Raj K Ginde, Nicholas A Stella, Rachel C Calvario, Kara M Lehner, Jake D Callaghan, Daniel R Komlosi, Joseph Horzempa, Robert M Q Shanks
The objective of this study is a controlled comparison of several carbohydrate inducible promoter in important bacterial species. Inducible promoter systems are invaluable for biotechnology and basic science applications. However, few inducible promoters are available on plasmids that replicate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which enables gap-repair recombination, or on broad host-range vectors, which allows replication in many Gram-negative genera. In this study we generated shuttle vectors with S. cerevisiae and the broad host range pBBR1 bacterial replicon. These contained a variety of inducible promoters and used a highly sensitive luxCDABE reporter in Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Serratia marcescens. Tested carbohydrate-inducible promoters were PBAD , PrhaB , PT5 , and Pxut , isolated from A. baumannii. In the Enterobacterales the PBAD and PrhaB promoters demonstrated the highest levels of inducibility at 100- and 5,600-fold, respectively. For P. aeruginosa PrhaB and Pxut were the most inducible at 40- and 10-fold, respectively. For P. fluorescens all of the carbohydrate-inducible promoters had similar inducibility, under 10-fold. None of the carbohydrate-inducible promoters were effective for A. baumannii; however, they could be used as constitutive promoters. Data indicated that the rhamnose-inducible promoter excelled among the carbohydrate-inducible promoters for most tested organisms, and this study highlights the need for better inducible promoters for A. baumannii.
{"title":"Generation and comparison of broad-host range inducible expression vectors for use in Gram-negative bacteria including ESKAPE pathogens.","authors":"Raj K Ginde, Nicholas A Stella, Rachel C Calvario, Kara M Lehner, Jake D Callaghan, Daniel R Komlosi, Joseph Horzempa, Robert M Q Shanks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is a controlled comparison of several carbohydrate inducible promoter in important bacterial species. Inducible promoter systems are invaluable for biotechnology and basic science applications. However, few inducible promoters are available on plasmids that replicate in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae,</i> which enables gap-repair recombination, or on broad host-range vectors, which allows replication in many Gram-negative genera. In this study we generated shuttle vectors with <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and the broad host range pBBR1 bacterial replicon. These contained a variety of inducible promoters and used a highly sensitive <i>luxCDABE</i> reporter in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, and <i>Serratia marcescens</i>. Tested carbohydrate-inducible promoters were <i>P</i> <sub><i>BAD</i></sub> , <i>P</i> <sub><i>rhaB</i></sub> , <i>P</i> <sub><i>T5</i></sub> , and <i>P</i> <sub><i>xut</i></sub> , isolated from <i>A. baumannii</i>. In the Enterobacterales the <i>P</i> <sub><i>BAD</i></sub> and <i>P</i> <sub><i>rhaB</i></sub> promoters demonstrated the highest levels of inducibility at 100- and 5,600-fold, respectively. For <i>P. aeruginosa P</i> <sub><i>rhaB</i></sub> and <i>P</i> <sub><i>xut</i></sub> were the most inducible at 40- and 10-fold, respectively. For <i>P. fluorescens</i> all of the carbohydrate-inducible promoters had similar inducibility, under 10-fold. None of the carbohydrate-inducible promoters were effective for <i>A. baumannii</i>; however, they could be used as constitutive promoters. Data indicated that the rhamnose-inducible promoter excelled among the carbohydrate-inducible promoters for most tested organisms, and this study highlights the need for better inducible promoters for <i>A. baumannii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"97 1","pages":"58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12352128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-01-27DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v97i1.1105
Jacob E Herriott, Matthew J Zdilla
The anatomical terminology used to identify typical anatomical structures has been condensed over time as evidenced by compendiums of anatomical terminology such as Terminologia Anatomica. Yet, most variant anatomical structures which are diverse, common, and inherently clinically important have not been subject to the same sort of scrutiny and standardization. Thus, superfluous anatomical terminology remains commonplace with regard to anatomical variations. This study utilizes a systematic review to demonstrate a thorough means of assessing anatomical nomenclature. Specifically, the study assesses superfluous terms used to describe singular anatomical variations of the extensors of the 1st and 2nd digits including extensor pollicis et indicis communis, extensor pollicis et indicis accessorius, and extensor pollicis et indicis as well as the extensors of the 2nd and 3rd digits including extensor indicis et medii communis, extensor indicis et medius communis, extensor indicis et medii proprius, and extensor indicis et medii accessorius. The systematic review informs the use of extensor pollicis et indicis and extensor indicis et medii as preferable terms due to accuracy in description, brevity, and historical consistency. The reproducible methods and results of this study may serve as a model to henceforth improve anatomical nomenclature in an objective and scientific way. Likewise, the methods and results of this study may be used as lens through which retrospective assessment and interpretation of anatomical variations may be viewed.
{"title":"Anatomical terminology regarding anatomical variations needs to be refined: An example systematic review of extensor pollicis et indicis and extensor indicis et medii variations.","authors":"Jacob E Herriott, Matthew J Zdilla","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v97i1.1105","DOIUrl":"10.55632/pwvas.v97i1.1105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anatomical terminology used to identify typical anatomical structures has been condensed over time as evidenced by compendiums of anatomical terminology such as <i>Terminologia Anatomica</i>. Yet, most variant anatomical structures which are diverse, common, and inherently clinically important have not been subject to the same sort of scrutiny and standardization. Thus, superfluous anatomical terminology remains commonplace with regard to anatomical variations. This study utilizes a systematic review to demonstrate a thorough means of assessing anatomical nomenclature. Specifically, the study assesses superfluous terms used to describe singular anatomical variations of the extensors of the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> digits including <i>extensor pollicis et indicis communis</i>, <i>extensor pollicis et indicis accessorius</i>, and <i>extensor pollicis et indicis</i> as well as the extensors of the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> digits including <i>extensor indicis et medii communis</i>, <i>extensor indicis et medius communis</i>, <i>extensor indicis et medii proprius</i>, and <i>extensor indicis et medii accessorius.</i> The systematic review informs the use of <i>extensor pollicis et indicis</i> and <i>extensor indicis et medii</i> as preferable terms due to accuracy in description, brevity, and historical consistency. The reproducible methods and results of this study may serve as a model to henceforth improve anatomical nomenclature in an objective and scientific way. Likewise, the methods and results of this study may be used as lens through which retrospective assessment and interpretation of anatomical variations may be viewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"97 1","pages":"27-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12674673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v96i2.1100
Allen Parks
Quantum mechanical weak values and their measurement have been a focus of theoretical, experimental, and applied research for more than two decades. The concept of PT symmetry was also introduced into quantum mechanics during this time. This paper defines the notion of a weak value measurement pointer Hamiltonian and establishes equivalences between its Dirac symmetries, its PT symmetries, its eigenvalues, and the associated weak value. The affect of these symmetries upon measurement pointer observables is also identified.
{"title":"Symmetry Equivalents of the Weak Value Measurement Pointer Hamiltonian","authors":"Allen Parks","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v96i2.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v96i2.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum mechanical weak values and their measurement have been a focus of theoretical, experimental, and applied research for more than two decades. The concept of PT symmetry was also introduced into quantum mechanics during this time. This paper defines the notion of a weak value measurement pointer Hamiltonian and establishes equivalences between its Dirac symmetries, its PT symmetries, its eigenvalues, and the associated weak value. The affect of these symmetries upon measurement pointer observables is also identified.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1023
Laura Gruss, Matthew Close, Sara O'Brien
The use of human whole-body donors is the gold standard in anatomy education, and dissection is a standard pedagogical tool in gross anatomy courses in medical schools, physical therapy schools, and other health science graduate and professional training programs. However, undergraduate students studying anatomy and physiology rarely have the opportunity to work with real human tissues. The Biology Department at Radford University in Southwest Virginia is noteworthy for using whole-body donors from the West Virginia University Human Gifts Registry in all of its undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses. Radford University also uses whole-body donors in non-Biology courses and in student research projects. This report details the educational uses and impacts of WV whole-body donors at Radford University over the past seven years.
{"title":"West Virginia Human Whole-Body Donors in Undergraduate Biology Education at Radford University","authors":"Laura Gruss, Matthew Close, Sara O'Brien","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1023","url":null,"abstract":"The use of human whole-body donors is the gold standard in anatomy education, and dissection is a standard pedagogical tool in gross anatomy courses in medical schools, physical therapy schools, and other health science graduate and professional training programs. However, undergraduate students studying anatomy and physiology rarely have the opportunity to work with real human tissues. The Biology Department at Radford University in Southwest Virginia is noteworthy for using whole-body donors from the West Virginia University Human Gifts Registry in all of its undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses. Radford University also uses whole-body donors in non-Biology courses and in student research projects. This report details the educational uses and impacts of WV whole-body donors at Radford University over the past seven years.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"114 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1024
David V. Rasicci, Obadah Tolaymat, Robert J. Bolyard, Christopher A. Dunmore, Jake T. Neumann, M. Zdilla, H. Wayne Lambert
The West Virginia State Anatomical Board oversees three Human Gift Registries (HGRs), which allocate human whole body donations to support the educational, outreach, and research missions of our universities. These HGRs primarily function to meet the demand for anatomy education at the institutions that house them. Two of these HGRs, however, demonstrate a unique centralized model, in which approximately half of the donors are reallocated to other institutions to support their missions, and thus, have an impact far greater than in West Virginia (WV) alone. In this perspective, the number of donations received at WV HGRs over the past seven years are reported by institution, as well as the geographical distribution of our donors over the past five years. We also discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human anatomy education. This model of centralized HGRs in WV may be of interest to other State Anatomical Boards, as well as the families of past and prospective donors in WV. The state of WV remains committed to dissection-based human anatomy education, and we are forever grateful to our donors who make this experience possible.
{"title":"Geographical Impact of Human Gift Registries in West Virginia: A Model for Centralized Resources in Human Anatomy Education","authors":"David V. Rasicci, Obadah Tolaymat, Robert J. Bolyard, Christopher A. Dunmore, Jake T. Neumann, M. Zdilla, H. Wayne Lambert","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1024","url":null,"abstract":"The West Virginia State Anatomical Board oversees three Human Gift Registries (HGRs), which allocate human whole body donations to support the educational, outreach, and research missions of our universities. These HGRs primarily function to meet the demand for anatomy education at the institutions that house them. Two of these HGRs, however, demonstrate a unique centralized model, in which approximately half of the donors are reallocated to other institutions to support their missions, and thus, have an impact far greater than in West Virginia (WV) alone. In this perspective, the number of donations received at WV HGRs over the past seven years are reported by institution, as well as the geographical distribution of our donors over the past five years. We also discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human anatomy education. This model of centralized HGRs in WV may be of interest to other State Anatomical Boards, as well as the families of past and prospective donors in WV. The state of WV remains committed to dissection-based human anatomy education, and we are forever grateful to our donors who make this experience possible.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"25 5‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1024
David V. Rasicci, Obadah Tolaymat, Robert J. Bolyard, Christopher A. Dunmore, Jake T. Neumann, M. Zdilla, H. Wayne Lambert
The West Virginia State Anatomical Board oversees three Human Gift Registries (HGRs), which allocate human whole body donations to support the educational, outreach, and research missions of our universities. These HGRs primarily function to meet the demand for anatomy education at the institutions that house them. Two of these HGRs, however, demonstrate a unique centralized model, in which approximately half of the donors are reallocated to other institutions to support their missions, and thus, have an impact far greater than in West Virginia (WV) alone. In this perspective, the number of donations received at WV HGRs over the past seven years are reported by institution, as well as the geographical distribution of our donors over the past five years. We also discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human anatomy education. This model of centralized HGRs in WV may be of interest to other State Anatomical Boards, as well as the families of past and prospective donors in WV. The state of WV remains committed to dissection-based human anatomy education, and we are forever grateful to our donors who make this experience possible.
{"title":"Geographical Impact of Human Gift Registries in West Virginia: A Model for Centralized Resources in Human Anatomy Education","authors":"David V. Rasicci, Obadah Tolaymat, Robert J. Bolyard, Christopher A. Dunmore, Jake T. Neumann, M. Zdilla, H. Wayne Lambert","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1024","url":null,"abstract":"The West Virginia State Anatomical Board oversees three Human Gift Registries (HGRs), which allocate human whole body donations to support the educational, outreach, and research missions of our universities. These HGRs primarily function to meet the demand for anatomy education at the institutions that house them. Two of these HGRs, however, demonstrate a unique centralized model, in which approximately half of the donors are reallocated to other institutions to support their missions, and thus, have an impact far greater than in West Virginia (WV) alone. In this perspective, the number of donations received at WV HGRs over the past seven years are reported by institution, as well as the geographical distribution of our donors over the past five years. We also discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human anatomy education. This model of centralized HGRs in WV may be of interest to other State Anatomical Boards, as well as the families of past and prospective donors in WV. The state of WV remains committed to dissection-based human anatomy education, and we are forever grateful to our donors who make this experience possible.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.944
Kristy Henson, G. Popovich
In recent years, the allure of zombie culture has found its way into innovative teaching of biology and medical courses. In this current example, we employ zombie imagery and context to facilitate an understanding of applied nutritional biochemistry. This novel approach is compared to teaching identical material using traditional examples and context. Specifically, we investigated the impact on short-term and long-term learning by incorporating zombie lore into the delivery of a lecture on the inflammatory cascade as it relates to essential fatty acids. We hypothesized that given the popularity of zombies and dystopian/apocalyptic environments, intertwining nutritional concepts with these dramatic scenarios would enhance interest and attention, hence improving learning. Two presentations were offered in basic nutrition (synchronous) or introductory anatomy and physiology (asynchronous). This audience was selected to ensure minimal baseline knowledge on the topic of essential fatty acids. Half of the students received a non-zombie lecture while half received the same information as it relates to zombies. Learning was assessed using a five-question survey. Testing was conducted before, immediately following, and 4 weeks after the lecture. The mean score increase pre- versus post-test in both groups was dramatic but not significantly different between groups (zombie vs non-zombie and synchronous vs asynchronous). Results were as follows: the pre-test average for both groups was 42.37%; the immediate post-test average was 85.96%. At 4 weeks, the average performance dropped to 70.30%. On average, students indicated a mild interest in zombies. In this instance, teaching with pop culture did not significantly impact short-term or long-term retention.
{"title":"Impact of Teaching Nutritional Biochemistry Concepts Using Pop Culture: Why Zombies Crave Brains","authors":"Kristy Henson, G. Popovich","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.944","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the allure of zombie culture has found its way into innovative teaching of biology and medical courses. In this current example, we employ zombie imagery and context to facilitate an understanding of applied nutritional biochemistry. This novel approach is compared to teaching identical material using traditional examples and context. Specifically, we investigated the impact on short-term and long-term learning by incorporating zombie lore into the delivery of a lecture on the inflammatory cascade as it relates to essential fatty acids. We hypothesized that given the popularity of zombies and dystopian/apocalyptic environments, intertwining nutritional concepts with these dramatic scenarios would enhance interest and attention, hence improving learning. Two presentations were offered in basic nutrition (synchronous) or introductory anatomy and physiology (asynchronous). This audience was selected to ensure minimal baseline knowledge on the topic of essential fatty acids. Half of the students received a non-zombie lecture while half received the same information as it relates to zombies. Learning was assessed using a five-question survey. Testing was conducted before, immediately following, and 4 weeks after the lecture. The mean score increase pre- versus post-test in both groups was dramatic but not significantly different between groups (zombie vs non-zombie and synchronous vs asynchronous). Results were as follows: the pre-test average for both groups was 42.37%; the immediate post-test average was 85.96%. At 4 weeks, the average performance dropped to 70.30%. On average, students indicated a mild interest in zombies. In this instance, teaching with pop culture did not significantly impact short-term or long-term retention.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1026
H. S. Kieffer, Samuel Zercher, Silas Buckwalter
During an abdominopelvic cavity dissection in an undergraduate gross anatomy course, a right ectopic pelvic kidney was identified in the lesser pelvis and was concomitant with bilateral vascular aberrations. The right kidney was located anterior to the sacrum and medial to the right common iliac artery bifurcation with aberrant vasculature. The left kidney was located near the traditional T12-L3 level; however, multiple aberrant arteries supplied this kidney as well. Such renal anatomy anomalies have immediate implications in anatomy and embryology education, medical imaging, abdominopelvic surgical approaches, and the field of nephrology regarding renal form, function, and pathophysiology.
{"title":"Right Ectopic Pelvic Kidney and Bilateral Vascular Aberrations a Female Donor: A Case Report","authors":"H. S. Kieffer, Samuel Zercher, Silas Buckwalter","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i1.1026","url":null,"abstract":"During an abdominopelvic cavity dissection in an undergraduate gross anatomy course, a right ectopic pelvic kidney was identified in the lesser pelvis and was concomitant with bilateral vascular aberrations. The right kidney was located anterior to the sacrum and medial to the right common iliac artery bifurcation with aberrant vasculature. The left kidney was located near the traditional T12-L3 level; however, multiple aberrant arteries supplied this kidney as well. Such renal anatomy anomalies have immediate implications in anatomy and embryology education, medical imaging, abdominopelvic surgical approaches, and the field of nephrology regarding renal form, function, and pathophysiology.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"278 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i3.1025
Oyekunle Shopeju, Avishek Choudhury
Wearable technology is a useful tool to tackle the problem of substance abuse among populations by tracking and monitoring addictions and offering diagnosis by proxy. This review seeks to understand the role of wearable technology in managing addiction, with particular focus on opioid, alcohol, and tobacco abuse. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science (WoS), and IEEE Explore databases. English-language peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2022 that examined the use of wearable devices for addiction management were included. The review acknowledged 25 relevant studies from various countries, primarily the United States. A majority of the studies examined alcohol addiction, with Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM) being the most commonly used technology. Our findings highlight the positive impact of wearables such as Q sensor™ Affectiva, Spire Health Tag, and Empatica E4 sensors on monitoring and managing opioid addiction, including their potential in addressing the opioid crisis in the United States. Moreover, the data underscored the importance of wearable technology in studying smoking patterns, with devices like (Automated Smoking Perception and Recording) ASPIRE and (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker) PACT 2.0 showing high agreement with other indicators of smoking characteristics. Despite the progress made, the review identifies a need for more research into wearables for opioid addiction.
可穿戴技术是一种有用的工具，可通过跟踪和监测成瘾情况并提供代理诊断来解决人群中的药物滥用问题。本综述旨在了解可穿戴技术在管理成瘾方面的作用，尤其关注阿片类药物、酒精和烟草的滥用。我们遵循系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目扩展范围综述（PRISMA-ScR）指南，并对 PubMed、PubMed Central、Web of Science (WoS) 和 IEEE Explore 数据库进行了全面检索。收录了 2013 年至 2022 年间发表的、研究可穿戴设备用于成瘾管理的英文同行评审文章。审查确认了来自不同国家（主要是美国）的 25 项相关研究。大部分研究对酒精成瘾进行了研究，其中最常用的技术是安全连续远程酒精监测仪（SCRAM）。我们的研究结果强调了 Q sensor™ Affectiva、Spire Health Tag 和 Empatica E4 传感器等可穿戴设备对监测和管理阿片类药物成瘾的积极影响，包括它们在解决美国阿片类药物危机方面的潜力。此外，数据还强调了可穿戴技术在研究吸烟模式方面的重要性，ASPIRE（自动吸烟感知和记录）和PACT 2.0（个人自动卷烟追踪器）等设备与其他吸烟特征指标显示出高度的一致性。尽管取得了进展，但综述指出，需要对可穿戴设备治疗阿片类药物成瘾开展更多研究。
{"title":"Scoping Review of Wearables in Monitoring Opioid, Tobacco, and Alcohol Abuse: A Potential Intervention for West Virginia","authors":"Oyekunle Shopeju, Avishek Choudhury","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i3.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i3.1025","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable technology is a useful tool to tackle the problem of substance abuse among populations by tracking and monitoring addictions and offering diagnosis by proxy. This review seeks to understand the role of wearable technology in managing addiction, with particular focus on opioid, alcohol, and tobacco abuse. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science (WoS), and IEEE Explore databases. English-language peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 and 2022 that examined the use of wearable devices for addiction management were included. The review acknowledged 25 relevant studies from various countries, primarily the United States. A majority of the studies examined alcohol addiction, with Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM) being the most commonly used technology. Our findings highlight the positive impact of wearables such as Q sensor™ Affectiva, Spire Health Tag, and Empatica E4 sensors on monitoring and managing opioid addiction, including their potential in addressing the opioid crisis in the United States. Moreover, the data underscored the importance of wearable technology in studying smoking patterns, with devices like (Automated Smoking Perception and Recording) ASPIRE and (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker) PACT 2.0 showing high agreement with other indicators of smoking characteristics. Despite the progress made, the review identifies a need for more research into wearables for opioid addiction.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"274 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.55632/pwvas.v95i3.1019
Rebecca K. McGrail, Donglin Huang, Dorothy Vesper, Louis McDonald
Naturally occurring concentrations of selenium (Se) are very low: 0.02 µg L-1 in freshwater and 0.01-2 mg kg-1 in soil. Mining operations must discharge water in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s established maximum contaminant level and may be required to discharge at even lower limits set by the state. For accurate analysis, sample collection containers and labware must be carefully chosen to prevent changes in composition through interactions between sample and container. Our objective was to assess four materials (glass, silanized glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polypropylene) for use in Se quantification. Varying Se stock solutions (0, 10, 25, and 50 µg L-1) were prepared in 0.1 M sodium chloride, delivered to each container, and equilibrated for 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours. Selenium was lost to all containers with the least loss occurring in the silanized-treated glass (1-12% across all concentrations). Silanized glassware is recommended for Se quantification as it improved sample integrity.
{"title":"Evaluation of sample collection containers for selenium quantification","authors":"Rebecca K. McGrail, Donglin Huang, Dorothy Vesper, Louis McDonald","doi":"10.55632/pwvas.v95i3.1019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55632/pwvas.v95i3.1019","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally occurring concentrations of selenium (Se) are very low: 0.02 µg L-1 in freshwater and 0.01-2 mg kg-1 in soil. Mining operations must discharge water in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s established maximum contaminant level and may be required to discharge at even lower limits set by the state. For accurate analysis, sample collection containers and labware must be carefully chosen to prevent changes in composition through interactions between sample and container. Our objective was to assess four materials (glass, silanized glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polypropylene) for use in Se quantification. Varying Se stock solutions (0, 10, 25, and 50 µg L-1) were prepared in 0.1 M sodium chloride, delivered to each container, and equilibrated for 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours. Selenium was lost to all containers with the least loss occurring in the silanized-treated glass (1-12% across all concentrations). Silanized glassware is recommended for Se quantification as it improved sample integrity.","PeriodicalId":92280,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science","volume":"31 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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