathological β-band hyperconnectivity, both correlating with clinical improvements. Notably, graph analyses showed reduced scale-free organization in both α- and β-band networks post-tDCS, likely reflecting the widespread and non-selective stimulation of multiple nodes. Sham stimulation induced no significant changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Therapeutic effects of anodal M1-tDCS appear to be mediated by frequency-specific modulation of cortical networks, enhancing α-band synchronization and reducing β-band hypersynchrony, alongside a topological reconfiguration of brain architecture. These network-level effects strengthen the rationale for using tDCS in PD, particularly as a potential therapeutic option in the intermediate stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1966-1977"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145387082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.019
Or Dezachyo , Noga Yair , Noga Mendelovich , Niv Tik , Daniel S. Pine , Haggai Sharon , Ido Tavor , Yair Bar-Haim , Nitzan Censor
{"title":"Hippocampal-network transcranial magnetic stimulation to target reactivated intrusive memories: A proof-of-concept study in PTSD treatment","authors":"Or Dezachyo , Noga Yair , Noga Mendelovich , Niv Tik , Daniel S. Pine , Haggai Sharon , Ido Tavor , Yair Bar-Haim , Nitzan Censor","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1993-1995"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145387085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.012
Ali Rezai, Manish Ranjan, Aniruddha Bhagwat, Tasneem Arsiwala, Jeffrey Carpenter, Mark Schafer, Geoffrey Adams, Jennifer Marton, Padmashree Tirumalai, Daniel Farmer, James Mahoney, Victor Finomore
{"title":"Brain injury during focused ultrasound neuromodulation for substance use disorder","authors":"Ali Rezai, Manish Ranjan, Aniruddha Bhagwat, Tasneem Arsiwala, Jeffrey Carpenter, Mark Schafer, Geoffrey Adams, Jennifer Marton, Padmashree Tirumalai, Daniel Farmer, James Mahoney, Victor Finomore","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2050-2053"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145430398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.002
Sophia H. Blyth , Rabee Haq , Sahit Menon , Benson King , Gabriela Torres Quesada , Darara Borodge , Benjamin Johnson , J. Mason Harding , Simon Vandekar , Heather Burrell Ward
Objective
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an exciting novel treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). While TMS is safe and effective in the general population, there have been concerns about its safety with concurrent substance use. To date, guidelines on managing substance use during TMS have been vague – recommending caution and weighing risks and benefits – and solely based on expert opinion, rather than based on quantitative data on the prevalence of TMS side effects with concurrent substance use.
Methods
We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of TMS studies for a SUD – a clinically impairing level of substance use where we would be more likely to detect adverse effects – to quantify the safety of TMS in the setting of substance use. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library for TMS studies for SUDs that reported adverse effects. We extracted adverse effects and tested the difference between the prevalence of events in the active and sham conditions.
Results
Forty-seven studies comprising 2865 participants with a SUD were included. The prevalence of neck pain and cognitive impairment was higher for sham compared to active TMS (p < .05). The prevalence of all other adverse effects, including seizure, was not significantly different between active and sham TMS.
Conclusions
TMS is safe and well-tolerated for people with SUDs. The prevalence of side effects from TMS in people with SUDs is comparable to that in the general population. TMS can be just as safely administered for SUDs as for any other psychiatric disorder.
{"title":"Evidence for safety and tolerability of transcranial magnetic stimulation for substance use disorders","authors":"Sophia H. Blyth , Rabee Haq , Sahit Menon , Benson King , Gabriela Torres Quesada , Darara Borodge , Benjamin Johnson , J. Mason Harding , Simon Vandekar , Heather Burrell Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an exciting novel treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). While TMS is safe and effective in the general population, there have been concerns about its safety with concurrent substance use. To date, guidelines on managing substance use during TMS have been vague – recommending caution and weighing risks and benefits – and solely based on expert opinion, rather than based on quantitative data on the prevalence of TMS side effects with concurrent substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of TMS studies for a SUD – a clinically impairing level of substance use where we would be more likely to detect adverse effects – to quantify the safety of TMS in the setting of substance use. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library for TMS studies for SUDs that reported adverse effects. We extracted adverse effects and tested the difference between the prevalence of events in the active and sham conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-seven studies comprising 2865 participants with a SUD were included. The prevalence of neck pain and cognitive impairment was higher for sham compared to active TMS (p < .05). The prevalence of all other adverse effects, including seizure, was not significantly different between active and sham TMS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TMS is safe and well-tolerated for people with SUDs. The prevalence of side effects from TMS in people with SUDs is comparable to that in the general population. TMS can be just as safely administered for SUDs as for any other psychiatric disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2043-2049"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.023
Ilya Demchenko , Ishaan Tailor , Sina Chegini , Haochen Yu , Fatemeh Gholamali Nezhad , Alice Rueda , Anne Kever , Sridhar Krishnan , Abhishek Datta , Jed A. Meltzer , Simon J. Graham , Tom A. Schweizer , Sumientra Rampersad , Edward S. Boyden , Ines R. Violante , Robert Chen , Andres M. Lozano , Venkat Bhat
Background
Many neurological and psychiatric disorders involve dysregulation of subcortical structures. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel, non-invasive method developed to selectively modulate deep brain regions and associated neural circuits.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate human applications of tTIS (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024559678). MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP were searched up to December 12, 2024. Studies involving human applications of tTIS were eligible. Methodological quality was appraised using the National Institutes of Health and modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine tools.
Results
Forty-eight records were reviewed (20 published studies, 28 ongoing trials). Of published studies, 16 single-session and 4 multi-session studies assessed safety, mechanistic outcomes, or therapeutic effects of tTIS in 820 participants. Stimulation was most commonly delivered at beta (20 Hz) or gamma (30–130 Hz) envelope frequencies. Neuroimaging studies support target engagement of the motor cortex, basal ganglia, and hippocampus in humans, particularly when stimulation is paired with behavioural tasks. Preliminary clinical findings in small samples demonstrated acute symptom improvements in bradykinesia and tremor within 60 min following a single tTIS session in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Reported adverse events across studies were mild (e.g., tingling, itching). Emerging trials increasingly utilize multi-session protocols (2–40 sessions) and are extending tTIS to patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders, particularly epilepsy and depression.
Conclusions
Phase 1 studies demonstrate that tTIS is safe, well-tolerated, and capable of engaging deep brain targets in humans. Well-controlled Phase 2 trials are needed to assess its therapeutic potential in patient populations.
背景：许多神经和精神疾病涉及皮质下结构的失调。经颅颞叶干扰刺激（tTIS）是一种新的、非侵入性的方法，可以选择性地调节脑深部区域和相关的神经回路。方法：对tTIS （PROSPERO ID: CRD42024559678）的临床应用进行系统评价。MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO， CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov和WHO ICTRP被检索到2024年12月12日。涉及tTIS人体应用的研究是合格的。采用美国国立卫生研究院和改良的牛津循证医学中心工具对方法学质量进行评价。结果：回顾了48项记录（20项已发表的研究，28项正在进行的试验）。在已发表的研究中，有16项单期研究和4项多期研究评估了820名参与者的tTIS的安全性、机制结局或治疗效果。刺激最常见的是在β（20赫兹）或γ（30-130赫兹）包络频率下进行。神经影像学研究支持人类运动皮层、基底神经节和海马体的目标参与，特别是当刺激与行为任务配对时。在小样本中的初步临床结果显示，帕金森病和原发性震颤患者在单次tTIS治疗后60分钟内，运动迟缓和震颤的急性症状得到改善。所有研究报告的不良事件都是轻微的（例如，刺痛，瘙痒）。新兴试验越来越多地采用多期治疗方案（2-40期），并将tTIS扩展到神经和精神疾病患者，特别是癫痫和抑郁症患者。结论：i期研究表明，tTIS是安全的，耐受性良好，并且能够作用于人类深部脑靶点。需要进行控制良好的2期试验来评估其在患者群体中的治疗潜力。
{"title":"Human applications of transcranial temporal interference stimulation: A systematic review","authors":"Ilya Demchenko , Ishaan Tailor , Sina Chegini , Haochen Yu , Fatemeh Gholamali Nezhad , Alice Rueda , Anne Kever , Sridhar Krishnan , Abhishek Datta , Jed A. Meltzer , Simon J. Graham , Tom A. Schweizer , Sumientra Rampersad , Edward S. Boyden , Ines R. Violante , Robert Chen , Andres M. Lozano , Venkat Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many neurological and psychiatric disorders involve dysregulation of subcortical structures. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel, non-invasive method developed to selectively modulate deep brain regions and associated neural circuits.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review was conducted to evaluate human applications of tTIS (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024559678). MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CENTRAL, <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, and WHO ICTRP were searched up to December 12, 2024. Studies involving human applications of tTIS were eligible. Methodological quality was appraised using the National Institutes of Health and modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-eight records were reviewed (20 published studies, 28 ongoing trials). Of published studies, 16 single-session and 4 multi-session studies assessed safety, mechanistic outcomes, or therapeutic effects of tTIS in 820 participants. Stimulation was most commonly delivered at beta (20 Hz) or gamma (30–130 Hz) envelope frequencies. Neuroimaging studies support target engagement of the motor cortex, basal ganglia, and hippocampus in humans, particularly when stimulation is paired with behavioural tasks. Preliminary clinical findings in small samples demonstrated acute symptom improvements in bradykinesia and tremor within 60 min following a single tTIS session in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Reported adverse events across studies were mild (e.g., tingling, itching). Emerging trials increasingly utilize multi-session protocols (2–40 sessions) and are extending tTIS to patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders, particularly epilepsy and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Phase 1 studies demonstrate that tTIS is safe, well-tolerated, and capable of engaging deep brain targets in humans. Well-controlled Phase 2 trials are needed to assess its therapeutic potential in patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2054-2066"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145408244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.025
Yixuan Song , Yuchen Huang , Qihong Zheng , Xiaoqin Yang , Yang Guo , Yanan Geng , Huixing Gou , Junjie Bu , Tianye Jia , Guangdong Zhou , Lin Lu , Jie Shi , Yan Sun
Background and objectives
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is prevalent with limited treatment efficacy. Targeting reducing craving triggered by gaming cues is a critical therapeutic objective. This study aimed to establish optimized electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers for IGD and develop a novel targeted neuromodulation protocol.
Methods
In the exploratory study, the optimized EEG indicators of IGD diagnose were identified through machine learning models based on event-related potential (ERP) and band power during game cue exposure across two independent datasets (Dataset 1: twenty-five IGD, twenty-two Recreational Game Users, twenty-eight non-gaming Healthy Controls (HC); Dataset 2: twenty-three IGD and twenty-three HC). Subsequently, in the intervention study, a double-blind randomized trial was conducted on forty-six IGD participants to compare active and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the region where the optimized EEG marker was located—central parietal lobe (Pz). Active stimulation (1.5 mA, 20 min, 2 days) was applied during cue exposure (cathode: Pz; anode: right trapezius).
Results
Parieto-occipital P300 (peaked at Pz, IGD > HC) during game reactivity emerged as novel optimized EEG indicators for IGD discrimination (accuracy>80 %), linked to craving. Then, Pz targeted cathodal tDCS synchronized with game cue exposure could significantly reduce craving (p < 0.001), gaming time (p < 0.001), and P300 alpha (p = 0.048) after intervention and at 1–4 weeks follow-ups, with concomitant improvement of decision-making in the active group. Importantly, these effects generalized to unpresented gaming cues. Besides, we identified baseline delta power at Pz during gaming cues as a significant predictor for treatment effects.
Conclusion
Our findings establish cue-synchronized tDCS as an effective intervention approach and position the Pz as a novel therapeutic target for IGD neuromodulation.
{"title":"Effects of cue-synchronized parietal cathodal tDCS on internet gaming disorder: A randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial","authors":"Yixuan Song , Yuchen Huang , Qihong Zheng , Xiaoqin Yang , Yang Guo , Yanan Geng , Huixing Gou , Junjie Bu , Tianye Jia , Guangdong Zhou , Lin Lu , Jie Shi , Yan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is prevalent with limited treatment efficacy. Targeting reducing craving triggered by gaming cues is a critical therapeutic objective. This study aimed to establish optimized electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers for IGD and develop a novel targeted neuromodulation protocol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the exploratory study, the optimized EEG indicators of IGD diagnose were identified through machine learning models based on event-related potential (ERP) and band power during game cue exposure across two independent datasets (Dataset 1: twenty-five IGD, twenty-two Recreational Game Users, twenty-eight non-gaming Healthy Controls (HC); Dataset 2: twenty-three IGD and twenty-three HC). Subsequently, in the intervention study, a double-blind randomized trial was conducted on forty-six IGD participants to compare active and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the region where the optimized EEG marker was located—central parietal lobe (Pz). Active stimulation (1.5 mA, 20 min, 2 days) was applied during cue exposure (cathode: Pz; anode: right trapezius).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Parieto-occipital P300 (peaked at Pz, IGD > HC) during game reactivity emerged as novel optimized EEG indicators for IGD discrimination (accuracy>80 %), linked to craving. Then, Pz targeted cathodal tDCS synchronized with game cue exposure could significantly reduce craving (<em>p</em> < 0.001), gaming time (<em>p</em> < 0.001), and P300 alpha (<em>p</em> = 0.048) after intervention and at 1–4 weeks follow-ups, with concomitant improvement of decision-making in the active group. Importantly, these effects generalized to unpresented gaming cues. Besides, we identified baseline delta power at Pz during gaming cues as a significant predictor for treatment effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings establish cue-synchronized tDCS as an effective intervention approach and position the Pz as a novel therapeutic target for IGD neuromodulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 2016-2027"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145426492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.022
Seyyed Bahram Borgheai , Bryan Howell , Faical Isbaine , Angela M. Noecker , Enrico Opri , Benjamin B. Risk , Cameron C. McIntyre , Svjetlana Miocinovic
Background
Optimizing deep brain stimulation (DBS) parameter settings requires postoperative adjustments through a time-consuming trial-and-error process. As such, researchers have been developing computational models to guide DBS programming. Despite growing interest in image-guided DBS technology, and recent adoption into clinical practice, the direct validation of the prediction accuracy remains limited.
Objective
The objective of this study was to establish a comparative framework for validating the accuracy of various DBS computational modeling methodologies in predicting the activation of clinically relevant pathways using in vivo measurements from PD patients undergoing subthalamic (STN) DBS surgery.
Methods
In this study, we compared the accuracy of six computational modeling variations for predicting the activation of the corticospinal/bulbar tract (CSBT) and cortico-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway (HDP) using very short- (<2 ms) and short-latency (2–4 ms) cortical evoked potentials (cEPs). We constructed the variations using three key factors: modeling method (Driving Force [DF] vs. Volume of Tissue Activated [VTA]), imaging space (native vs. normative), and anatomical representation (pathway vs. structure). The model performances were quantified using the coefficient of determination (R2) between the cEP amplitudes and percent pathway or structure activation.
Results
We compared model accuracy for 11 PD patients. The DF-Native-Pathway model was the most accurate method for quantitatively predicting experimental subcortical pathway activations. Additionally, our analysis showed that using normative brain space significantly diminished the accuracy of model predictions.
Conclusion
The choice of methodology should depend on the specific application and the required level of precision for the intended analysis. However, model parameters should be optimized to accurately predict known experimental activation measures.
{"title":"Evaluation of DBS computational modeling methodologies using in-vivo electrophysiology in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Seyyed Bahram Borgheai , Bryan Howell , Faical Isbaine , Angela M. Noecker , Enrico Opri , Benjamin B. Risk , Cameron C. McIntyre , Svjetlana Miocinovic","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Optimizing deep brain stimulation (DBS) parameter settings requires postoperative adjustments through a time-consuming trial-and-error process. As such, researchers have been developing computational models to guide DBS programming. Despite growing interest in image-guided DBS technology, and recent adoption into clinical practice, the direct validation of the prediction accuracy remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to establish a comparative framework for validating the accuracy of various DBS computational modeling methodologies in predicting the activation of clinically relevant pathways using in vivo measurements from PD patients undergoing subthalamic (STN) DBS surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we compared the accuracy of six computational modeling variations for predicting the activation of the corticospinal/bulbar tract (CSBT) and cortico-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway (HDP) using very short- (<2 ms) and short-latency (2–4 ms) cortical evoked potentials (cEPs). We constructed the variations using three key factors: modeling method (Driving Force [DF] vs. Volume of Tissue Activated [VTA]), imaging space (native vs. normative), and anatomical representation (pathway vs. structure). The model performances were quantified using the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) between the cEP amplitudes and percent pathway or structure activation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We compared model accuracy for 11 PD patients. The DF-Native-Pathway model was the most accurate method for quantitatively predicting experimental subcortical pathway activations. Additionally, our analysis showed that using normative brain space significantly diminished the accuracy of model predictions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The choice of methodology should depend on the specific application and the required level of precision for the intended analysis. However, model parameters should be optimized to accurately predict known experimental activation measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1996-2007"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145399944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.004
Kim Butts Pauly
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